The purpose of this study is to examine the disruption risk resolution process in supply chains; specifically, to assess how risk attributes impact the approach firms select to resolve risks and the associated final outcomes. We propose that high magnitude risks are positively associated with mutually beneficial problem resolution; on the other hand, low likelihood risks have the opposite effect, they are negatively associated with mutually beneficial resolution. Our conceptual contribution lies in our articulation of the mechanisms though which risk magnitude and risk likelihood impact mutual problem resolution. We posit that high magnitude risks and low likelihood (uncommon) risks mobilize the social network of actors, triggering vigilant monitoring for risks, communication among actors and across firm boundaries, and resource sharing and coordination which facilitate collaborative problem solving and mutual resolutions. These mobilization mechanisms help supply chain partners to overcome the challenges of complexity and allow for information and resource flows among actors and between firms. Our statistical analysis demonstrates that the impact of risk attributes on mutual problem solutions is fully mediated by timely problem identification and collaborative problem solving.

In April 2010 Vägverket (the Swedish National Road Agency) andBanverket (the Swedish National Railway Agency) will merge intoTrafikverket (the Swedish National Traffic Agency). Trafikverket willassume unified responsibility for the risk management that atpresent is responsibility of Vägverket and Banverket separately. Atpresent, as it will be shown in this thesis, Vägverket and Banverketshare the same theoretical background for risk management but usedifferent implementations often within the same agency. The use ofdifferent implementations results in a reduced transparency of therisk management both within and outside the agencies: this willbecome even more problematic when they will be fused intoTrafikverket. The aim of this thesis is to review the current risk managementmethodologies used at Vägverket and Banverket and to suggest aunified tool for the risk management at Trafikverket. This will bedone by focusing in particular on construction projects, one fromVägverket (Partihallsförbindelsen) and one from Banverket(Nynäsbanan). In this thesis a particular emphasis will be put on theimportance of communication for risk management within anadministration. Better bottom-up and top-down communication andfeedback will enable improvements and more transparent riskmanagement especially at higher levels in the agency such as theboard of the project managers. The tool that will be proposed in thisthesis builds on the current tools used at Vägverket and Banverketthus assuring a smooth transition towards a unified tool.

Train travel has increased in Sweden, and future increase of train transports putdemands on the already vastly exploited railroad net. The increased need of capacitycan be seen in the ongoing and planned expansions of the railway track. One part ofthe railroad infrastructure which is affected by an increase of travellers is the design ofthe station platform. Since the platform is the place where the traveller meets thetrain, dangerous situations can occur in this environment. A number of studies focuson single safety risks, albeit there is no research to show the full picture of safety inthe platform environment.This study aims to treat and put together a compilation of risks for the traveller in theplatform environment in the form of a checklist, which can be used as support inplanning and design of a safer platform environment for existing or planned platforms.The thesis has, through case studies of five ongoing projects within the NationalRailroad Administration (Banverket), interviews with train company personnel andinternational railroad administrators, identified and treated safety (and security) risksin the platform environment.The conclusion of the study is that the relations between the traveller, the physicalplatform environment and the project organisation are important to explore andexploit when designing effective safety measures. The identified risks are presented inthe checklist along with counter measures and a guideline for the reader to supporttools in avoiding and preventing safety problems in the platform environment.

Due to its inherent characteristics such as ubiquity, personalization, flexibility, and dissemination, mobile commerce promises business unprecedented market potential, greater productivity and higher profitability. With this in mind, it is perhaps not surprising that mobile commerce is growing much faster than its fixed counterpart. Unlike e-commerce, m-commerce is personalized and there is a need for a novel approach to evaluating risk management in m-commerce projects. Result in the increase of risks management in m-commerce. Besides the business core activities, the increased use of derivative products by both financial and non-financial institutions and recent events or scandals continue to demonstrate the need for enhanced standards and processes of control over risk. In this thesis, I attempt to introduce a new method for performing risk analysis studies by effectively utilizing the existing risk management process framework with adoptions of analysis approach in m-commerce projects. It will provide a sequencing of the core part of the risk management process into sub-processes for identify context, identify risks, analyse risks, evaluate risks and treat risks in different respects of m-commerce. Moreover, it seems that the integration of risk management process and some analysis method indeed provided very useful new insights. To be able to fulfil the purpose of study, qualitative research method was considered, using an inductive approach of a single case study of m-commerce project in Trollhättan with m-commerce related research literature and scenario for development of restaurant in university west as source of data. Based on the analysis, a number of observations were put forward in the conclusion. To begin with the strategy in relation to management structure will be considered. In addition, the role of information technology security is considered in risk management. Meanwhile, the good governance and risk management according to m-commerce application in risk management system and corporate governance are included in the discussion. In attempt of risk management in the m-commerce projects, this thesis examines the issues in one case of m-commerce project in Trollhättan not only information secure issues and some technical viewpoints in m-commerce project but also from the project management's perspective. The contribution of the thesis will be introducing a new framework/module for performing a risk analysis studies in m-commerce projects domain and a proposal for risk management in the m-commerce projects case of Trollhättan.

No description available.

Citizens’ perceptions of the risk associated with various kinds of disasters are important. Public opinion on these matters can both compel and constrain political, economic and social efforts to address issues related to these hazards. Starting with the observation from surveys that there appears to strong public disagreement over the risk posed by various disasters, this thesis sets out to explain these observations. Three different kinds of disasters are selected as cases: terrorist attacks, oil spills, and long-term power blackouts. Although past research has identified a number of factors which may be relevant to the understanding of risk perceptions, there has been relatively little research on variations in risk perception within the public and even less on how these variations vary across different kinds of hazards. Drawing on relevant literature, a questionnaire was designed and administered by telephone to a nationally representative sample of 901 respondents. By means of multivariate regression analyses it is demonstrated that public perceptions of the risk associated with disasters are shaped by a number of factors, including values, political orientation, trust in risk management, as well as socio-demographic characteristics such as gender and age. Importantly, however, the way in and the extent to which each of these factors influences risk perceptions is highly dependent upon the particular hazard under consideration. While this was expected with regard to the effect of values and political orientation, it is much more difficult to explain why the effect of trust in risk management as well that of socio-demographic characteristics varies across hazards. Implications of findings to both risk managers and risk perception research is discussed.

Krishantering har under en lång tid legat på de offentliga aktörerna i samhället. Krisberedskapens historia ligger framförallt hos de offentliga aktörernas syn på krig och krigsföring. Detta kommer av att det finns likheter mellan krig och kriser, genom att människor kan skadas av ett hot. Därför måste samhället kunna organisera sig för att lösa detta. Detta har sitt ursprung från andra världskriget, då man organiserade civilförsvar för att möta beredskapen som fanns. Att det skapades civilförsvar, var för att det ansågs att militärens organisation hade bäst kontroll för att hantera krissituationer, eftersom militären hade kunskap om ledning och kontroll. Detta har efter Kalla Kriget börjat förändras och allt fler civila organisationer har nu blivit mer inkluderade i krishanteringsfrågor. Idag pratas det allt mer om osäkerhet och inte om kriser. Osäkerhet är när en fara, verklig och uppfattad, framstår i samhället. Detta är något som är skapat av samhällets organisation och inte av påverkan på att lösa problem. Fastän samhällets syn på krishantering har förändrats, finns det än idag rester från det militäriska synsättet.   Laurie Pearce nämner att ett problem med krishanteringen är att aktörerna inte kopplar samman handlingar mot samhällsplaneringsarbetet med krishanteringsarbetet. Detta beror framförallt på tids- och personalbrist. Därför är det vanligt att krishantering inte sker förrän en kris har drabbat samhället. En annan bidragande orsak till att krishanteringen inte utförs i förebyggande syfte är att de offentliga aktörerna har en större tilltro till andra vedertagna aktörer/organisationer, istället för att prata med civila personer, eftersom det anses att de som arbetar med problemen har en betydligt större kunskap.

The field of decision making has largely focused on the influence of contextual factors on risk tolerance. Much work has focused on how the problem itself is presented, in hopes of understanding the circumstances under which individuals may be helped in areas of long-term investment and planning through encouragement of greater risk tolerance. Specifically, when making financial decisions, it has been suggested that by presenting individual decisions in groups (Gneezy & Potters, 1997), or by presenting feedback less frequently (Thaler et al, 1997), participants are able to process individual problems in a holistic manner, which encourages risk tolerance when deciding. This literature has typically made claims that these effects are dependent on how the problem is presented. However, evidence for the benefits of “broadly bracketed” problems often relies as much on the presentation of aggregated outcomes as it relies on the grouping of problems. The purpose of this thesis was to further examine whether bracketing effects might be attributable to manipulations of problem framing or outcome framing. In addition, it has been suggested that perhaps individuals who differ in processing styles might respond differentially to framing effects in general (Frederick, 2005). That is, perhaps individuals who are more intuitive decision makers might be more susceptible to context-based changes, and so might show larger framing effects. Deliberative decision makers, on the other hand, might overcome these framing effects by reflecting on, or actively “reframing”, the problem. A secondary purpose of this thesis was thus to investigate individual differences in the magnitude of the bracketing effect on risk tolerance. In Experiment 1, problem and outcome bracketing were examined in the domain of discrete choices, while in Experiment 2, bracketing was examined with continuous iv investments. Results suggest that when investment opportunities are identical, problem framing encourages long-term risk tolerance. However, when choices are somewhat different from one another, as is often the case in real-world investment situations, outcome information is critical to encouraging long-term risk tolerance. Together, results suggest a critical reevaluation of the bracketing hypothesis and its application to long-term investment.

Due to the rapid development of computing technology and faster growth of financial industry, Foreign Exchange high-frequency trading has become substantially more prominent to today's market players, especially to bankers and market makers. This research aims at introducing today's FX high-frequency trading structure and discussing how a market maker can effectively reduce downside risk when market faces a huge upward or downward stress. An Exponential Moving Average operator is introduced and implemented using a Matlab software for tick-by-tick data analysis. Simulation framework for market high-frequency data and client trading flow is also introduced and implemented using the Matlab software. Real-time P&L calculation is introduced and used to determine the performance of a proposed risk hedging strategy. On the other hand, due to the financial crisis we experienced in 2007, 2008, and 2009, we analyze the tail risk of foreign exchange market. Extreme Value Theory (EVT) has been applied to real EUR/USD data, which contains eight-year daily closing exchange rate. An extension of from EVT to Value-at-Risk (VaR) calculation is introduced. We also consider the volatility clustering issue in asset returns and demonstrate how GARCH model can be applied for VaR calculation. Lastly, we propose a method of using VaR as a high-frequency risk measure for risk hedging strategies during intra-day trading.

This dissertation utilizes a Foucauldian perspective to explore the relationship between at-risk youth and the acceptance and integration of long-term conventional goals and values held by the general population. I posit that orthodox theories, which argue that youth who engage in delinquent behaviors do so because they either reject the goals and values of society, or they realize they have no legitimate means of goal attainment, fail to adequately explain why some youth appear to integrate and strive for these goals. I argue that Foucault's work on power and knowledge, more specifically the use of bio-power and the technologies of normalization, can be used as an explanation for how at-risk youth come to integrate and accept these conventional goals and fully participate in the creation of themselves as "docile bodies". </p> <p>This issue is explored through an analysis of two sets of data collected through the development and implementation of two separate surveys; one given to the general population of youth and the other to at-risk youth. As well, I explore the findings of personal interviews collected with youth incarcerated in Kilburn Hall, a remand centre in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. </p> <p>What these data show is that, far from rejecting the conventional goals and values of society, at-risk youth appear to integrate both the goals and a strong ideology of personal responsibility for the attainment, or failure to achieve these goals.