Is it possible, and suitable, to use multimedia in classic literature studies at Swedish upper secondary school? What alternatives are there?  Is there any foundation in the curriculum for an expanded conception of text as in multimedia?  Will the conception literacy support use of multimedia in classic literature studies, and in what ways? How do we generally look upon the definition text, is it only printed letters, or something more? To get an answer to the questions we decided to examine a number of theories, Gardner’s theory about the different intelligences, the conception literacy and the expanded text concept. In these three theories we took our starting-point for the following work. The main subjects became two interactive sights on Internet and one CD-ROM, all containing classic literature. Our previous knowledge in this subject field was very meager.  This work has given us an opportunity to discover some of the multimedia that is available, and the result we have come to is that multimedia absolutely belongs in studies of classic literature as well as in other subjects. We think it is necessary to pay attention to multimedia in the future education, because of the text flow in the society. Text flow is much more than just printed letters, for example web sites with further more experiences such as pictures/paintings and music, which makes a comprehensive picture. As we see it, this conclusion has support in the theories.

Detta examensarbetet har gått ut på att konstruera ROM-minnen med liten effektförbrukning.Genom att vi undersökt olika geometriska strukturer i form av kolumnuppdelning så har simuleringsresultaten visat god geometri med liten strömförbrukning. Därefter har minnesarean delats in i olika block med den valda geometrin där endast det blocket som är adresserat aktiveras dvs när blocken är i passiva läge drar de ej ström. Blockindelning och kolumnuppdelning kontrolleras av de mest signifikanta bitarna i adressen. / In this thesis we have designed and developed a static ROM with low power consumption.Through examining different geometrical structures by splitting up the columns in the memory array we have, through computer simulation, found the best geometry with respect to power dissipation. In addition we have partitioned the memory array into several blocks with the optimal geometry, enabling us to switch off the memory blocks not beeing addressed and thereby lowering the power consumption even further. The column and block partitioning is controlled by the most significant address bits.

Avtal med internationell karaktär är idag vanligt förekommande, då handel inte enbart sker inom ett lands gränser. En fråga som oftast aktualiseras när tvist uppkommer mellan parter i ett internationellt avtalsförhållande är vilken lag som ska tillämpas. För att lösa tvisten och lagvalsfrågan, finns olika tvistlösningsalternativ, bl.a. tvistlösning vid allmän domstol där lagvalsfrågan avgörs med tillämpning av den s.k. Rom I-förordningen, eller tvistlösning genom internationellt kommersiellt skiljeförfarande. Vid båda dessa alternativ är principen om partsautonomi en viktig hörnsten. Principen innebär att parterna själva kan avtala om vilken lag de vill ska tillämpas på avtalet. Vid införandet av Rom I-förordningen utvidgades principen om partsautonomi, från dess tidigare utformning i Romkonventionen, till att även innebära en möjlighet för parterna att välja icke-statliga regler. Denna utvidgning motiverades bl.a. av att detta var möjligt för parter som valde internationellt skiljeförfarande som tvistlösningsalternativ. Frågan som då uppkommer är varför denna utvidgning av principen gjordes, och framförallt varför man motiverade utvidgningen genom att jämföra med principens utformning i internationellt skiljeförfarande. Dessa två tvistlösningsalternativ påvisar stora olikheter, där skiljeförfarandet karakteriseras av att parterna har den övervägande bestämmanderätten av hur förfarandet ska gå tillväga och vilken lag som ska tillämpas. Partsautonomin inom internationellt skiljeförfarande är i stort sett obegränsad, medan det i Rom I-förordningen ställs upp begränsningar som gör att parternas lagval kan frångås. Utformningen av partsautonomin i Rom I-förordningen får anses strida mot den förutsebarhet som principen och förordningen har till syfte att uppnå, och den utformning av principen som hämtades från skiljeförfarandets utformning, är därför inte ändamålsenlig. / Cross-border agreements are more common today, since it’s not unusual that a contract is entered into by parties resident in different states. A question that often occurs when a dispute arises between parties to an international contract is which law that is to be applied. In order to resolve the dispute and determine the applicable law there are various options, for example resolving the dispute before a general court where the applicable law is determined by the provisions of the Rome I Regulation, or by settling the dispute by international commercial arbitration. In both cases, the principle of party autonomy is an important cornerstone. The principle allows the parties to an international contract to determine the applicable law. The principle, which was acknowledged already in the Rome Conventionen, was widened when the Rome Convention was replaced by the Rome I Regulation. Parties were given an additional possibility to choose non-state rules to govern the contract. This was motivated by the fact that the possibility to choose non-state rules was acknowledged in international arbitration. The question that arises is why the principle was widened, and why this was justified by a comparison of the design of the principle in international arbitration. There are notable differences between these two alternatives of resolving a dispute, where the principle of party autonomy in international arbitration is basically unrestricted, while the same principle in the Rome I Regulation is subject to restrictions that might result in another applicable law than the one chosen by the parties. The design of the principle in the Rome I Regulation is in contrary to the purpose of the principle and the Regulation, since the restrictions makes it more difficult for the parties to predict the applicable law. The design of the principle, which was effected by the design of the principle in international arbitration, is therefore not considered as appropriate.

<p>Is it possible, and suitable, to use multimedia in classic literature studies at Swedish upper secondary school? What alternatives are there?  Is there any foundation in the curriculum for an expanded conception of text as in multimedia?  Will the conception literacy support use of multimedia in classic literature studies, and in what ways? How do we generally look upon the definition text, is it only printed letters, or something more? To get an answer to the questions we decided to examine a number of theories, Gardner’s theory about the different intelligences, the conception literacy and the expanded text concept. In these three theories we took our starting-point for the following work. The main subjects became two interactive sights on Internet and one CD-ROM, all containing classic literature. Our previous knowledge in this subject field was very meager.  This work has given us an opportunity to discover some of the multimedia that is available, and the result we have come to is that multimedia absolutely belongs in studies of classic literature as well as in other subjects. We think it is necessary to pay attention to multimedia in the future education, because of the text flow in the society. Text flow is much more than just printed letters, for example web sites with further more experiences such as pictures/paintings and music, which makes a comprehensive picture. As we see it, this conclusion has support in the theories.</p>

<p>Detta examensarbetet har gått ut på att konstruera ROM-minnen med liten effektförbrukning.Genom att vi undersökt olika geometriska strukturer i form av kolumnuppdelning så har simuleringsresultaten visat god geometri med liten strömförbrukning. Därefter har minnesarean delats in i olika block med den valda geometrin där endast det blocket som är adresserat aktiveras dvs när blocken är i passiva läge drar de ej ström. Blockindelning och kolumnuppdelning kontrolleras av de mest signifikanta bitarna i adressen.</p> / <p>In this thesis we have designed and developed a static ROM with low power consumption.Through examining different geometrical structures by splitting up the columns in the memory array we have, through computer simulation, found the best geometry with respect to power dissipation. In addition we have partitioned the memory array into several blocks with the optimal geometry, enabling us to switch off the memory blocks not beeing addressed and thereby lowering the power consumption even further. The column and block partitioning is controlled by the most significant address bits.</p>

<p>In the era of VLSI the technological advancements have lead us to integrate not only digital circuits of high device density but both digital and analog circuits on to the same chip. In recent years the number of devices on a chip has spectacularly increased, all</p><p>because of the downward scaling in sizes of the devices. But because of this dramatic scaling the devices have become more sensitive to the power-ground noise. Now in designing a mix signal system within single silicon die that has high speed digital circuits</p><p>along with high performance analog circuits the digital switching noise becomes a foremost concern for the correct functioning of the system.</p><p>The purpose of the thesis is to evaluate the reduction of Simultaneous Switching Noise in analog signal band with in the chip. The experiment is done by the use of DCVSL circuits combined with a novel method of implementation, instead of the common static circuits in the core design. These DCVSL circuits have the property to draw periodic currents from the power supply. So if the circuit draws equal amount of current at each clock cycle independent of the input fed to it, the generated noise’s frequency content, produced due to current spikes will then be shifted above the input clock frequency.</p><p>The idea is to reduce Simultaneous Switching Noise (SSN) by half of the clock frequency in the frequency band. This frequency band often contains to the analog signal band of a digital-to-analog converter. To evaluate the method two pipelined adders have been implemented in 0.13 μm CMOS technology. The proposed method (test circuit) is</p><p>implemented using DCVSL techniques and the reference circuit using static CMOS logic. For testing of the design we generated the input data on-chip. The pseudo-random data is generated by implementing two different length PRBS. We have also implemented a ROM containing specific test patterns. In the end, we have achieved a 10 dB decrease of noise level at the substrate node on the chip.</p>

<p>Denna rapport visar hur en reklamfilm för en specifik produkt har utvecklats, i form av en CD-ROM-produktion. Företaget Alding AB har efterfrågat reklamfilmen för sin produkt Alding Webshop Maker 1.3. </p><p>Flera olika programvaror har använts vid genomförandet, varav ljudredigeringsprogrammet Sonic Foundry Sound Forge 5.0 och bildredigeringsprogrammet Adobe Photoshop 5.5 hör till de mest frekvent använda. Med hjälp av programmet Macromedia Director 7.0 har sammanställningen av reklamfilmen utförts. Rapporten behandlar de olika problem som uppstått under arbetets gång samt hur de har kunnat undanröjas. </p><p>Efter färdigställandet av CD-ROM-produktionen började Alding AB att använda den. På detta sätt fick de ytterligare en kanal varigenom de kan sprida information om Alding Webshop Maker 1.3. Den enkla och informativa reklamfilmen gör att presumtiva kunder får upp ögonen för produkten.</p>

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Mainz--Univ. Johannes Gutenberg, 1998. / Bibliogr. p. 290-322. Index.

China has the largest population and the fastest growing economy in the world. The general public's demand for health is rising promptly with the improvement of the living standard. However, the limited and unbalanced medical resource have caused the prominent problem of the society, even in the capital city of Beijing, the new hospital constructions with rational allocation is iminent and significant. Along with the technology development and Internet popularization, GIS approaches and related products has been widely used in the people's daily life. The main focus of this paper is to select a site for building a new hospital in Haidian District of Beijing using GIS-based Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA). With Analytical Hieraichy Process(AHP) and Rank Order Method (ROM) for the weight setting on factor criteria, necessity tests and sensitivity tests are applied to check which criteria are really necessary and how the results are sensitive to their weight change. The optimal site located in Wenquan Town (E: 116.182, N:40.039) is screened from several candidate sites usin Google Earth maps, which makes the ultimate result more convincing and practical. It can be concluded that GIS-based MCA with necessity and sensitivity tests proposes a novel and useful reference to other site selection decision makers, and also provides constructive tools for the public asministration to set up efficent databases for decision makers to carry out spatial analyses. To make it more maneuverable and practical, a further research on th improvement of this method will have a promising future.

In the era of VLSI the technological advancements have lead us to integrate not only digital circuits of high device density but both digital and analog circuits on to the same chip. In recent years the number of devices on a chip has spectacularly increased, all because of the downward scaling in sizes of the devices. But because of this dramatic scaling the devices have become more sensitive to the power-ground noise. Now in designing a mix signal system within single silicon die that has high speed digital circuits along with high performance analog circuits the digital switching noise becomes a foremost concern for the correct functioning of the system. The purpose of the thesis is to evaluate the reduction of Simultaneous Switching Noise in analog signal band with in the chip. The experiment is done by the use of DCVSL circuits combined with a novel method of implementation, instead of the common static circuits in the core design. These DCVSL circuits have the property to draw periodic currents from the power supply. So if the circuit draws equal amount of current at each clock cycle independent of the input fed to it, the generated noise’s frequency content, produced due to current spikes will then be shifted above the input clock frequency. The idea is to reduce Simultaneous Switching Noise (SSN) by half of the clock frequency in the frequency band. This frequency band often contains to the analog signal band of a digital-to-analog converter. To evaluate the method two pipelined adders have been implemented in 0.13 μm CMOS technology. The proposed method (test circuit) is implemented using DCVSL techniques and the reference circuit using static CMOS logic. For testing of the design we generated the input data on-chip. The pseudo-random data is generated by implementing two different length PRBS. We have also implemented a ROM containing specific test patterns. In the end, we have achieved a 10 dB decrease of noise level at the substrate node on the chip.