In light of the significant modulation of receptor activity previously shown by a peptide (designated L247), designed to mimic the third extracellular loop of the human P2Y2 receptor, the aim of this study was to use this peptide as an immunogen to generate and fully characterise polyclonal rabbit antibodies to the P2Y2 receptor. Other aims of this study were to characterise epithelial and endothelial cells for a thorough expression profile of P2Y receptor mRNA transcripts in order to provide a rapid screen for the molecular determinants of these receptors in these cells. These studies also aimed to confirm previously published pharmacology, thus, to set the basis for western blot studies using P2Y receptor antibodies. Bovine aortic endothelial cells that co-express P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptors; EAhy926, a human endothelial fusion cell line, that express P2Y2 receptors; and ECV304 human bladder cancer cell line, known to express P2Y2-like and P2Y11-like receptors were used in this study. The dose dependent accumulation of inositol phosphates and cAMP response to potent P2Y11 agonists and RT-PCR studies confirmed the functional expression of both P2Y2 and P2Y11 receptors in ECV304 cells. Likewise, the dose dependent accumulation of inositol phosphates in response to potent P2Y2 and P2Y6 agonists and the presence of mRNA transcripts confirmed the expression of functional P2Y2/4- like and P2Y6- like receptors in EAhy926 cells. Polyclonal antiserum raised against L247 peptide was affinity purified and the purified fractions showed strong immunoreactivity with immobilised immunogenic antigen in ELISA. In western blot analysis L247 rabbit polyclonal anti-P2Y2 antibody detected strong bands in ECV304 and EAhy926 cells. On pre-absorption with the immunogenic peptide these responses were abolished suggesting that this antibody is antigen specific. Agonist induced P2Y2 receptor desentisation studies in ECV304 cells showed that prolonged agonist incubation caused the receptor sequestration. The loss of bands caused by P2Y2 receptor desensitisation and sequestration in membrane enriched fractions of agonist incubated ECV304 cells confirmed the specificity of L247 antibody. This antibody also showed no immunoreactivity in 1321N1 human brain astrocytoma cells devoid of any P2Y receptor subtypes cells. Deglycosylation studies revealed that the P2Y2 receptors are glycosylated in ECV304 cells. The polyclonal rabbit anti-P2Y2 receptor antibodies obtained from commercial sources produced completely different immunoreactive profiles with multiple bands even in 1321N1 cells. Furthermore, in comparison to L247 anti-P2Y2 antibody the commercial antibody showed no difference between normal and agonist incubated cells suggesting that this antibody may not be recognising the P2Y2 receptors in ECV304 cells. Likewise polyclonal rabbit antibodies to other P2Y receptors either showed no response or showed strong immunoreactive profile with multiple bands even in 1321N1 cells suggesting that these antibodies may not have been extensively characterized. Furthermore, immunofluorescence studies with commercial anti-P2Y2 antibodies showed that they may be only recognising non-denatured receptors. These studies suggest that the L247 anti-P2Y2 antibody raised against peptide designed to mimic specific region in the third extracellular loop of human P2Y2 receptor is highly specific and sensitive and provides an important tool to study endogenously expressed P2Y2 receptors in both non-denatured and denatured state. These studies indicate that this strategy of generating antibodies may be used to generate highly specific antibodies to other P2Y receptor subtypes.

ABSTRACT MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE IN LOCALLY ADVANCED BREAST CANCER ATALAY, Mustafa Can Ph. D., Department of Biotechnology Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ufuk G&Uuml / ND&Uuml / Z June 2004, 70 pages Breast cancer is the most frequently detected cancer among women. Early diagnosis leads to long term survival when the patients are treated with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy. Unfortunately, advanced disease could still be encountered in some patients resulting in a poorer prognosis. The primary treatment modality is chemotherapy for this group of patients. Drug resistance is a serious problem resulting in the use of different drugs during chemotherapy and knowing the possibility of resistance before initiating first line chemotherapy may save time and money, and most importantly, may increase patient&rsquo / s survival. Therefore in this study, multidrug resistance is studied in locally advanced breast cancer patients. The breast tissues obtained from 25 patients both before and after chemotherapy were examined for drug resistance. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of mdr1 and mrp1 gene expression. In addition, immunohistochemistry technique was used for P-glycoprotein and MRP1 detection. JSB-1 and QCRL-1 monoclonal antibodies were utilized to detect P-glycoprotein and MRP1, respectively. Five patients were unresponsive to chemotherapy. In four of these patients mdr1 gene expression was induced by chemotherapy where as the fifth patient initially had mdr1 gene expression. In addition, Pgp positivity was detected in 9 patients after chemotherapy. Both the induction of mdr1 gene expression (p&lt / 0.001) and Pgp positivity (p&lt / 0.001) during chemotherapy were significantly related with clinical response. On the other hand, mrp1 gene expression and MRP1 positivity were detected in 68% of the patients before the therapy. After chemotherapy, mrp1 expression increased to 84%. Although 80% of the clinically unresponsive patients had mrp1 gene expression, the relation between mrp1 expression and clinical drug response was not strong. Thus, it can be concluded that in locally advanced breast cancer mdr1 gene expression during chemotherapy contributed to clinical unresponsiveness. However, mrp1 gene expression did not correlate strongly with the clinical response. When RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry methods are compared in terms of detection of drug resistance, it seems that both methods gave similar and reliable results.

TRANSCRIPTIONAL ANALYSIS OF HYDROGENASE GENES IN RHODOBACTER SPHAEROIDES O.U.001 In photosynthetic non-sulphur bacteria, hydrogen production is catalyzed by nitrogenases and hydrogenases. Hydrogenases are metalloenzymes that are basically classified into: the Fe hydrogenases, the Ni-Fe hydrogenases and metal-free hydrogenases. Two distinct Ni-Fe hydrogenases are described as uptake hydrogenases and bidirectional hydrogenases. The uptake hydrogenases are membrane bound dimeric enzymes consisting of small (hupS) and large (hupL) subunits, and are involved in uptake and the recycling of hydrogen, providing energy for nitrogen fixation and other metabolic processes. In this study the presence of the uptake hydrogenase genes was shown in Rhodobacter sphaeroides O.U.001 strain for the first time and hupS gene sequence was determined. The sequence shows 93% of homology with the uptake hydrogenase hupS of R.sphaeroides R.V. There was no significant change in growth of the bacteria at different concentrations of metal ions (nickel, molybdenum and iron in growth media). The effect of metal ions on hydrogen production of the organism was also studied. The maximum hydrogen gas production was achieved in 8.4&micro / M of nickel and 0.1 mM of iron containing media. The expression of uptake hydrogenase genes were examined by RT-PCR. Increasing the concentration of Ni++ up to 8.4&micro / M increased the expression of uptake hydrogenase genes (hupS). At varied concentrations of Fe-citrate (0.01 mM-0.1 mM) expression of hupS was not detected until hydrogen production stopped. These results will be significant for the improvement strategies of Rhodobacter sphaeroides O.U.001 to increase hydrogen production efficiency. In order to examine the presence of hupL genes, different primers were designed. However, the products could not be observed by PCR.

With global freshwater supplies under pressure, viable water reuse methods are being examined to assist in improving water supplies. Municipal effluent is an ideal source for water reclamation as it is consistent in quality and quantity. The health aspects of water reuse have been identified as an issue of concern, in particular the potential presence of enteric viruses. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is a method that can aid water reclamation by recharging water such as treated effluent into a suitable aquifer. Research into the removal of pathogenic contaminants by natural processes within aquifers, namely the action of autochthonous bacteria, has led to the consideration that MAR could be used to assist in the removal of microbial pathogens. Pathogens have been demonstrated to be removed during residence in groundwater, but the presence of active autochthonous groundwater bacteria are required for significant removal rates to occur. The aim of this research was to investigate the interaction between autochthonous groundwater bacteria (AGB) and the enteroviruses Poliovirus type 1, Coxsackievirus B3 and Adenovirus B41. It was established that these viruses decrease in number in the presence of AGB but the mechanisms causing this decrease are poorly understood. Experiments were designed to examine how the individual AGB caused decay of the viruses. In this study AGB were isolated and tested for their ability in increase the decay of the viruses. It was determined that 27 % (17/63) of the isolated AGB influenced viral decay. The AGB isolates varied in their influence with only 3 out of 17 isolates being able to cause of the decay of both poliovirus and coxsackievirus. Similar variations in decay were observed for adenovirus. Decay times for all three viruses varied amongst the AGB and between the viruses. Experiments were undertaken to characterise the mechanism causing the antiviral activity of four groundwater isolates (1G, 3A, 4B and 9G) under varying conditions and treatments to give insight into the compounds or mechanisms responsible for viral decay. This would indicate whether compounds produced by the AGB responsible for viral decay were closely associated to bacterial cells (perhaps membrane bound), independent of metabolic activity, heat labile or were enzymatic in nature. The influence of enzyme inhibiters and heat treatment indicated that viral degradation is caused by compounds that are enzymatic in nature. As viral numbers were monitored by nucleic acid copy numbers rather than via infectivity assays, the viral protein coats must be the first step in degradation followed by the removal of the viral nucleic acid. This two step process would require both protease and nuclease enzymes to result in loss of viral numbers as measured by RT-PCR/PCR. Further characterisation and identification of these four bacterial isolates was also carried out. Three out of the four isolates were sequenced and analysed using partial 16S rRNA gene sequences to determine their phylogenetic relationships compared to related organisms. Isolate 3A was placed in the order Burkholderiales. Isolate 4B was placed in the family Xanthomonadaceae. Isolate 9G was placed in the family Rhizobiaceae. Isolate 1G was only partially sequenced and preliminary identification placed it in the phylum Bacteriodetes. Understanding of the processes carried out by AGB within an aquifer during MAR using reclaimed waters will aid in increasing the viability of this water reuse process. If important natural processes could be utilised to remediate any potential pathogens, the health concerns with reclaimed waters could be addressed and solved simply through prescribed retention times within the aquifer. Key species of AGB may even be utilised as markers to assess the suitability of an aquifer for MAR.

Submitted by Felipe dos Santos Gomes (felipesantosg@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-06-05T14:18:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Felipe dos Santos Gomes.pdf: 1189458 bytes, checksum: 7917af6743501bdde9a3c3a0112e23aa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-06-05T18:53:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gomes_fs_me_jabo.pdf: 1233173 bytes, checksum: 9619264fd2c88aa95c12e3757010eed9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-05T18:53:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gomes_fs_me_jabo.pdf: 1233173 bytes, checksum: 9619264fd2c88aa95c12e3757010eed9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-04 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A infecção persistente ao vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV) pode viabilizar a disseminação do vírus no rebanho, assim como interferir no controle da infecção. Ao mesmo tempo, em suínos, a presença de soropositivos para BVDV pode causar transtornos aos inquéritos sorológicos para a peste suína clássica (PSC). Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a condição de persistentemente infectado em leitões nascidos de porcas infectadas experimentalmente pelo vírus da diarreia viral bovina. Foram selecionadas seis porcas prenhes para este estudo que foram divididas em dois grupos, sendo um grupo inoculado com BVDV-2 (G1; n=4) aos 45 dias de gestação, e um grupo controle (G2; n=2). Foram realizadas avaliações clínicas nas porcas diariamente. Os neonatos foram monitorados durante 35 dias, em que foram realizadas avaliações clínicas rotineiras e colheita de suabes nasal dos leitões e de amostras de sangue venoso das porcas e dos leitões para obtenção de sangue total e soro a cada 72 horas. Foram realizados testes de RT-PCR para diagnóstico direto, e virusneutralização para avaliação sorológica. As porcas apresentaram soroconversão entre o 17ºdia pós-infecção (dpi) e o 22ºdpi, mas não foi detectada viremia. Nenhum leitão apresentou títulos de anticorpos ou viremia ao nascimento. Não ocorreu a transmissão transplacentária do vírus, portanto, não foi possível observar animais PI. / The persistently infection to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) can enable the spread of virus in the herd, as well as interfere in the control of infection. Concurrently, the presence of seropositive pigs may interfere with serological surveys for classical swine fever (CSF). This project aimed to determine the condition of persistently infected in piglets born from gilts infected with bovine viral diarrhea. BVDV-2 was inoculated in four pregnant gilts (G1; n=4), and a placebo was administered in two gilts, which were the control group (G2; n=2). Clinical evaluations were daily performed in the gilts. The newborns were monitored during 35 days, with clinical evaluation and whole blood, serum and nasal swabs sampling every 72 hours. RT-PCR and virus neutralization tests (VN) were performed. The gilts presented seroconversion between 17º dpi and 22ºdpi, but no viremia was detected. No piglets presented antibody titers or viremia at birth. Transplacental transmission of the virus did not occur, therefore, PI animals could not be observed. / FAPESP: 16/214212

Existem diversos trabalhos publicados sobre a utilização de diferentes métodos imunológicos para diagnosticar infecções do trato respiratório causadas por vírus parainfluenza bovino tipo 3 (bPIV-3). Entretanto, é escassa a literatura sobre a utilização da técnica de isolamento viral. Até o presente momento não havia sido relatada a utilização da Transcrição Reversa - Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (RT-PCR), na detecção de bPIV-3. O objetivo deste estudo foi contribuir para uma melhor caracterização dos bPIV-3 através do desenvolvimento de técnicas de RTPCR para a sua detecção. Utilizando-se uma amostra referência de bPIV-3 (SF-4) e uma amostra de bPIV-3 isolada no Rio Grande do Sul (amostra DIO) foram desenvolvidas técnicas de RT-PCR para a amplificação de diferentes regiões do gene da hemaglutinina-neuraminidase (HN). Após seqüenciamento parcial do gene HN e alinhamento das seqüências da amostra DIO, os resultados revelaram homologia de 99% em relação à amostra referência, 98% a 91% quando comparada com outras amostras de bPIV-3 previamente publicadas na rede e 79% a 80% quando comparada com as amostras de hPIV-3. Foi desenvolvida, também, uma técnica de RT-PCR para amplificação de parte do gene da HN do bPIV-3 e do hPIV-3. Nos experimentos de otimização, a técnica de RT-PCR, comparada com o isolamento viral, apresentou sensibilidade de 140 DICC50, boa especificidade e reprodutibilidade. Os resultados, após seqüenciamento da amostra de vírus bPIV-3 isolada no RS, apresentaram, grande homologia com os das amostras de bPIV-3 comparadas, especialmente a amostra referência. Os dados obtidos neste estudo mostraram que a RT-PCR desenvolvida para a detecção de PIV-3 foi capaz de amplificar um fragmento de 1009 bp do gene da HN de amostras de PIV-3 isoladas de bovinos e humanos, possibilitando a sua utilização em diagnóstico e em estudos epidemiológicos. / There are several published studies on the application of different immunological methods for diagnosis of respiratory infections caused by bovine type 3 Parainfluenza virus (bPIV-3). However, the literature on viral isolation procedure is very scarce. At present there is no report about the utilization of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for bPIV-3 detection. The aim of this study was to contribute to a better caracterization of bovine type 3 Parainfluenza virus by developing RT-PCR techniques to its detection. A reference sample (SF-4) and a sample of bPIV-3 isolated in Rio Grande do Sul (DIO sample) were used to develop RT-PCR techniques by amplification of different regions of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene (HN). After HN gene partial sequencing of DIO sample and sequence alignment, the results revealed 99% homology when compared to reference sample, 98% the 91% homology in relation to bPIV-3 samples previously published and 79% the 80% if compared to hPIV-3 samples. It was also developed a RT-PCR for amplification of a part of bPIV-3 and hPIV-3 NH gene. In optimization experiments, compared to viral isolation procedure, the RTPCR displayed a sensitivity of 140 DICC50, good specificity and reproductibility. Results after sequencing of bPIV-3 sample isolated in RS displayed strong homology with those of bPIV-3 tested samples, specially the reference sample. Data obtained in this study showed that the RT-PCR technique developed for PIV- 3 detection was able to amplify an 1009 bp HN gene fragment of bovine and human PIV-3 samples which enables its utilization in diagnostic and epidemiological studies.

Introdução: A Leucemia Mielóide Aguda (LMA) é uma neoplasia complexa e heterogênea do tecido hematopoético, causada por mutações, desregulação da expressão gênica e modificações epigenéticas. Vários marcadores moleculares têm sido descritos para LMA, auxiliando a estratificação dos pacientes em grupos de risco. Recentemente, mutações em DNMT3A foram identificadas em 22.1% dos pacientes com LMA, estando independentemente associadas com pior prognóstico. Objetivos: Determinar a freqüência de mutações somáticas no gene DNMT3A e principais translocações cromossômicas em uma amostra de pacientes com LMA, correlacionando com dados clínicos Métodos: Foram pesquisadas, em 82 amostras de medula óssea de portadores de LMA atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, para mutações somáticas no gene DNMT3A por seqüenciamento e principais transcritos de fusão por RT-PCR. Resultados: A freqüência de mutações no gene DNMT3A foi de 8%(6) sendo 3 do tipo R882H. A freqüência relativa dos transcritos de fusão oriundos das translocações t(8;21), t(15;17), t(9;11) e inv16, respectivamente foram: 6,1%(5), 14,6% (12), 0%(0) e 2,4%(2). Conclusão: A descoberta de mutações recorrentes no gene DNMT3A e sua possível implicação prognóstica pode ser um instrumento valioso para a tomada de decisões terapêuticas. Que nos conste, este é o primeiro estudo sobre a presença de mutações somáticas do gene DNMT3A em portadores de LMA no Brasil. Embora em uma amostra relativamente pequena, a freqüência encontrada destas mutações foi inferior à relatada para pacientes caucasianos, sugerindo uma possível variação etnico-geográfica. / Introduction: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a complex and heterogeneous neoplasm hematopoietic tissue, caused by mutations, dysregulation of gene expression and epigenetic modifications. Several molecular markers have been described for AML, helping to classify patients into risk groups. Recently, mutations in DNMT3A were identified in 22.1% of patients with AML and these independently associated with poor prognosis. Aims: Determine the frequency of somatic mutations in the gene DNMT3A and major chromosomal translocations in a sample of patients with AML, correlating with clinical data. Methods: We investigated in 82 samples of bone marrow or peripheral blood of patients with AML treated at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil, for somatic mutations in DNMT3A gene by sequencing and major fusion transcripts by RT-PCR. Results: The frequency of mutations in the DNMT3A gene was 8%(6) 3 being type R882H. The relative frequency of fusion transcripts arising from translocation t(8;21), t(15;17), t(9;11) and inv16, respectively were: 6,1%(5), 14,6% (12), 0%(0) and 2,4%(2). Conclusion: The discovery of recurrent mutations in the DNMT3A gene and its possible prognostic implications can be a valuable tool for making treatment decisions. From what we have recorded, this is the first study on the presence of somatic mutations of the DNMT3A gene in patients with AML in Brazil. Although in a relatively small sample, the frequency of these mutations was found lower than that reported for Caucasian patients and similar to that observed in Asian patients, suggesting a possible ethno-geographic variation.

RIBEIRO, Eliana Matos.Isolamento e caracterização parcial dos Genes beta-actina e miosina de cadeia pesada do Camarão rosa Farfantepenaeus subtilis. 2009. 107f. Dissertação(Mestrado em Engenharia de Pesca) - Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2009. / Submitted by Maria Naires Souza (marianaires@ufc.br) on 2011-12-02T23:19:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009-dis-emribeiro.pdf: 1933705 bytes, checksum: a3df6513724ba614bd32cf3e837d1d16 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Nascimento(vieiraaline@yahoo.com.br) on 2011-12-08T12:07:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009-dis-emribeiro.pdf: 1933705 bytes, checksum: a3df6513724ba614bd32cf3e837d1d16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-12-08T12:07:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009-dis-emribeiro.pdf: 1933705 bytes, checksum: a3df6513724ba614bd32cf3e837d1d16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-04 / The penaeid shrimp Farfantepenaeus subtilis is an important native species for fisheries industry in Brazil. Among marine shrimps of commercial importance, penaeids are recognized as a valuable resource for fishery and aquaculture in tropical and subtropical regions. However, data on these species is extremely reduced, especially concerning genetic elements involved in animal muscle growth. Therefore, aiming at identifying shrimp genes directly associated with muscle contraction in this research, beta-actin and myosin heavy chain genes of the pink shrimp F. subtilis were isolated from its muscular abdominal and partially sequenced. Shrimps collected from Pacoti estuary, Ceará, were first identified through taxonomy and, then, through DNA amplification followed by sequencing of Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S. From fresh shrimp tissues, total RNA was extracted and complementary cDNA was obtained. Based on specific primers designed after sequence alignments performed against sequences at GenBank/NCBI, genes were amplified from RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase - polimerase chain reaction) and sequenced. A 760bp partial F. subtilis beta-actin cDNA fragment was obtained, while the partial F. subtilis myosin heavy chain cDNA was 570bp long. Sequence analyses using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) program indicated that F. subtilis beta-actin gene product is very similar to betaactin of other species of shrimps, while the myosin heavy chain protein is highly homologous to crustacean myosins heavy chain, confirming the identity of the isolated gene sequences. Alignment of these gene sequences with other sequences in GenBank showed high similarity with Penaeus monodon (93%) and Farfantepenaeus paulensis (88%). Results have showed the feasibility of partial gene identification as a means to identify genes of strategic interest. These data would help further attempts to elucidate the complete isolation of these genes, as well as the detection of other important genes, especially from shrimp species occurring at the Brazilian coast. Genes analyses involved with muscle growth might provide important genetic information on native species that are overexploited and may be viable for the shrimp cultivation. In addition, these data might also benefit the scientific community, improving a range of research areas such as physiology, phylogeny and evolution of penaeids / O camarão peneídeo Farfantepenaeus subtilis é uma importante espécie nativa do litoral nordestino que possui uma grande ocorrência na pesca. Dentre os camarões marinhos de importância comercial, os peneídeos se destacam por constituírem um valioso recurso para pesca e aqüicultura em regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Entretanto, a disponibilidade de informações sobre essas espécies é bastante escassa, principalmente em relação à estrutura genética que atua no crescimento muscular desses animais. Tendo como objetivo identificar genes envolvidos na contração muscular de camarões, neste trabalho foram parcialmente isolados e seqüenciados os genes de betaactina e miosina de cadeia pesada do camarão rosa F. subtilis, a partir do cDNA do músculo abdominal. Para tanto, camarões coletados no estuário do rio Pacoti, estado do Ceará, foram inicialmente identificados taxonomicamente e, depois através de amplificação de DNA seguida por sequenciamento das regiões citocromo oxidase subunidade I (COI) e 16S. Utilizando-se os tecidos frescos dos camarões, foi extraído o RNA total e foram obtidos os respectivos DNAs complementares (cDNAs). Baseado na construção de primers específicos a partir do alinhamento entre sequências descritas no Genbank/NCBI, os genes foram isolados por meio de RT-PCR (Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase através da transcriptase reversa) e seqüenciados. Foi obtido um fragmento parcial de 760 pares de base para o cDNA de beta-actina e para o cDNA de miosina de cadeia pesada foi obtido um fragmento de 570 pares de base. Análises das sequências realizadas pela ferramenta BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) revelaram alta similaridade com outras beta-actinas e miosinas de camarões, confirmando a identidade das sequências genéticas isoladas. Como resultado do alinhamento pareado entre as sequências desses genes obtidos no trabalho com as de outras espécies presentes no GenBank, pôde-se observar que as maiores similaridades foram com Penaeus monodon (93%) e com Farfantepenaeus paulensis (88%). Os resultados obtidos neste estudo demonstraram a viabilidade da metodologia utilizada na identificação de genes relacionados com características importantes. Esses dados irão facilitar o isolamento completo das sequências desses genes, além de contribuir para incentivar a identificação de outros genes importantes em camarões, principalmente os nativos do Brasil. Análise de genes que atuam desenvolvimento do tecido muscular do animal poderá fornecer informações genéticas importantes acerca de uma espécie nativa que está sendo superexplorada e que poderá ser viável para cultivo. Outrossim, esses dados beneficiarão a comunidade científica, servindo como base para estudos de fisiologia, filogenia e evolução em peneídeos

Submitted by Nathália Faria da Silva (nathaliafsilva.ufv@gmail.com) on 2017-06-19T11:33:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 resumo.pdf: 14552 bytes, checksum: c7feb5483902e97430fd0ecfd37fc98b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-19T11:33:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 resumo.pdf: 14552 bytes, checksum: c7feb5483902e97430fd0ecfd37fc98b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-03-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O vírus da doença infecciosa bursal é um importante agente patogênico de aves e desde 1962 tem estado relacionado com grandes prejuízos econômicos. Ainda hoje não foi estabelecido um protocolo de vacinação realmente eficiente e falhas na imunização das aves são geralmente descritas. Os motivos dessas falhas vem sendo pesquisados e as causas alegadas são desde o surgimento de cepas patogênicas por mutações na região do gene que codifica para a VP2, uso mal assessorado de vacinas pouco atenuadas e a reversão vacinal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar e comparar a patogenicidade de isolados de campo com a de cepas vacinais. Foram testadas 21 amostras de bursa que foram submetidas à Unidade de Sanidade Avícola da Universidade Federal de Viçosa com suspeita de doença infecciosa bursal e três amostras vacinais. O isolamento viral foi realizado em células VERO, sendo o vírus isolado de 14,28% (3/21) das amostras de campo e de todas as amostras vacinais. As amostras foram padronizadas pela habilidade de provocar efeito patogênico em cultivo celular e foram inoculadas em ovos embrionados de 10 dias de idade. Amostras de fígado, rins, bursa, baço e intestino de cada um dos embriões foram coletadas durante 8 dias e as alterações macroscópicas avaliadas. Metade de cada amostra coletada foi mantida à 4°C e metade foi fixada com formol 10%. As amostras fixadas foram processadas pelo método de inclusão em parafina, coradas com hematoxilina e eosina e as alterações microscópicas avaliadas. Das amostras mantidas a 4°C foi extraído o RNA total pelo método do TRIzol e testadas pela técnica de RT- PCR. Nas observações anatomopatológicas os embriões inoculados apresentavam tamanho reduzido quando comparado aos embriões controle e órgãos com lesões sugestivas de danos vasculares. Nas análises histopatológicas, os órgãos linfóides apresentaram pronunciada depleção linfóide, os hepátocitos vacuolização citoplasmática e os rins estruturas basófilas dentro de túbulos. No teste de RT-PCR foi possível detectar a presença do ácido nucléico viral em todos os tecidos, sendo que a distribuição tecidual dos isolados de campo foi maior quando comparada aos isolados vacinais. Esses resultados revelaram não haver grande diferença quando comparadas as lesões causadas pelos isolados de campo com as lesões causadas por algumas amostras vacinais. Porém há distintos padrões de distribuição em tecidos que poderia indicar uma variação na atenuação de algumas amostras vacinais. Esses resultados sugerem que as amostras vacinais podem causar lesões características da doença e que o uso de determinada cepa, mais ou menos invasiva, deve ser avaliada com cuidado pelo profissional no campo. / The infectious bursal disease virus is an important pathological agent of poultry and since 1962 it has been related to great economical losses. Until now, an efficient vaccination protocol has not been established and faults in poultry immunization are generally described. These faults motifs are being searched and various causes have been quoted, from the emergence of pathogenic strains by mutations in the gene responsible for coding VP2, to bad usage of vaccines attenuated for low passage and vaccinal reversion. The aim of this work was to examine and compare field isolates pathogenicity with vaccinal strains. Twenty-one bursa samples suspicious of infectious bursal disease submitted to Unidade de Sanidade Avícola da Universidade Federal de Viçosa and three vaccinal samples were tested. The viral isolation was accomplished in VERO cells, the virus was isolated in 14,28% (3/21) of field samples and in all vaccinal samples. The samples were standardized by its ability to provoke pathogenic effect in cellular culture and were inoculated in 10 days embryonic eggs. Liver, kidney, bursa, spleen and gut samples of each embryo were collected during 8 days and the macroscopic alterations evaluated. Half of each collected sample was stored at 4°C and the other half was fixed with 10% formol. The fixed samples were processed by paraffin xinclusion method, dyed with hematoxilin and eosin and the microscopic alterations evaluated. Total RNA extraction was performed on those samples stored at 4°C by TRIzol method and tested by RT-PCR technique. In anatomopathological observations inoculated embryos presented reduced size when compared to control embryos and organs with characteristics lesions of vascular injury. In histopathological analysis lymphoid organs presented an accentuated lymphoid depletion, hepatocytes presented citoplasmatic vacuolization and kidneys basophiles structures inside tubules. In RT-PCR test was possible to detect the presence of viral nucleic acid in each and every tissues, and the distribution of field isolates was larger when compared to vaccinal isolates. The results revealed that there is not much difference between lesions caused by field isolates with lesions caused by some of vaccinal samples. However, there are distinct distribution patterns in tissues that could indicate a variation on attenuation in some vaccinal samples. These results suggest that vaccinal samples could cause characteristics disease lesions and that the use of a determinate strain more or less invasive should be evaluated with care by the field professional.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:27:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 salles_r_me_jabo.pdf: 598083 bytes, checksum: 499f9c1f74412f0e6664ce1077b27a3c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a ocorrência de rotavírus do grupo A e a genotipagem G e P de estirpes detectadas em bezerros de rebanhos leiteiros e gado de corte, durante o período de julho de 2006 a setembro de 2008, em propriedades rurais do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram amostrados 395 bezerros, na faixa etária entre 1 e 60 dias, independentemente da manifestação clínica de diarréia, de 18 rebanhos bovinos, sendo nove de exploração leiteira e nove de gado de corte. Por meio da técnica de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (EGPA), determinou-se a ocorrência de rotavírus em 33,3% (06/18) entre os rebanhos e de 8,6% (34/395) na população amostrada. A maior freqüência de infecção foi detectada em animais com idade entre 16 e 30 dias (p < 0,01). Foram diagnosticados bezerros infectados por rotavírus tanto em animais com sinais clínicos de diarréia (22%;29/133) quanto naqueles clinicamente normais (1,9%;05/262), existindo, porém, uma correlação entre a presença da infecção e a manifestação clínica da diarréia (p<0,01). Em relação ao tipo de exploração, nos rebanhos leiteiros 0 percentual de ocorrência foi de 5,3% (14/264), enquanto que nos rebanhos de gado de corte o rotavírus teve maior ocorrência (15,3%; 20/131). A análise do perfil do genoma de rotavírus por EGPA identificou dois eletroferótipos distintos, cujas diferenças estavam localizadas na posição de migração dos segmentos 2, 3, 7, 8 e 9. A genotipagem pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase (RT-SNMPCR) das amostras de rotavírus revelou a que as estirpes circulantes nos rebanhos eram G6P[5], G10P[5], não foi possível fazer associação com o genotipo P[1]. / The present study aimed to determine the Group A rotavirus and G/P genotyping in detected virus strains in dairy and beef cattle calves from July 2006 to September 2008 in São Paulo State-Brazil farms. 395 calves in 18 flocks (9 dairy cattle and 9 beef cattle) from 1 to 60-day-old were sampled, independently whether manifesting clinically diarrhea or not. By using Poliacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Technique (PAGE), the rotavirus occurrence of 33.3% (06/18) among flocks and 8.6% (34/395) among the population sampled were determined. The higher infection frequency was detected in 16-to-30-day-old calves (P<0.01). Rotavirus-infected flocks rotavirus-infected were diagnosticated as much the ones having clinical symptoms of diarrhea (22%, 29/133) as the ones clinically normal (1.9%, 05/262), shawing a correlation between the presence of infection and the diarrhea manifestation (p<0.01). Related to the kind of exploration, the occurrence in dairy cattle was 5.3% (14/264) while in the beef cattle the occurrence was higher (15.3%, 20/131). The rotavirus genome profile analysis by PAGE identified two distinct electroferotypes, in which differences were located in the following segment migration positions: 2, 3, 7, 8 and 9. The genotyping of the Rotavirus sample by polymerase chain reaction (RT-snmPCR) revealed that the circulating strains among the flocks were G6P[5], G10P[5] e G?P[1].