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The compatibility of the rust fungus Puccinia carduorum Jacky with three biological control agents, Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer), rhinocvllus conicus Froelich, and Cassida rubiginosa Müller and their combined impact on must thistle, Carduus thoermeri Weinmann were studied. / Ph. D.

Since 2000, stripe rust, caused by the fungal pathogen (Puccinia striiformis Westend. f.sp. tritici Eriks.) has resulted in yield losses of wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) in the United States, that exceeded the combined losses of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) and stem rust (Puccinia gramins Pers.:Pers f. sp. Tritici Eriks. E. Henn.). The objectives of this study are to identify and map adult plant stripe rust resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) in soft red winter (SRW) wheat that are effective against race PST-100, which is the predominant race of the pathogen in the eastern U.S. Adult plant resistance (APR) was characterized in the resistant wheat lines "USG 3555", VA00W-38, and "Coker 9553". Resistance in each of the lines was evaluated in populations derived from crosses with susceptible lines "Neuse", Pioneer Brand "26R46", and VA01W-21, respectively. On chromosomes 1AS, 4BL, and 7D of USG 3555, QTL were identified that explain on average 12.8, 73.0, and 13.6 percent of the variation for stripe rust infection type (IT), and 13.5, 72.3, and 10.5 percent of the variation for stripe rust severity. A QTL from Neuse was identified on 3A that on average explains 10.9 percent of the variation for IT and 13.0 percent of the variation for severity. On chromosomes 2AS and 4BL of VA00W-38, QTL were identified that on average explain 58.9 and 19.3 percent of the variation for stripe rust IT, and 51.9 and 12.1 percent of the variation for severity. On chromosomes 6BL and 3BL of Pioneer 26R46, QTL were identified that on average explain 8.9 and 2.1 percent of the variation for IT and 11.7 and 3.9 percent of the variation for severity. Coker 9553 possesses the QTL on 4BL that is also present in USG 3555 and VA00W-38. The SSR markers, Xgwm296, Xbarc163, and Xwmc756 were tightly linked to QTL on chromosomes 2AS, 4BL, and 6BL, respectively, and their use and development of additional diagnostic markers will facilitate the incorporation and pyramiding of stripe rust resistance QTL into SRW wheat lines via marker-assisted selection. / Ph. D.

The objective of this investigation was to assign the genes for resistance to leaf rust Puccinia hordei Otth. race 4 in two varieties of barley to the correct chromosome pair by means of crossing with nine translocation stocks. The varieties Sudan (C.I.6489) and Reka 1 (C.I.5051) were crossed with the following translocation stocks: 5051-2 (a-b), 5059-5 (a-e), 5030-2 (b-d), 5034-2 (b-f), 5062-3 (b-g), 5038-2 (c-d), 5056-2 (c-e), 5053-6 (e-f), and 5057-1 (f-g). The F₁ plants from crosses of Sudan with all translocations and Reka with all translocations were tested for rust reaction and found to be resistant. Examination of the mature pollen showed that the F₁’s were partially sterile. In the crosses involving the variety Sudan with translocation stocks having interchanges of chromosomes a with e and c with e, the F₂ data indicated complete linkage. The common chromosome e must carry the gene for resistance. This is substantiated by crosses involving translocations of a with other chromosomes and c with others, which showed independent assortment. In the crosses involving the variety Reka with translocation stocks having interchanges of chromosomes b with f and e with f, the F₂ data indicate that in Reka, the gene for resistance is linked with chromosome f. This is substantiated by crosses involving translocations of b with other chromosomes and e with others, which showed independent assortment. The results obtained from the F₂ data of the crosses studied indicated that in the varieties Sudan and Reka reaction to leaf rust is conditioned by genes that are independent of each other. / Ph. D.

According to Kent Portney's seminal two-part study, cities across the U.S. are taking sustainability seriously by implementing a range of sustainable policies and programs. Yet by doing so, low-income people are seemingly pushed further into poverty. Local government officials and policymakers however, are urged to take sustainability seriously, often by well meaning constituencies that may but do not necessarily include the poor. They thus have significant interest in continuing to implement such practices and policies. This thesis seeks to address the problem of the impacts that result from cities taking sustainability seriously. I ask two main questions: are cities that take sustainability seriously experiencing a boost in economic growth? And are these cities potentially experiencing a negative side effect of a rise in poverty rates? The findings from these research questions are provided through a mixed methods approach, first by quantitative data analysis. Secondly, and to supplement this, the thesis provides a qualitative case study analysis of three U.S. cities in the 'Rust Belt' region. Cleveland, OH, Indianapolis, IN, and Milwaukee, WI all 'take sustainability seriously' while addressing the problems of economic development and poverty. I conclude that these cities are hindered in their efforts to take sustainability, economic development and poverty seriously. The three cities have boosted local economic growth yet also experience an increase in poverty as a result of the economic recession of 2007-'08. The primary hindrance experienced by the cities is state level jurisdictional authority, exercised as 'neoliberalism' that undermines 'interventionist' efforts on the part of city governments to 'seriously' address sustainability, growth and poverty as interwoven problems. / Master of Arts

According to research, software security vulnerabilities most often stem from memory related issues. These memory issues are mitigated in many programming languages, but often at the cost of performance. Rust, however, is a programming language which addresses these memory issues without significant losses in performance. Leveraging this strength, an Application Programming Interface (API) for interacting with Mimer SQL databases was developed in Rust. As there is no standard for writing database APIs in Rust, inspiration was drawn from other Rust APIs for relational database management systems to ensure similar functionality. The development process involved three main steps: stakeholder requirement specification, system design and implementation, and testing and evaluation. Stakeholder requirements were identified collaboratively to ensure alignment between user needs and API functionality. The system design consists of two libraries: the “FFI Library”, facilitating interaction with the Mimer SQL C API, and the “API library”, providing a user-friendly interface for Rust developers. Key features include connection management, statement preparation, cursor handling, and transaction support. Testing methodologies include unit and integration testing, performance benchmarking against the C API, and consideration for memory safety. The resulting API demonstrates performance parity with the C API and adherence to Rust conventions. / Enligt forskning beror säkerhetsbrister i programvara oftast på minnesrelaterade problem. Dessa minnesproblem motverkas i många programmeringsspråk, men ofta på bekostnad av prestanda. Rust är dock ett programmeringsspråk som åtgärdar dessa minnesproblem utan betydande prestandaförluster. Genom att utnyttja denna styrka utvecklades ett applikationsprogrammeringsgränssnitt (API) för att interagera med Mimer SQL-databaser i Rust. Eftersom det inte finns någon standard för att skriva databas-API:er i Rust hämtades inspiration från andra Rust-API:er för relationsdatabaser för att säkerställa liknande funktionalitet. Utvecklingsprocessen innefattade tre huvudsteg: specifikation av intressentkrav, systemdesign och implementering samt testning och utvärdering. Intressentkraven identifierades genom samarbete för att säkerställa överensstämmelse mellan användarbehov och API-funktionalitet. Systemdesignen består av två bibliotek: “FFI-biblioteket”, som erbjuder interaktionen med Mimer SQL C API:t, och “API-biblioteket”, som erbjuder ett användarvänligt gränssnitt för Rust-utvecklare. Nyckelfunktioner inkluderar anslutningshantering, validering av SQL-satser, iterering över resultatset och transaktionsstöd. Testmetoderna omfattar enhets- och integrationstester, prestandajämförelser med C API:t och testning av minnessäkerhet. Det resulterande API:t visar prestandaparitet med C API:t och följer konventioner i Rust.

3 pp. / Mondell pine should not be planted within a mile of Comandra populations. Infection of pine occurs through needles by spores produced on Comandra, but spores produced on pine cannot re-infect pine. This article gives information about the disease cycle, the symptoms and prevention and control methods for blister rust.

The aim of the thesis is evaluation of occurence of rusts on the selected types of grass, their specific diagnosis and valorization of their influence on the important agricultural qualities. The experiment was carried out in a cooperation with SS Větrov. In a two-year period (in 2009 and 2010) the samples of infested plants, which were subsequently evaluated microscopically, were taken. The ascertained results were processed through the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Independent Group T-Test. In 2009 and 2010 the occurrence of stem rust on the tested types of grass was significantly higher than occurence of crown rust. From the total number of 513 tests stem rust was found in 353 cases, whereas crown rust was found only in 103 cases. In 27 samples the occurrence of both types of rusts was found and there was no occurence found on the rest of the plants. The results show that in our climatic conditions stem rust becomes the most frequent pathogen which causes rustiness of grass. In 2010 the results of turf experiments proved that the selection of genotype of perenne reygrass with a lower infestation by stem rust had a positive impact on health conditions and better appearance of the offspring of the selected plans. Effectivenes of selection was confirmed. Among the tested materials there were chosen very predisposed genotypes which could be useful as the infectious material in the planned greenhouse tests for the resistance against rusts. Currently, we have also been abble to recognize the genotypes which are relatively resistant against particular rusts. If their resistance is confirmed in the following period, they might be used as donors of resistance in xenogamy and as immune standards in tests. The introduced results from the first stage of cooperation are only preliminary and it will be necessary to verify them at the following stages.