Hostile architecture is a medium through which social exclusion is enacted in the public and common areas of our cities. By limiting who is allowed to occupy space, and how they may do so, it functions to define the contours of inclusion in urban space-- all of which is predicated on one’s engagement with the zones of consumerism that have overtaken the cities’ commons. As a result, those without the means to partake are pushed aside, despite the inner-cities’ historical relationships with the poor, unhoused, and marginalized. The purpose of this study is to explore how lived experiences and knowledge of discriminatory architecture can inform a sociological analysis of hostile architecture. By exploring hostile architecture in Calgary, this thesis addresses a specific question: How do people with lived experience of homelessness understand hostile architecture? Through Community-Based Participatory Research and Photovoice, this question is addressed through collaboration with community members with lived experience of homelessness. Collectively, we conclude that those with lived experiences of homelessness understand hostile architecture in a multitude of ways. Amongst these understandings is the notion that hostile architecture not only excludes and displaces the unhoused and marginalized, but that it is also part and parcel of the wider range of hostilities against those experiencing homeless. One key theoretical concept grounds the research. Henri Lefebvre’s ‘Right to the City’ is used as a starting point in discussing what an equitable city might look like. I maintain that the lived experiences and knowledge held by those with experiences of homelessness can sensitize the public, and inform regional and national policymakers about this exclusionary mechanism. / Graduate

abstract: The utopian impulse represents hope for another world; a reflection of the injustices inherent to the hegemonic order that are understood as natural, necessary, desirable, and unchangeable. Those who challenge this orthodoxy are heretical utopians; pioneers of the counterintuitive who explore the types of relations that rather than reproduce the dominant order, shatter it, and manifest new ones based upon principles of justice. This project explores how ideological mechanisms of control embedded within the hegemonic fascist imaginary landscape of the United States render the visions of emancipatory social movements, that challenge dominant ways of knowing and being, as the "merely utopian" so as to instrumentalize the behavior of civil-society towards the maintenance of the established social order and the suppression of alternatives (Gordon 2004). In a rapidly changing world reeling under the pressures of late-stage capitalism, it is essential for those who value social and political justice to incessantly cultivate the cultural imaginary so as to shift the boundaries of what types of social relations are possible, feasible, and desirable through the process of struggle in heretical spaces. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Justice Studies 2015

Esta tese desenvolve uma pesquisa em torno do lugar da psicanálise no pensamento filosófico e político de Cornelius Castoriadis (1922-1997), sobretudo relativa à segunda etapa de sua obra a partir de 1968. Investiga e discute em particular duas hipóteses: 1. A função paradigmática da psicanálise (teoria e prática) foi constitutiva para a formulação da concepção de sujeito e, portanto, de autonomia conceito que foi adquirindo papel progressivamente central na obra castoridiana. 2. O modelo de sujeito que emerge dessa reflexão é sui generis, distinto das filosofias da segunda metade do Século XX, e representa uma virada conceitual que remete ao futuro da filosofia. Examina ainda, ao longo do texto, o processo de articulação entre a psicanálise e as idéias-mãe de Castoriadis: imaginação radical, criação, significações imaginárias sociais, imaginário social instituinte, etc. Como conclusão, tenta elucidar algumas conseqüências dessa virada nas esferas política, histórico-social, institucional e mesmo psíquica. / The present thesis develops a research concerned with the position of psychoanalysis within the boundaries of the philosophical and political thought of Cornelius Castoriadis (1922-1975), conferring a particular emphasis on the second stage of his work initiated in 1968. The framework investigates and discusses especially two hypotheses: 1. The paradigmatic function of psychoanalysis (theory and practice) with has been constitutive viewing the formulation of the subject conception and therefore comprises the statement of autonomy -- concept that progressively acquired a central role in the castoridian body of work. 2. The model of subject - that arises stemmed by this reflection results sui generis, for it distinct from the prevailing philosophies of the second half of the twentieth century and represents a conceptual turning point that conducts to consider and regard the future of philosophy. Throughout the text there is also the inspection of the articulation process between psychoanalysis and Castoriadis mother ideas, namely: radical imagination, creation, social imaginary significations, social imaginary institutor, etc. As for conclusion, the text attempts to clarify some consequences derived from this turning point considering the context of political, sociohistorical institutional and even psychic scopes.

Esta tese desenvolve uma pesquisa em torno do lugar da psicanálise no pensamento filosófico e político de Cornelius Castoriadis (1922-1997), sobretudo relativa à segunda etapa de sua obra a partir de 1968. Investiga e discute em particular duas hipóteses: 1. A função paradigmática da psicanálise (teoria e prática) foi constitutiva para a formulação da concepção de sujeito e, portanto, de autonomia conceito que foi adquirindo papel progressivamente central na obra castoridiana. 2. O modelo de sujeito que emerge dessa reflexão é sui generis, distinto das filosofias da segunda metade do Século XX, e representa uma virada conceitual que remete ao futuro da filosofia. Examina ainda, ao longo do texto, o processo de articulação entre a psicanálise e as idéias-mãe de Castoriadis: imaginação radical, criação, significações imaginárias sociais, imaginário social instituinte, etc. Como conclusão, tenta elucidar algumas conseqüências dessa virada nas esferas política, histórico-social, institucional e mesmo psíquica. / The present thesis develops a research concerned with the position of psychoanalysis within the boundaries of the philosophical and political thought of Cornelius Castoriadis (1922-1975), conferring a particular emphasis on the second stage of his work initiated in 1968. The framework investigates and discusses especially two hypotheses: 1. The paradigmatic function of psychoanalysis (theory and practice) with has been constitutive viewing the formulation of the subject conception and therefore comprises the statement of autonomy -- concept that progressively acquired a central role in the castoridian body of work. 2. The model of subject - that arises stemmed by this reflection results sui generis, for it distinct from the prevailing philosophies of the second half of the twentieth century and represents a conceptual turning point that conducts to consider and regard the future of philosophy. Throughout the text there is also the inspection of the articulation process between psychoanalysis and Castoriadis mother ideas, namely: radical imagination, creation, social imaginary significations, social imaginary institutor, etc. As for conclusion, the text attempts to clarify some consequences derived from this turning point considering the context of political, sociohistorical institutional and even psychic scopes.