Orientador: Marla Andreia Garcia de Avila / Coorientador: Magda Cristina Queiroz Dell'Acqua / Banca: Marla Andréia Garcia de Avila / Banca: Silvia Caldeira / Banca: Maria Belén Salazar Posso / Resumo: As metodologias ativas e os métodos inovadores de ensino-aprendizagem mostram uma movimentação do ensinar para o aprender e o desvio do foco do docente para o aluno, que assume a corresponsabilidade pelo seu aprendizado. A Aprendizagem Baseada em Equipes (ABE) é uma ferramenta relativamente nova, baseada em equipes, construtivismo, raciocínio aprofundado e no pensamento crítico. Objetivo. Analisar após 30 dias a apreensão do conhecimento em segurança cirúrgica em alunos de um curso de graduação em enfermagem, comparando aula expositiva dialogada presencial à aula com a utilização da ABE; Elaborar um produto e validar esse vídeo educativo direcionado aos professores do ensino superior. Método. O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas, (entre os meses de janeiro a março de 2017). A primeira, um ensaio clínico randomizado, desenvolvido na Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", na Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem junto à Disciplina de Enfermagem em Centro Cirúrgico. A amostra foram os alunos regularmente matriculados no 3º ano de graduação em enfermagem da disciplina. Foram randomizados em dois grupos, um com 14 alunos para intervenção experimental (ABE) e outro com 14 alunos para o grupo controle (aula expositiva dialogada). O desfecho primário foi a apreensão do conhecimento, após 30 dias da realização das aulas, comparando-se os grupos. A segunda etapa consistiu em uma pesquisa metodológica, de caráter descr... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: As active methodologies and innovative teaching-learning methods, they show a move from teaching to learning and diverting the focus from the teacher to the student, who takes on a correspondence for their learning. Team-Based Learning (TBL) is a relatively new solution in equipment, constructivism, in-depth reasoning, and critical thinking. Objective. To analyze after 30 days the knowledge acquisition in surgical safety in students of a nursing undergraduate course, comparing the classroom with the use of TBL; Elaborate a product and validate this educational video directed to teachers of higher education. Method. The study was carried out in two stages (between January and March 2017). The first, a randomized clinical trial, developed at the Paulista State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", at the Faculty of Medicine of Botucatu, Undergraduate Degree following the course of Nursing in the Operating Room. A sample of the students regularly enrolled in the 3rd year of undergraduate nursing in the discipline. They were randomized into two groups, one with 14 students for the experimental intervention (TBL) and the other with 14 students for the control group (expository class). The primary endpoint was a knowledge seizure, 30 days after the classes, comparing the groups. The available information notice, technical description, categorized development, and no level and validation of an instrument warning, by our available numerical instrument powder. Th... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

No description available.

Background: The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of the Healthy Lifestyles Program (HLP), a novel 12-month complex intervention based in cognitive behavioural therapy and theories of behavioural change, delivered in a community-based setting in Hamilton, Canada. The secondary objective was to explore implementation factors. Methods/ design: A pragmatic pilot randomised controlled trial using quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods. Participants were randomly allocated to either intervention group (n=15) or comparator group (n=15). The intervention group attended weekly group education sessions and met in-person with a healthcare team monthly to create personalized health goals and action plans. The comparator group met with a research assistant every three months to develop health goals and action plans. We assessed feasibility of the program by measuring recruitment, participation and retention rates, missing data, and attendance. All participant-directed and clinical outcome measures were analyzed for between and within group changes using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). Content analysis was conducted for qualitative data. Results: We recruited and randomized 30 participants to each group (n=15) within 3 months. Retention rate was 60% (9/15) for the intervention group and 47% (7/15) for the comparator group. Less than 1% of participant-directed and clinical outcomes were missing. Participants attended an average of 29 of 43 educational sessions and 100% of one-to-one sessions. The healthcare team valued the program’s holistic approach to care, increased time and interaction with participants, professional collaboration, and the ability to provide counselling and health supports. Location accessibility was an important factor facilitating implementation. Reducing the number of psycho-social education sessions and having access to a gym could improve retention and delivery of the program. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the feasibility of the HLP with minor modifications recommended for a larger trial and for the intervention. / Thesis / Master of Public Health (MPH) / Rates of chronic physical and mental health illness are rising in Canada. Lifestyle or behavioural changes can prevent or manage chronic diseases. The aim of this pilot study is to test the feasibility of delivering a 12-month Healthy Lifestyles Program to participants in Hamilton, Canada. The Healthy Lifestyles Program is a complex intervention designed to help participants identify health goals and action plans to achieve those goals with the guidance of healthcare professionals. We observed that the program was successfully delivered, accepted by participants and staff and required minor changes to the study design for a scaled-up study. The program showed positive trends for improving goal attainment, depression, and loneliness scores. The results of this study will help inform the design and scale-up of a larger study.

The effect of coffee and cocoa on oxidative damage to macromolecules has been investigated in several studies, often with controversial results. This study aimed to investigate the effect of one-month consumption of different doses of coffee or cocoa-based products containing coffee on markers of DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in young healthy volunteers. Twenty-one volunteers were randomly assigned into a three-arm, crossover, randomized trial. Subjects were assigned to consume one of the three following treatments: one cup of espresso coffee/day (1C), three cups of espresso coffee/day (3C), and one cup of espresso coffee plus two cocoa-based products containing coffee (PC) twice per day for 1 month. At the end of each treatment, blood samples were collected for the analysis of endogenous and H2O2-induced DNA damage and DNA oxidation catabolites, while urines were used for the analysis of oxylipins. On the whole, four DNA catabolites (cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), 8-OH-2′-deoxy-guanosine, 8-OH-guanine, and 8-NO2-cGMP) were detected in plasma samples following the one-month intervention. No significant modulation of DNA and lipid damage markers was documented among groups, apart from an effect of time for DNA strand breaks and some markers of lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, the consumption of coffee and cocoa-based confectionery containing coffee was apparently not able to affect oxidative stress markers. More studies are encouraged to better explain the findings obtained and to understand the impact of different dosages of these products on specific target groups.

No description available.

Background: The standard of care for mediastinal staging during endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is Systematic Sampling (SS) where a minimum of 3 lymph node (LN) stations are biopsied, even if they appear normal on imaging. When LNs appear normal on PET and CT, the Canada Lymph Node Score can also identify if they appear normal on EBUS. For these Triple Normal LNs, the pretest probability of malignancy is < 6%, and routine biopsy may not be required. This preliminary study introduced Selective Targeted Sampling (STS), which omits biopsy of Triple Normal LNs and compared it firsthand to SS. Methods: A prospective, feasibility RCT was conducted to determine whether the progression of a definitive trial was warranted. Primary outcomes and their progression criterium were recruitment rate (70% acceptable minimum); procedure length (no overlap between sampling methods’ 95%CIs); and missed nodal metastasis (overlap between sampling methods’ diagnostic accuracy 95%CIs and crossing of the null for the percent difference in diagnosis). cN0-N1 NSCLC patients undergoing EBUS were randomized to the STS or SS arm. Patients in the STS arm were then crossed over to the SS arm to receive standard of care. Wilson’s CI method and McNemar’s test of paired proportions were used for statistical comparison. Surgical pathology was the reference standard. Results: Thirty-eight patients met the eligibility criteria, and all were recruited (100%; 95%CI: 90.82 to 100.00%). The median procedure lengths, in minutes, for STS and SS were 3.07 (95%CI: 2.33 to 5.52) and 19.07 (95%CI: 15.34 to 20.05) respectively. STS had a diagnostic accuracy of 100% (95%CI: 74.65% to 100.00%), whereas SS was 93.75% (95%CI: 67.71% to 99.67%) with the inclusion of inconclusive results. Percent difference in diagnosis between sampling method was 5.35% (95%CI: -0.54% to 11.25%). Conclusion: With the progression criteria successfully met, a subsequent multicentered, non-inferiority crossover trial comparing STS to SS is warranted. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / Before deciding on treatment for patients with lung cancer, a critical step in the investigations is finding out whether the lymph nodes in the chest contain cancer. This is best done with a needle that biopsies those lymph nodes through the walls of the airway, known as endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration. Guidelines require that every lymph node in the chest be biopsied through a process called Systematic Sampling. However, new research has suggested that some lymph nodes may not need a biopsy. These lymph nodes are ones with a very low chance of cancer, based on their imaging tests. In this study, Selective Targeted Sampling was introduced whereby lymph nodes that appeared normal were not initially biopsied. The study followed a feasibility design, which proved sufficient patient interest, adequate safety and possible benefits in pursuing a larger trial comparing Selective Targeted Sampling to Systematic Sampling.

Background: Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are both common disorders with a number of negative health effects. The safety and efficacy of treating snoring and OSA surgically have been questioned and there has been a lack of studies in the field. Aims: 1) To investigate the frequency of serious complications, including death, after surgery for the treatment of snoring and sleep apnea; 2) to evaluate the effect on daytime sleepiness after radiofrequency surgery of the soft palate in snoring men with mild or no OSA; 3) to evaluate the effect of tonsillectomy on sleep apnea in adults with OSA and tonsillar hypertrophy; 4) to investigate the morphology and cytoarchitecture of muscle fibers in human soft palatal muscles with immunohistochemical and morphological techniques. Methods and results: In paper 1, a retrospective database study. All Swedish adults who were treated surgically because of snoring or OSA from January 1997 to December 2005 were identified in the National Patient Register. None of the surgically treated patients died in the peri- and postoperative period. Severe complications were recorded in 37.1 of 1,000 patients treated with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), in 5.6 of 1,000 patients after uvulopalatoplasty (UPP) and in 8.8 of 1,000 patients after nasal surgery. In paper 2, the study was designed as a randomized, controlled trial. 35 snoring men with mild or no OSA were randomized to either radiofrequency or sham surgery of the soft palate. Radiofrequency surgery was not found to be effective since there was no significant difference between the two groups in relation to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) or apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) at follow-up. Paper 3 was a prospective study, including 28 patients with an AHI of &gt;10 and with large tonsils. In these patients, tonsillectomy was an effective treatment for OSA; the mean AHI was reduced from 40 units/h to 7 units/h (p&lt;0.001), and the mean ESS was reduced from 10.1 to 6.0 (p&lt;0.001) at the six-month follow-up after surgery. Minor and moderate swallowing dysfunction was found in seven of eight patients investigated before surgery and the swallowing function improved in 5 of them after surgery, while no one deteriorated. In paper 4, we investigated the morphology and cytoarchitecture in normal soft palate muscles. Human limb muscles were used as reference. The findings showed that the soft palate muscle fibers have a cytoskeletal architecture and cellmembrane complex that differs from that of the limb muscles. Conclusions No case of death related to surgery was found among 4,876 patients treated with UPPP, UPP or nasal surgery for snoring or OSA in Sweden between 1997 and 2005. Radiofrequency surgery of the soft palate has no effect on daytime sleepiness, snoring or apnea frequency in snoring men with mild or no OSA. Tonsillectomy can be an effective treatment for OSA in adults with large tonsils. A subgroup of muscle fibers in the human soft palate appears to have special biomechanical properties and their unique cytoarchitecture must be taken into account while assessing function and pathology in oropharyngeal muscles. / Snarkning och obstruktiv sömnapné (OSA) är idag en global folksjukdom. Snarkning är det ”oljud” som uppstår när luftvägen under sömn förminskas och vävnaden börjar vibrera under andning. Vid obstruktiv sömnapné faller vävnaden samman och blockerar luftflödet till lungorna. Ett andningsuppehåll, en s.k. apné inträffar. Ett andningsuppehåll kan pågå allt ifrån några sekunder till mer än en minut och kan uppstå hundratals gånger per natt. För att klassificeras som en patologisk apné enligt internationell standard måste andningsuppehållet vara längre än 10 sek. Snarksjukdomen förvärras sannolikt över tid och övergår succesivt i obstruktiv sömnapné med ökande antal andningsuppehåll under sömn. Detta leder till ett stresspåslag för kroppen med oftast uttalad dagtrötthet och en mängd negativa hälsoeffekter. Snarksjukdom och sömnapné ökar risken för bl.a. högt blodtryck och hjärt-kärlsjukdom samt också för att den drabbade ska orsaka trafikolyckor på grund av försämrad koncentrationsförmåga och trötthet. En del av den negativa utvecklingen från snarkning till sömnapné anses bero på att snarkvibrationer kan ge neuromuskulära skador i gom och svalg. Dessa vävnadsskador anses också vara orsaken till att personer som snarkat länge ofta uppvisar störd sväljningsfunktion i form av felsväljning, där maten i uttalade fall hamnar i luftstrupen istället för i matstrupen. I dagsläget är förstahandsbehandling vid sömnapné CPAP, en mask som placeras över näsa och mun och som skapar ett övertryck i luftvägen vilket förhindrar att luftvägen faller samman och att andningsstopp uppstår. CPAP har enligt flera studier den bästa effekten mot andningsuppehåll. En annan vanlig behandling är en bettskena som för underkäken nedåt och framåt så att luftvägen bli mer öppen. Bettskenan är en vanlig och effektiv behandlingsmetod för personer utan kraftig övervikt vid vanemässig snarkning eller måttlig sömnapné. För ett tjugotal år sedan var kirurgi förstahandsmetoden vid behandling av snarkning och måttlig sömnapné. Man utförde då ofta operationer i svalg och gomm, s.k. gomplastiker. Bruket av kirurgisk behandling har dock minskat med tiden, dels p.g.a. biverkningar men också för att det saknades vetenskapliga studier som bevisade att kirurgin gav önskad och långsiktig effekt. Kirurgi utgör dock fortfarande ett komplement till behandling av snarkning och sömnapné när CPAP eller bettskena av olika skäl inte fungerar eller kan tolereras av patienten. 8 Även barn kan lida av snarkning och sömnapné men behandlingsprinciperna för barn skiljer sig från dem hos vuxna och berörs inte i avhandlingen. I denna avhandling studeras: i) biverkningsfrekvenser efter olika typer av snarkkirurgi, ii) effekten av radiovågsbehandling i mjuka gommen på vuxna män med snarkning, iii) effekten av att operera bort halsmandlarna på vuxna med sömnapné och stora halsmandlar, iv) muskelvävnadens struktur och molekylära uppbyggnad i mjuka gommen hos friska personer som inte snarkar. Avhandlingen består av fyra delstudier: 1. En registerstudie med kartläggning av svåra biverkningar efter kirurgi i form av uvulopalatopharyngoplastik, uvulupalatoplastik samt näskirurgi för behandling av sömnapné och snarkning och utfört i Sverige mellan åren 1997-2005. Studien omfattade 4 876 patienter. Inga dödsfall noterades. Komplikationsrisken var störst vid operationer där man tog bort delar av mjuka gommen samt halsmandlarna, där i snitt 37 av 1000 opererade fick biverkningar, framförallt p.g.a. infektioner eller blödningar. 2. I en prospektiv, randomiserad placebostudie utvärderades effekten av radiovågsbehandling i mjuka gommen vid snarkning och lindrig sömnapne. Trettiotvå patienter lottades till att få radiovågsbehandling eller placebo behandling. Patienterna visste inte vilken grupp de tillhörde. Vid uppföljning efter 12 månader var det inga statistiska belägg för att radiovågsbehandling minskade vare sig antal andningsuppehåll eller dagtrötthet. 3. Effekten av att ta bort halsmandlarna på patienter med stora halsmandlar och olika grad av sömnapné utvärderades i denna studie. Totalt deltog 28 patienter. Vid uppföljning 6 månader efter operationen hade antalet andningsuppehåll sjunkit drastiskt, från i snitt 40 till 7 andningsuppehåll per timme nattsömn. Inga allvarliga biverkningar uppstod. Dessa fynd talar för att man som förstahandsmetod ska erbjuda patienter med sömnapné och stora halsmandlar att ta bort halsmandlarna. 4. I detta projekt undersökte vi utseendet och uppbyggnaden av cellskelettet i två normala muskler i mjuka gommen hos friska personer utan känd snarkning och sömnapné. Muskler från armar och ben användes som referens. Fynden i studien visar att de normala muskelfibrernas uppbyggnad i mjuka gomen skiljer sig från jämförade muskler i armar och ben. Detta kan vara ett uttryck för en evolutionär utveckling för att möjligöra de komplexa funktioner som krävs av svalgets muskulatur. 9 Sammanfattningsvis kan vi konstatera: Att inga dödsfall har skett i Sverige efter operationer i gom, svalg eller näsa, utförda för att behandla snarkning och sömnapné under åren 1997 till 2005. Att radiovågsbehandling av mjuka gommen hos snarkande män med lindrig sömnapné inte har någon effekt på dagtrötthet, snarkning eller andningsuppehåll vid uppföljning efter 12 månader. Metoden kan därför inte rekommenderas. Att när man opererar bort stora halsmandlar på personer med andningsuppehåll så leder detta ofta till att andningsuppehållen minskar drastiskt. Metoden kan därför oftast rekommenderas som en förstahandsbehandling för denna patientgrupp. Att mjuka gommens muskelfibrer är uppbyggda på ett unikt sätt indikerar att deras specifika biomekaniska egenskaper skiljer sig från referens muskler i armar och ben.

The overall aim of this thesis was to gain new knowledge of factors and interventions that improve work ability and return to work (RTW) among women on long-term sick leave from human service organizations (HSOs). The specific aims of the studies were: to evaluate the associations between the self-rated Work Ability Index (WAI) and Work Ability Score (WAS), and the relationship with prospective sick leave, symptoms, and health (Paper I); to investigate whether intervention with myofeedback training or intensive muscular strength training could decrease pain and increase work ability among women with neck pain (Paper II); to examine the associations between workplace rehabilitation and the combination of supportive conditions at work with work ability and RTW over time (Paper III); and to explore experiences, views, and strategies in the rehabilitation process for RTW (Paper IV). This thesis is based on a prospective cohort study (n=324) and a randomized controlled study (RCT) (n=60, participants with neck pain). Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. The data collection consisted of questionnaires, laboratory-observed data, register-based data, and interviews. The results showed a very strong association between WAI and WAS, and results predicted future sick leave degree, health-related quality of life, vitality, neck pain, self-rated general health, self-rated mental health, behavioral stress, and current stress (Paper I). In the RCT (Paper II), individuals in the myofeedback intervention group increased their vitality and work ability over time and individuals in the intensive musculoskeletal strength training group increased their WAI, WAS, and mental health over time. WAI, WAS, and RTW increased over time among individuals provided with workplace rehabilitation and supportive conditions at work (Paper III) such as a sense of feeling welcome back at work, influence at work, possibilities for development, degree of freedom at work, meaning of work, quality of leadership, social support, sense of community, and work satisfaction. Women described (Paper IV) how they were striving to work and how they had different views, strategies, and approaches in the rehabilitation process for RTW. They expressed a desire to work, their goals for work, and their wishes for work. In the rehabilitation process for RTW they described their interaction with stakeholders as either controlling the interaction or struggling in the interaction. They described strategies to cope with RTW in terms of yo-yo (fluctuating) working: yo-yo working as a strategy or yo-yo working as a consequence. This thesis identifies factors of importance in improving work ability and RTW among women on long-term sick leave from HSOs. For women with neck pain, the intervention study showed feasibility of the intervention and demonstrated improved work ability and decreased pain (Paper II). The intensive muscular strength training program, which is easy for the individual to learn and perform at home, was associated with increased work ability. The results regarding rehabilitation highlight the importance of integrating workplace rehabilitation with supportive conditions at work to increase work ability and improve RTW (Paper III). Women expressed that they were striving to work and that they wanted to work (Paper IV). These women were “going in and out” of work participation (yo-yo working) as a way to handle the rehabilitation process. For assessing the status and progress of work ability among women on long-term sick leave, the single-question WAS may be used as a compliment to the full WAI as a simple indicator (Paper I). / <p>Akademisk avhandling som för avläggande av medicine doktorsexamen vid Sahlgrenska akademin, Göteborgs universitet, kommer att offentligen försvaras i hörsal Hamberger, Medicinaregatan 16 A, Göteborg, måndagen den 6 oktober 2014, klockan 09.00</p>

Objectif: La dépression est un problème fréquent chez les personnes atteintes de dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge (DMLA) et de rétinopathie diabétique (RD). Les antidépresseurs et les thérapies psychologiques sont souvent sous utilisés. Notre objectif était de déterminer si les outils d’auto-soins associés au support téléphonique limité pouvaient réduire les symptômes dépressifs. Méthodes: Un essai clinique randomisé à simple insu a été mené à l’Hôpital Maisonneuve Rosemont, Canada. Tous les patients éligibles étaient invités à participer à l’essai. Pour être éligibles, les participants devaient 1) avoir un diagnostic de DMLA avancée ou de RD, 2) au moins des symptômes dépressifs moyens et 3) une acuité visuelle meilleure que 20/200 dans leur meilleur oeil. Une moitié des participants était randomisée au bras d’intervention et l’autre moitié à l’intervention retardée/traitement usuel. L’intervention était composée d’outils audio et écrits en gros caractères, incluant des principes cognitifs comportementaux plus trois appels téléphoniques d’un coach d’une durée de 10 minutes chacun. Les données de suivi étaient collectées huit semaines plus tard, par téléphone. L’issu primaire était le changement de symptômes dépressifs à huit semaines, mesuré par le questionnaire sur la santé du patient, PHQ-9. Résultats: Quatre-vingts participants, âgés de 50 ans et plus ont été recrutés, dont 70 ayant des données complètes et 10 perdus de vue (12.5%). Le score moyen du iv PHQ-9 à l’inclusion était de 9.5 (SD=3.9) indiquant des symptômes dépressifs modérés. La réduction moyenne du score de PHQ-9 au terme du suivi était de 4.9 (SD=4.2) dans le groupe d’intervention et de 3.2 (SD=4.6) dans le groupe de traitement usuel, soit une différence intergroupe de 1.7 point (p=0.104). Après avoir contrôlé pour les disparités observées à l’inclusion notamment pour l’acuité visuel, l’utilisation des antidépresseurs et la participation à la psychothérapie, cette différence est passée de 1.7 à 2.3 et est devenue statistiquement significative (p=0.037). Soixante pourcent des participants du groupe d’intervention ont rapporté avoir utilisé les outils d’auto-soins au terme de l’étude ou de l’exploitation des données Conclusion: Les outils d’auto-soins accompagnés de support téléphonique conduisent à une petite amélioration des symptômes dépressifs chez les patients atteints de pathologies oculaires liées à l’âge. Des recherches additionnelles ciblant les meilleures stratégies pour soutenir les patients déprimés atteints de maladies oculaires liées à l’âge sont nécessaires. / Purpose: Depression is a common problem in people with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Antidepressants and psychotherapy are often underutilized. Our goal was to determine if self-care tools plus limited telephone support could reduce depressive symptoms. Methods: A single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital in Montreal, Canada. All eligible patients were invited to participate in the trial. To be eligible, participants must have had either late stage AMD or DR, at least mild depressive symptoms, and visual acuity better than 20/200 in their better eye. Half were randomized to the intervention arm and half to delayed intervention/usual care. The intervention consisted of large print written and audio tools incorporating cognitive-behavioral principles plus three 10-minute telephone calls from a coach. Eight-week follow-up data were collected by telephone. The primary outcome was the 8-week change in depressive symptoms as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Results: Eighty participants, aged 50 years and older, were recruited while 10 were lost to follow-up (12.5%) giving 70 with complete data, 35 in each group. The mean baseline PHQ-9 score was 9.5 out of 27 (SD=3.9) indicating moderate depressive symptoms. The average decrease in PHQ-9 scores over the 8 weeks was 4.9 (SD=4.2) in the intervention group and 3.2 (SD=4.6) in the usual care group, a 1.7 point difference (P=0.104). After adjusting for baseline imbalances in visual acuity, ii antidepressant use, and participation in psychotherapy, the difference increased from 1.7 to 2.3 and became statistically significant (p=0.037). Sixty percent of those in the intervention group reported having used the tools at the end of the study. Conclusions: Self-care tools plus telephone coaching led to a small improvement in depressive symptoms in patients with age-related eye disease. Additional research into the best way to support depressed patients with age-related eye disease is necessary.

Objetivo: investigar o efeito de intervenções com treinamento resistido sobre a força muscular e densidade mineral óssea nos sítios de maior ocorrência de fraturas relacionadas a osteoporose em mulheres no estágio de vida após a menopausa. Metodologia: estudo de atualização por meio de revisão sistemática de ensaios controlados randomizados e meta-análise nas bases de dados do Colégio Americano de Medicina Esportiva e da Biblioteca Cochrane no período compreendido entre os anos de 1985 e fevereiro de 2005. Resultados: foram encontrados vinte e seis estudos que atenderam os critérios de inclusão, realizados nos países Alemanha, Austrália, Áustria, Canadá, China, Estados Unidos, França, e Japão, com um total de 2300 mulheres com idades entre os 40 e 92 anos. Intervenções com treinamento resistido apresentaram resultados estatisticamente significantes sobre a força muscular e a densidade mineral óssea nos sítios vértebras lombares, fêmur (triângulo de Ward/trocanter) e quadril total. Conclusão: treinamento resistido mostrou ser capaz de prover estímulo para aumentar força muscular e formação óssea, influenciando os fatores de risco relacionados com osteoporose e quedas seguidas de fratura em mulheres no estágio de vida após a menopausa. / Objective: to investigate the effect of interventions with resistance training on muscular strength and bone mineral density in the sites of larger occurrence of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. Methodology: updating study through systematic review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis in the databases of the American College of Sports Medicine and the Cochrane Library was conducted from 1985 up to and including February 2005. Results: twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria from the Germany, Australia, Austria, Canada, China, United States, France and Japan, with a total of 2300 women aged 40 and 92 yrs. Interventions with resistance training showed results statistically significant on the muscular strength and bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, femur (Ward/ trochanter) and total hip. Conclusion: resistance training markedly influences osteoporotic risk factors concerning falls (muscular strength) and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.