This thesis is focused on unemployment in the district of Blansko. The theoretical part deals with to description of theoretical knowledge related to labour market, unemployment and state employment policy. The analytic part focuses on the statistical and graphical description of data concerning the current state of unemployment. The last part is devoted to proposals of solutions that could lead to a reduction in unemployment in this district.

We estimate a multivariate unobserved components stochastic volatility model to explain the dynamics of a panel of six exchange rates against the US Dollar. The empirical model is based on the assumption that both countries' monetary policy strategies may be well described by Taylor rules with a time-varying inflation target, a time-varying natural rate of unemployment, and interest rate smoothing. The estimates closely track major movements along with important time series properties of real and nominal exchange rates across all currencies considered. The model generally outperforms a benchmark model that does not account for changes in trend inflation and trend unemployment. (authors' abstract) / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

This thesis deals with current issues relating to the mortgage market. The aim of the thesis is to analyse factors which influence the mortgage market in the Czech Republic and to describe their influence on the quantities of mortgages within last 10 years (2002-2011). The theoretical part introduces basic concepts related to the mortgage market, the legislation and chosen factors that could have an influence on the quantities of mortgages. Among these factors were chosen GDP, the rate of unemployment, the inflation rate and the interest rate of mortgage loans. One part deals with mortgage crises which came into existence in the USA in 2007 and had an impact on economics of other countries. In practical part there is an introduction into development of chosen factors and then there is finding out whether these factors influence the quantity of mortgages.

The goal of my thesis "Development of economies of the Czech and Slovak Republic in the last twenty years" is not only to assess and compare the economic development of Czech and Slovak Republic in the last twenty years, but also outline the economy of Czechoslovakia as a whole to have an idea of the citations and the context of the time. I only compared the development in the two economies, then also in relation to the EU. I divided the whole work into three chapters according to the various stages of development in the Czech and Slovak economies. In the first chapter, I proceed from a brief description of Czechoslovakia, ie. its creation and subsequent development up to 1989, through the transformation of the economy, focusing on the initial state of the economy, the basic operations carried out and macroeconomic page of the transition itself, to the split of Czechoslovakia into two independent states. The following chapter focuses on the characteristics of a separate economic development of the Czech and Slovak Republic until 2004, when both countries joined the EU. The final chapter then deals with the European Union, the Maastricht criteria before joining the EU and development of the economies after the entry into the Union with regard to the entry of Slovakia into the eurozone.

This master’s thesis deals with the problem of unemployment and its development in the district of Trebic in years 2009 – 2013. The work is focused of finding the causes of unemployment through labor market analysis, especially structure of job seeker. Some solutions that can help to reduce unemployment rate in the district of Trebic result from the conducted analysis. These are presented in the conclusion of the thesis.

This thesis deals with motivation of long-term unemployed when looking for a job. It is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with basic overview of theories of motivation and motivation to work. It also defines basic concepts regarding long- term unemployment. In connection with the issue it describes a system of material poverty, unemployment and abuse of social benefits. The final chapter of this section is devoted to a summary of the theoretical part. The practical part of the work contains the results of a research. Qualitative method and semi- structured interviews with beneficiaries in material need were used for data acquisition. The aim of the research is to understand what factors influence the motivation of long-term unemployed when looking for a job and when trying to solve their social situation. Part of this section is the interpretation of the results of the research and its evaluation.

Baserat på SCBs statistiska mätningar, räknas ungefär var fjärde ungdom i åldersgruppen 15-24 år som arbetslös och är idag de som är högst representerad bland arbetslösa. Vägen in på arbetsmarknaden kan bli problematisk för den här åldersgruppen. Skäl som kan försvåra är avsaknad av meriter, låg utbildning och anseendet av att vara oförberedda för arbetslivet. De som är mest utsatta och svårast att matcha, är personer med en brokig bakgrund, med språksvårigheter, samt odiagnostiserade problem och inlärningssvårigheter. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka på vilket sätt handläggare på Arbetsförmedlingen i Borås arbetar med att få ut arbetslösa ungdomar på arbetsmarknaden. I uppsatsen undersöks även varför handläggarna tror att det finns en viss matchningsproblematik och varför en del arbetssökande ungdomar är svårare att få ut på arbetsmarknaden än andra. För att kunna besvara frågeställningarna har kvalitativa intervjuer hållits med tre anställda på Arbetsförmedlingen, samt fyra stycken arbetslösa ungdomar. Resultatet är att de anställda begränsas av regelverk och riktlinjer i sitt arbete för att kunna hjälpa sina kunder.  Den höga arbetslöshetsgraden beror på att studerande som söker extrainkomst räknas med i gruppen arbetssökande. Matchningsproblematik bidrar även till  arbetslöshetsgraden. Ungdomar med en avbruten grundskole- eller gymnasieutbildning, fysiska, samt psykiska problem gör dem svårare att matcha och nära intill icke anställningsbara. De ungdomar som var arbetssökande och inskrivna hos Arbetsförmedlingen hade en brokig bakgrund eller oavslutade studier. Slutsatsen i uppsatsen är att tidigare nämnda faktorer är en bidragande orsak till matchningsproblemet. En större del av ungdomarna som har den här typen av problem hade inte kommit till Arbetsförmedlingen tidigare. De hade istället förtidspensionerats, eller skrivits in hos en annan myndighet. I dagsläget släpper Arbetsförmedlingen in alla som registrerar sig hos dem, oavsett avstånd till arbetsmarknaden, som öppet arbetslösa. / Based on SCB’s statistical measurements, approximately one in every fourth youth between the ages of 15 to 24 is counted as unemployed and are today those that are the highest represented among the unemployed. The way into the Labour market can be a difficult one for this age group. Reasons that can obstruct are lack of merits, unsubstantial education and the general belief that they are unprepared for the working life. Those that are the most vulnerable and are the hardest to match are people with a dysfunctional background, linguistic difficulties, undiagnosed mental health issues and learning disabilities. The purpose of this essay is to examine how administrators at the Employment Agency in Borås work to get unemployed youths out on the Labour Market. This essay also examines why there are certain matching problems and why some youths are harder to get out on the Labour Market than others. To answer these questions, qualitative interviews have been held with three employees at the Employment Agency and four unemployed youths. In the results, the essay concludes that the high unemployed rate of youths, are because of students who seek an extra income that are included in the group of jobseekers. Matching problems are also a contributing factor to the high unemployment rate. Youths with an interrupted primary or secondary education and youths with physical and also mental issues are harder to match and make them near impossible to hire. The youths who were seeking employment and registered within the Employment Agency had a diverse background of unfinished studies and the conclusion is that these factors are contributing to the matching problems. A larger portion of youths who have this type of problem would’ve earlier not been registered in the Employment Agency before and would have been forced into early retirement, or registered with a different state agency. In the current situation, the Unemployment Agency allows anyone to register with them as openly unemployed, regardless of how far away from the Labour Market they are. This essay is written in Swedish

This dissertation describes the relationship between inflation and unemployment with the concept of the natural rate of unemployment at which inflation remains unchanged. By comparing NAIRU, as defined in this manner, with the actual unemployment rate, we obtain the gap in unemployment. In connection with the analysed substitution between inflation and unemployment, there can be found a decrease in the importance of the PC in the 1970s, a very popular New Keynesian PC in the 1990s, and doubts over the robustness of the estimates. On the other hand, the concept of the PC and the NAIRU had previously been developed in accordance with the real data. There is a broad consensus on the impact of monetary policy on nominal variables (inflation) and real variables (unemployment). Methods are also being combined and continuously improved This dissertation is seeking to prove or disprove the hypothesis of the NAIRU concept's usability in estimating the economic cycle on the labor market. This hypothesis has helped in the acceptance of: the support for the concept and estimating PC and NAIRU in the literature; the application of measures to refine the estimate of the NAIRU and PC in the empirical analysis of the dissertation; the dissertation conclusion's compliance with the latest international research, with the local authors and with the own research. The contribution of the dissertation can be identified thusly: distribution methods depend upon the different time periods, their treatment and the best methods for the conditions of the countries in the Visegrad Group; the specification of an unstable environment and its impact upon the estimation of the NAIRU and the economic cycle; the calculation of the unemployment rate of the sectors, age categories and their use in estimating the NAIRU and cycle on the meso-level; to determine the effect of different pricing structure indicators in order to estimate the NAIRU and the economic cycle on the labor market and the topicality of their estimates.

Unemployment modelling covers both view of the labour market such as is, economy and knowledge of mathematics, statistics and, thus, econometrics. The importance of unemployment seems to be even more significant after the period of crisis; high unemployment is not only economic burden bud serious social risk and psychological problem as well. In the dissertation thesis, selected models used for unemployment modelling and -- in some cases for its prediction -- are introduced. To be able to predict the future trend of labour market reliably means to be able to plan tools of active and passive employment policies effectively. Alternatively, it means to search programs and supports that help in reduction of unemployment. Specific applications of models for the Czech labour market involve model of multistate life tables, simultaneous econometric models and Phillips curve. Phillips curve of mutual "trade-off" of unemployment and inflation is confirmed in short periods, in longer and long period of time rather fails, it is not reliable. It is not possible to use it for prediction at all; it would be needed to predict inflation. Analogous characteristics has the Beveridge curve. Simultaneous econometric models for number of economically active persons and for unemployment and inflation de facto fail, even though they demonstrate the range of opportunities including point and interval forecasts. Period of economic crisis when changes in labour market principles occur means usually problem for such the models, which work well in periods of stable growth or decline. More, it is difficult to specify these models correctly with regard to threat of multikolinearity. Multistate models aiming at calculation of multistate life tables, or even multistate projection are extremely demanding for input data. But they enable to understand relations or transitions among states, respectively. It is very beneficial tool for comprehension and policy planning in the area of labour market and social affairs in the process of lowering unemployment. Forecasts in such a type of model are possible but difficult because it is necessary to predict probability of transition among states.

[pt] Prever emprego e desemprego é de grande importância para praticamente todos os agentes de uma economia. Emprego é uma das principais variáveis analisadas como indicador econômico, e desemprego serve para os policy makers como uma orientação às suas decisões. Neste trabalho, eu estudo quais características das duas séries podemos usar para auxiliar no tratamento dos dados e métodos empregados para auxiliar no poder preditivo das mesmas. Eu comparo modelos de machine (Random Forest e Lasso Adaptativo) e Deep (Long short Term memory) learning, procurando capturar as não linearidades e dinâmicas de ambas séries. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que o modelo AR com Random Forest aplicado nos resíduos, como uma maneira de separar parte linear e não linear, é o melhor modelo para previsão de emprego, enquanto Random Forest e AdaLasso com Random Forest aplicado nos resíduos são os melhores para o desemprego. / [en] Forecasting employment and unemployment is of great importance for virtually all agents in the economy. Employment is one of the main variables analyzed as an economic indicator, and unemployment serves to policy makers as a guide to their actions. In this essay, I study what features of both series we can use on data treatment and methods used to add to the forecasting predictive power. Using an AR model as a benchmark, I compare machine (Random Forest and Adaptive Lasso) and deep (Long Short Term Memory) learning methods, seeking to capture non-linearities of both series dynamics. The results suggests that an AR model with a Random Forest on residuals (as a way to separate linear and non-linear part) is the best model for employment forecast, while Random Forest and AdaLasso with Random Forest on residuals were the best for unemployment forecast.