Akademisk avhandling : Filosofiska Institutionen : Stockholm : 1993. / Bibliogr. p. 137-142. Index.

John Rawls's political liberalism has shaped contemporary political philosophy. Three other theories, feminism, republicanism, and communitarianism, devote a good deal of space to refuting Rawls's theory, and claim to be superior alternatives to it. My main thesis is that they are not alternatives to Rawls's political liberalism but variations of it. That is, although these theories present themselves as external critiques of liberalism, they are ultimately internal critiques, because their own theories are built upon the basic principles of liberalism. This is not to deny that many of their criticisms are well-taken and thus need to be addressed by liberal theorists. I also argue that Rawls's theory of political liberalism is in general terms correct. It needs however to be revised in other to solve what I take to be its main problem: Its lack of a foundation. In my dissertation I propose a revised version of political liberalism, which includes an argument in support of the political liberal conception of justice.

This dissertation argues that Isaiah Berlin and John Rawls can be seen as seminal contributors to two quite distinct revivals of political theory in the latter half of the twentieth century. It suggests that coming to grips with the different underlying character of these revivals and writers is important to understanding political theory and liberalism today. However, while the importance Berlin's of Berlin's work is increasingly recognized, there remain puzzling controversies concerning its overall character and import and in particular concerning its relationship to the dominant forms of American political thought, and Rawls' work in particular. This dissertation offers a novel interpretation of Berlin's political thought and liberalism, and a preliminary exploration of its relationship with Rawls' political thought. / The reading of Berlin develops the following principal themes: (1) Berlin was a moderate but consistent historicist primarily concerned with the interpretive self-understanding of his own form of life; (2) Berlin was a strong but distinctive pluralist who argued for a limited but open-ended range of recognizable and rivalrous ultimate values and for an agitated equilibrium of these values in public life; (3) Berlin focused the bulk of his critical energy on defending an internally pluralistic range of traditionally liberal values within this agitated equilibrium, with an emphasis on liberty and pluralism. He nonetheless recognized that there were other equally ultimate values, not distinctively liberal, which were legitimate and deserving of consideration and even defense. Berlin's essential insight is into the contemporary rivalry of equally ultimate values revealed by the historicist exercise of the sympathetic imagination. / This interpretation of Berlin's thought suggests some deep points of dispute with Rawls' Political Liberalism, in particular over the regulative role of Rawls' political conception of justice in public reason. This dissertation argues that, when explored, these points of disagreement reveal two very different approaches to contemporary political thought, Berlin's grounded in an embrace of strong moral and political pluralism as the basis of political theory, and Rawls' grounded in an effort to tame such "simple" pluralism through the elaboration of a consensual normative framework of public life.

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Submitted by Elizabete Silva (elizabete.silva@ufes.br) on 2015-04-01T20:19:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) FABIO ROSCAGLIA PINTO.pdf: 935131 bytes, checksum: 2dcb38fdd83b4e0045cf901638f7c949 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elizabete Silva (elizabete.silva@ufes.br) on 2015-04-09T19:25:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) FABIO ROSCAGLIA PINTO.pdf: 935131 bytes, checksum: 2dcb38fdd83b4e0045cf901638f7c949 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T19:25:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) FABIO ROSCAGLIA PINTO.pdf: 935131 bytes, checksum: 2dcb38fdd83b4e0045cf901638f7c949 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07 / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo abordar a relação entre justiça e educação, mais especificadamente, entre a teoria da justiça como equidade que foi desenvolvida por John Rawls, na obra Uma Teoria da Justiça, e a Constituição Federal de 1988 e a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional – LDBEN que regem o direito à educação no Brasil. O trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, em que analisamos as duas principais legislações que dirigem a educação nacional e os escritos da teoria rawlsiana. Com este processo analítico percebemos que a teoria da justiça de Rawls foi fundamentada pela teoria do contrato social e, buscava estabelecer-se como alternativa à doutrina utilitarista. E, por ser uma teoria de grande amplitude, que buscava intervir nas sociedades democráticas, foi possível encontrar ideais educacionais nos escritos de John Rawls. Além disso, conseguimos estabelecer a relação entre os estágios de aplicação dos princípios da justiça e a importância das leis para os Estados democráticos. Por fim, percebemos que há relação direta entre diversas partes das duas legislações estudadas e os ideais de John Rawls, o que demonstra a influência que o liberalismo político anglo-saxão exerce sobre nossas normativas educacionais. / This thesis aims to address the relationship between justice and education, more specifically, between the theory of justice as fairness that was developed by John Rawls in A Theory of Justice work, and the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the Law of Guidelines and Bases of National education - LDBEN governing the right to education in Brazil. The work was developed through literature and documents, we analyze the two main laws that direct the national education and the writings of the Rawlsian theory. With this analytical process we realized that the theory of justice Rawls was founded by the social contract theory, and sought to establish themselves as an alternative to the utilitarian doctrine. And, being a theory of large amplitude, which sought to intervene in democratic societies, educational ideals were found in the writings of John Rawls. Furthermore, we established the relationship between the stages of implementation of the principles of justice and the importance of laws for democratic states. Finally, realize that there is a direct relationship between various parts of the two studied laws and ideals of John Rawls, which demonstrates the influence that political liberalism Anglo-Saxon has on our educational standards.

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This dissertation examines John Rawls’s doctrine of public reason in light of Thomas Reid’s Common Sense philosophy. Chapter 1 introduces the topics of public reason and common sense in order to suggest that Thomas Reid’s philosophy can provide a beneficial contribution to public policy debates. Chapter 2 examines key features of Rawls’s doctrine of public reason. Chapter 3 suggests that there are critical problems with Rawls’s doctrine of public reason. Chapter 4 examines key features of Thomas Reid’s common sense philosophy. Chapter 5 shows Reid’s common sense application in early American history as well as contemporary scholarship. It argues that common sense can provide insight into two test-cases, abortion and same-sex marriage. Chapter 6 concludes the dissertation, summarizing the arguments and providing suggestions for further research.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Humanidades, Departamento de Filosofia, Programa de Pós-Gradução, 2006. / Submitted by Kathryn Cardim Araujo (kathryn.cardim@gmail.com) on 2009-11-03T11:32:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea Regina da Silva Diana.pdf: 253893 bytes, checksum: e9e1c32e8f2823cee769b9c47885386f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2010-05-18T13:14:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea Regina da Silva Diana.pdf: 253893 bytes, checksum: e9e1c32e8f2823cee769b9c47885386f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-05-18T13:14:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea Regina da Silva Diana.pdf: 253893 bytes, checksum: e9e1c32e8f2823cee769b9c47885386f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-18 / O presente trabalho é uma análise sobre a justificação pública defendida por John Rawls na teoria do Liberalismo Político. Para o escopo desta pesquisa, justificar é apresentar razões. Estas devem garantir a validade e a legitimidade do está sendo justificado. Dessa forma, a justificação pública relaciona-se com solução razoável dos conflitos. Serve para o convencimento da razoabilidade dos princípios sobre os quais as pretensões e juízos estão fundados. Para Gerald Gaus e a teoria do Liberalismo justificatório, o Liberalismo Político falha na defesa da justificação pública por não considerar uma teoria da epistemologia da justificação. A crítica engloba análise das crenças e a relação destas com os indivíduos que convivem em sociedade. Gaus evidencia problemas profundos e sérios na teoria rawlsiana, tais como: assimetria na consideração dos valores (justiça e bem) que servem de base para justificação; alcançabilidade da justificação pública e direito de cidadãos que não compartilham a idéia de justificação pública. Utilizando argumentos de Jonathan Quong, Micah Schwartzman e Larry Krasnoff a pesquisa mostra que essas objeções não invalidam o Liberalismo Político e que a justificação pública é defensável nas sociedades democráticas contemporâneas. __________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The present work is an analysis of the idea of public justification expressed by John Rawls within liberal political theory. For the purposes of this research, the term justification means presenting reasons. Reasons that should validate and legitimize what is being justified. Hence, the idea of public justification is related to reasonable solutions to conflicts. It serves to prove the rationality of the principles upon which assumptions and judgments are founded. For Gerald Gaus and the theory of Justificatory Liberalism, Liberal Politics fails to defend public justification because it doesn’t consider an epistemological theory of justification. The critique includes an analysis of creeds and their relationship with the individuals of a society. Gaus points to some deep and serious problems with Rawls’ theory, such as: the asymmetrical way he considers values (justice and goodness) which serve as the basis for justification; the attainability of public justification and the rights of citizens that do not share the same idea of public justification. By using arguments by Jonathan Quong, Micah Schwartzman and Larry Krasnoff this thesis demonstrates that these objections do not invalidate Political Liberalism and that public justification is defendable in contemporary democratic societies.

Tesis para optar al grado de Doctor en Filosofía mención Filosofía moral y política / La investigación de la que aquí se da cuenta, analiza el tránsito entre el constructivismo kantiano de A Theory of Justice (Rawls, 1971) y el constructivismo político de Political Liberalism (Rawls, 1993), juzgando si acaso este último provee de suficiente justificación a los principios de justicia. El texto arguye que los principios de justicia quedan suficientemente justificados si, abandonando las interpretaciones kantianas que son habituales en la literatura filosófica, se interpreta al constructivismo político como una forma de realismo interno a la Putnam o como una “historización” a la Hegel de la razón práctica. Así la tesis del consenso superpuesto puede ser presentada como una descripción del potencial normativo que subyace a la reflexiva pluralidad moderna y la filosofía política que la proclama como un esfuerzo por reconciliar a los miembros de las sociedades modernas con sus propias instituciones. En su conjunto, la investigación ofrece una perspectiva para entender el liberalismo político que hasta ahora no había sido explorada en la abundante literatura secundaria a que ha dado origen la obra de Rawls.

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