Esta tese apresenta o estudo das placas recicladas provenientes de embalagens Longa Vida. São compostas principalmente por polietileno de baixa densidade, alumínio e resíduos de papel. Embora as placas recicladas sejam tratadas como sustentáveis e aplicadas nas edificações com resultados positivos, são poucos os dados publicados que apresentam sua caracterização geral. Outros problemas foram identificados, como a necessidade de melhoria na tecnologia para produção, dificuldade na aceitação estética e pouco design incorporado aos produtos e objetos resultantes. Apesar dos problemas, a observação do uso crescente dessas placas resultou no traçado da hipótese desta pesquisa: as placas podem ser mais eficientes e atrativas para especificação, se utilizadas com design incorporado aos componentes arquitetônicos. A partir disso, o trabalho busca dois objetivos essenciais: traçar um perfil de caracterização técnica e de design relacionados ao material e, a partir desse repertório, apresentar propostas projetuais alternativas para uso na arquitetura. Para tanto, foram estudadas as conceituações sobre materialidade, as abordagens técnicas, estéticas e culturais e a reciclagem e produção das placas, além de ensaios térmicos de condutividade térmica e calor específico, absortância, envelhecimento acelerado em câmera de UV e o ensaio complementar de transição vítrea. A caracterização estética gerou dados sistematizados sobre textura, tamanho, espessura e estudos compositivos com outros materiais. Por fim, foram criadas três propostas projetuais como indicativos de novas possibilidades de uso das placas. Este estudo concluiu que as placas de polietileno-alumínio podem ser utilizadas em várias superfícies arquitetônicas, desde que cuidadosamente incorporadas aos sistemas, prezando-se a qualidade da produção, projeto, design e acabamento. / This thesis presents the study of plates from recycled cartoon packaging. They are composed mainly of low density polyethylene, aluminum and paper waste. Although the plates are treated as recycled and sustainable, applied in building with positive results, there are few published data to show their general characterization. Other problems were identified: need for improvement of production technology, difficulty in accepting some design aesthetics and few design incorporated to the products and the resulting objects. Despite the problems, the observation of the growing use of these plates resulted in the design of the hypothesis of this research: the plates can be more efficient and attractive to specification if used with design incorporated into the architectural components. Based on this, the work seeks two essential goals: a profile of technical characterization and design-related material, and from this repertoire, present proposals about design alternatives for use in architecture. To this end, were studied the concepts of materiality, in technical, aesthetics and cultural approaches and the recycling and production of plates, besides the thermal tests of thermal conductivity and specific heat, absorptance, accelerated aging and UV camera and additional test of glass transition. The aesthetic characterizations generated systematic data on texture, size, thickness and compositional studies with other materials. Finally, were created three project proposals as indicative of new possibilities to use the plates. Through this study it can be concluded that the polyethylene-aluminum plates can be used in various architectural surfaces, as long as they are carefully incorporated into the systems, maintaining the quality the quality of production, design and finish.

A pesquisa teve como objetivo principal avaliar a incorporação de agregados reciclados de concreto em blocos estruturais de concreto para três classes de resistência (4,5 MPa, 8,0 MPa e 12,0 MPa). O estudo foi desenvolvido basicamente em quatro etapas. A primeira etapa consistiu na análise das propriedades físicas de agregados miúdos e graúdos reciclados de concreto originários de uma fábrica de pré-moldados. Na segunda etapa, foram analisadas as propriedades físicas e mecânicas de corpos-de-prova cilíndricos produzidos com concreto de consistência seca utilizando-se dois tipos de agregados reciclados previamente avaliados. O objetivo foi definir um intervalo de correlação entre a resistência à compressão de corpos-de-prova e blocos, verificar preliminarmente a influência dos agregados reciclados sobre as propriedades físicas e mecânicas e determinar os traços para a próxima etapa. Para a terceira etapa, foi avaliada a viabilidade técnica da produção de blocos com agregados reciclados através da análise de propriedades físicas e mecânicas, sendo também avaliada a viabilidade econômica pela proposição de algumas alternativas para reciclagem. De maneira geral, independentemente do grupo de resistência avaliado, todas as unidades com agregados graúdos reciclados cumpriram os requisitos estabelecidos; já para o estudo econômico, todas as hipóteses atestaram a viabilidade da produção de unidades com agregados reciclados com custos de produção e comercialização inferiores aos das unidades comumente produzidas. Finalmente, a quarta etapa, consistiu na avaliação da retração por secagem em miniparedes, resistência à compressão e módulo de deformação de elementos (prismas e miniparedes) produzidos com as unidades da etapa anterior. Em função dos resultados obtidos, pode-se afirmar que apenas a propriedade de retração por secagem foi afetada pelas unidades com agregados reciclados; nesse caso, a redução da distância entre juntas de controle foi considerada uma medida suficiente para minimizar os efeitos da retração por secagem. / The main goal of the present research project was the evaluation of recycled concrete aggregates incorporation in structural concrete blocks of three different levels of compressive strength (4,5 MPa, 8,0 MPa and 12,0 MPa). The study was developed in four stages. The first stage analyzed the physical properties of fine and coarse concrete aggregates derived from a precast concrete plant. In the second stage, physical and mechanical properties of dry consistency concrete cylindrical specimens were analyzed using two types of recycled aggregates. The aim was to define a correlation interval between the compressive strength of cylindrical specimens and concrete blocks, verify the influence of recycled aggregates on the physical and mechanical properties, and determine the better compositions to be used in the next stage. The third stage involved the technical viability of producing concrete blocks, and also the economic viability of some recycling alternatives. As a whole, independently of the strength class, the recycled coarse aggregate blocks fulfilled the required specifications; additionally the economic hypotheses confirmed the viability of producing recycled aggregate units with both production and market costs lower than those of the conventional units. Finally, the fourth stage dealt with the drying shrinkage of mini-walls, the compressive strength and the elasticity modulus of elements (prisms and mini-walls) built with units defined in the former stage. Based on the obtained results, the study showed that only the drying shrinkage property was affected by the recycled aggregates units; the reduction of the distance between two adjacent control joints was an adequate procedure to minimize the effects of the drying shrinkage in this case.

A practicum report for the degree of Master of Environmental Science, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Miami University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-73).

A pesquisa teve como objetivo principal avaliar a incorporação de agregados reciclados de concreto em blocos estruturais de concreto para três classes de resistência (4,5 MPa, 8,0 MPa e 12,0 MPa). O estudo foi desenvolvido basicamente em quatro etapas. A primeira etapa consistiu na análise das propriedades físicas de agregados miúdos e graúdos reciclados de concreto originários de uma fábrica de pré-moldados. Na segunda etapa, foram analisadas as propriedades físicas e mecânicas de corpos-de-prova cilíndricos produzidos com concreto de consistência seca utilizando-se dois tipos de agregados reciclados previamente avaliados. O objetivo foi definir um intervalo de correlação entre a resistência à compressão de corpos-de-prova e blocos, verificar preliminarmente a influência dos agregados reciclados sobre as propriedades físicas e mecânicas e determinar os traços para a próxima etapa. Para a terceira etapa, foi avaliada a viabilidade técnica da produção de blocos com agregados reciclados através da análise de propriedades físicas e mecânicas, sendo também avaliada a viabilidade econômica pela proposição de algumas alternativas para reciclagem. De maneira geral, independentemente do grupo de resistência avaliado, todas as unidades com agregados graúdos reciclados cumpriram os requisitos estabelecidos; já para o estudo econômico, todas as hipóteses atestaram a viabilidade da produção de unidades com agregados reciclados com custos de produção e comercialização inferiores aos das unidades comumente produzidas. Finalmente, a quarta etapa, consistiu na avaliação da retração por secagem em miniparedes, resistência à compressão e módulo de deformação de elementos (prismas e miniparedes) produzidos com as unidades da etapa anterior. Em função dos resultados obtidos, pode-se afirmar que apenas a propriedade de retração por secagem foi afetada pelas unidades com agregados reciclados; nesse caso, a redução da distância entre juntas de controle foi considerada uma medida suficiente para minimizar os efeitos da retração por secagem. / The main goal of the present research project was the evaluation of recycled concrete aggregates incorporation in structural concrete blocks of three different levels of compressive strength (4,5 MPa, 8,0 MPa and 12,0 MPa). The study was developed in four stages. The first stage analyzed the physical properties of fine and coarse concrete aggregates derived from a precast concrete plant. In the second stage, physical and mechanical properties of dry consistency concrete cylindrical specimens were analyzed using two types of recycled aggregates. The aim was to define a correlation interval between the compressive strength of cylindrical specimens and concrete blocks, verify the influence of recycled aggregates on the physical and mechanical properties, and determine the better compositions to be used in the next stage. The third stage involved the technical viability of producing concrete blocks, and also the economic viability of some recycling alternatives. As a whole, independently of the strength class, the recycled coarse aggregate blocks fulfilled the required specifications; additionally the economic hypotheses confirmed the viability of producing recycled aggregate units with both production and market costs lower than those of the conventional units. Finally, the fourth stage dealt with the drying shrinkage of mini-walls, the compressive strength and the elasticity modulus of elements (prisms and mini-walls) built with units defined in the former stage. Based on the obtained results, the study showed that only the drying shrinkage property was affected by the recycled aggregates units; the reduction of the distance between two adjacent control joints was an adequate procedure to minimize the effects of the drying shrinkage in this case.

The use of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) has gained increased attention in the past few decades as an alternative to decrease the carbon footprint of concrete construction. Yet, most of the research performed so far demonstrates that RCA concrete displays inferior performance in the fresh and hardened states when compared to conventional concrete (CC). The latter is believed due to the fact that very often the different microstructure of RCA is not accounted for while the mix-proportioning of RCA concrete. Recently, a number of mix-design procedures accounting for RCA microstructure have been proposed. Amongst them, the Equivalent Volume (EV) method seems to be quite promising. The EV method may proportion RCA concrete made of coarse (CRCA) or fine (FRCA) RCA and is based on a companion CC. Previous research has demonstrated that the fresh and hardened properties of EV mix-designed CRCA are suitable for structural applications. Yet, very few research, analysis and quantification have been conducted on the fresh behaviour of EV mix- proportioned FRCA concrete. This work presents a comprehensive study on the rheological behaviour of EV mix-designed CRCA and FRCA concrete presenting distinct features (i.e. inner qualities, mineralogy, fabrication process, etc.) through the use of a planetary rheometer (IBB). Results show that the EV is capable of proportioning low embodied energy CRCA and FRCA concrete with shear thinning profiles. The latter suggests that these mixtures are suitable for applications under high torque regimes such as vibrated or pumped concrete.

Esta pesquisa objetiva avaliar o emprego de agregados graúdos reciclados (produzidos a partir do entulho de construção e demolição) e o emprego do látex estireno-butadieno (polímero sintético) nas propriedades de concretos estruturais de média resistência. Todos os estudos são conduzidos comparando-se as propriedades de concretos com agregados naturais sem adição de látex, e de concretos com agregados graúdos reciclados com e sem adição de látex. Na primeira fase da pesquisa, são avaliadas propriedades físicas e mecânicas destes concretos. São analisados três traços (com diferentes consumos de cimento) modificados com quatro percentagens de látex e submetidos a quatro formas de cura. Os resultados da primeira fase formam a base para a segunda fase da pesquisa, na qual apenas um dos traços contendo uma determinada porcentagem de látex e sob uma única forma de cura é submetido a ensaios em célula de corrosão acelerada e aderência aço-concreto. Como resultado principal, tem-se que o emprego conjunto de agregados graúdos reciclados e látex estireno-butadieno fornece concretos com resistência mecânica equivalente aos concretos contendo agregados naturais e com desempenho em ambientes agressivos e aderência aço-concreto também semelhantes. Conclui-se, portanto, pela viabilidade do emprego destes concretos como concreto estrutural armado no que tange às propriedades avaliadas. / This research aims at evaluating the use of coarse recycled aggregates (produced from construction and demolition debris) and the use of styrene-butadiene latex (synthetic polymer) in the concrete constitution of medium resistance concrete structures. All studies are carried out comparing the concrete properties with natural aggregates without latex, and concrete with coarse recycled aggregates with or without latex. In the first stage of the research, physical and mechanical properties of these concretes are evaluated (with different cement contents) modified with four percent of latex and submitted to four cure condition. The results of the first stage produce the base for the second stage of the research, where only one of the features containing a determinate percentage of latex and under a sole form of cure condition it is submitted to tests in accelerated corrosive cell and steel-concrete adherence. As a main result, it is believed that the joint usage of coarse recycled aggregates and styrene-butadiene latex provides mechanical resistant concrete equivalent to concrete containing natural aggregates with a similar performance in aggressive environments and with steel-concrete adherence. Due to the its employment feasibility, one can conclude that this concrete is structurally armed in as far as its properties were evaluated.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2017-02-02T00:09:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CONCRETO COM AGREGADO GRAU?DO RECICLADO DE CONCRETO_DOSAGEM E PRODUC?A?O.pdf: 3147518 bytes, checksum: 5fc02389f0e0978e3636005417e03f9e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-02T00:09:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CONCRETO COM AGREGADO GRAU?DO RECICLADO DE CONCRETO_DOSAGEM E PRODUC?A?O.pdf: 3147518 bytes, checksum: 5fc02389f0e0978e3636005417e03f9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / A proper mix design and production must be done in order to increase the use of recycled concrete. The type of recycled aggregate (RA) used, the best replacement content, the best sequence and mixing time and the best way to evaluate the workability are some of the features that must be considered. Thus, this work was done to evaluate the mix design and production of concrete with concrete recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), using as a measure of workability the flow test in Graff?s table. Two levels of recycled coarse aggregate (20 and 40%), two levels of flow, for plastic and fluid mixtures, (350 and 400mm), and two mix design methods (IPT/EPUSP and ABCP) were evaluated on the concrete compressive strength, at 7 and 28 days of age. The results pointed out that the IPT/EPUSP mix design method was more suitable for recycled concrete. The flow test in Graff?s table, as a measure of workability, and the two stage mixture approach presented to be more suitable for the mix design and production of recycled concrete. Also, in this study, the concrete RCA content evaluated did not influence the compressive strength of concrete produced. So, it is completely feasible to use up to 40% replacement of NCA by concrete RCA. / Para ampliar o uso de concretos reciclados deve-se estabelecer a sua dosagem e produ??o considerando aspectos relacionados com o tipo de agregado reciclado (AR) utilizado, o melhor teor de AR, a melhor sequ?ncia e tempo de mistura e a melhor forma de avaliar a trabalhabilidade desses concretos. Assim, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a dosagem e produ??o de concretos com ARs de concreto, usando como medida de trabalhabilidade o ensaio de espalhamento na mesa de Graff. Os teores de aplica??o do agregado gra?do reciclado(AGR) foram 20 e 40%. Foram avaliados dois n?veis de espalhamento (350 e 400mm) e dois m?todos de dosagem (IPT/EPUSP e ABCP). Os concretos foram avaliados ainda quanto a resist?ncia ? compress?o axial, aos 7 e 28 dias, e os resultados obtidos foram tratados estatisticamente atrav?s da an?lise de vari?ncia(ANOVA). Os resultados mostraram que o m?todo de dosagem do IPT/EPUSP apresentou-se mais adequado para a dosagem de concretos reciclados. O ensaio de espalhamento na mesa de Graff, como medida da trabalhabilidade, e o m?todo de mistura em duas etapas apresentaram-se adequados para a dosagem e produ??o de concretos reciclados. Nesse estudo, o teor de AGR avaliado n?o influenciou a resist?ncia ? compress?o dos concretos produzidos, sendo plenamente vi?vel o uso de at? 40% do agregado gra?do reciclado de concreto.

A Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) wall is a vertical grade separation that uses earth reinforcement extending laterally from the wall to take advantage of earth pressure to reduce the required design strength of the wall. MSE wall systems are often prefabricated to reduce construction time, thus improving constructability when compared with conventionally cast-in-place reinforced wall systems. However, there is a lack of knowledge for predicting the service-life of MSE retaining wall systems when recycled backfill materials such as Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and Crushed Concrete (CC) are used instead of Conventional Fill Material (CFM). The specific knowledge missing is how these recycled materials, when used as backfill in MSE wall systems, affects the corrosion rate of the reinforcing strips. This work addresses this knowledge gap by providing recommendations for MSE wall systems backfilled with CC or RAP, and provides a guide to predict the service-life based on corrosion rate test data obtained from embedding steel and galvanized-steel earth reinforcing strips embedded in MSE wall systems backfilled with CC, RAP, and CFM. Experimental data from samples emulating MSE wall systems with steel and galvanized-steel reinforcing strips embedded in CC and RAP were compared to samples with strips embedded in CFM. The results of the testing provide data and methodologies that may, depending on the environmental exposure conditions, justify the use of RAP and CC for the construction of MSE walls. If these backfill materials are obtained from the construction site, this could provide a significant cost savings during construction.

Les teneurs en éléments majeurs et trace, les isotopes Sr-Nd-Pb, les teneurs en H2O et l’isotope de l’O des phénocristaux de cpx des basaltes cénozoïques de 11 sites du Sud Est Chinois situés dans des contextes géodynamiques variables ont été mesurés pour identifier les différents composants faisant partie de leur source. Les basaltes Cénozoïques de Zhejiang se sont mi en place durant deux périodes, 20-27Ma et après 11Ma. Leurs teneurs en H2O varient de 1.3-2.6%. Les basaltes Cénozoïques du Fujian ont fait éruption il y a moins de 10 Ma. Le teneurs en H2O initial des basaltes de Shiheng s’étend de 1.3-2.4%; les diabases de Bailin ont des teneurs s en eau estimés de 1.9-2.1%, et ceux de Mingxi des teneurs es initiaux de 0.3-0.5%. Les teneurs en H2O des basaltes de sont de 1.3-2.6%. Les basaltes de Xilong (Zhejiang), Mingxi (Fujian) et Leihuling (Hainan) ont des sources mantelliques contaminées par de la croûte océanique recyclée, ceux de Gaoping et Shuangcai (Zhejiang), Shiheng, Bailin et Niutuoshan (Fujian) et Maanling, Dayang et Fujitian (Hainan) voient leurs sources mantelliques contaminées par à la fois des sédiments et la croûte océanique recyclés. Les matériaux recyclés diffèrent suivant l’âge et la localisation. En résumé, les basaltes cénozoïques SE chinois ont des signatures élémentaires et isotopiques marquées par la présence de matériaux océaniques recyclés dans leurs sources mantelliques. Les matériaux recyclés varient entre les différentes localités, tant dans leurs proportions que leur degré d’évolution. Nos résultats montrent que la plaque subductée Ouest Pacifique affecte probablement la composition du manteau sous continentale du Sud Est Chinois / The major and trace element contents, Sr-Nd-Pb isotope, H2O contents and the cpx phenocryst O isotope of Cenozoic basalts from 11 places with distinct geological backgrounds in SE China have been measured to decipher the relationship between the possible recycled components and mantle geochemical heterogeneities. Zhejiang basalts erupted in two stages, 20-27Ma and after 11Ma. Their H2O contents range from 1.3-2.6%. The estimated H2O contents of initial basaltic melts for the Shiheng basalts range from 1.3-2.4%; the Bailin diabases have “fake” basaltic melt water contents from 1.9-2.1%; and the Mingxi basalts have initial H2O contents of 0.3-0.5%, in Fujian. H2O content the basalts from Leihuling (LH), Dayang (DY) and Fujitian (FJT) areas in Hainan are 2.7 wt. %, 1.3 wt. %, and 2.6 wt. %. The Xilong basalts from Zhejiang, Mingxi basalts from Fujian and Leihuling basalts from Hainan involved recycled oceanic crust components in the mantle source, while the Gaoping and Shuangcai basalts from Zhejiang, Shiheng, Bailin, and Niutoushan basalts from Fujian as well as the Maanling, Dayang and Fujitian basalts from Hainan involved recycled oceanic sediments and crust components in their mantle source. Overall, the SE China Cenozoic basalts have involved the recycled oceanic materials in their mantle source. The recycled oceanic materials have different existential state and locations, when the geological history of SE China are considered. The subducted Pacific slab most likely effect the composition of mantle in SE China

En la actualidad en gran parte del mundo se viene proponiendo e impulsando las políticas ambientales que puedan reducir el problema de la degradación de los recursos naturales a la que está siendo sometido el planeta. A tal efecto se plantea la realización de esta investigación para tratar de determinar el grado de influencia en las propiedades físicas del concreto fabricado con agregados reciclados procedentes de la trituración. La variable seleccionada para la investigación ha sido: el porcentaje de sustitución del agregado grueso natural por agregado grueso reciclado en la dosificación del concreto. El objetivo general de la investigación es analizar en qué medida la cantidad de agregado grueso reciclado usado en la dosificación de la mezcla influye en las propiedades mecánicas del concreto. El tipo de investigación fue básica y cualitativa, la metodología. Se usó una metodología experimental y transversal. El análisis de los resultados experimentales indican que la resistencia a la compresión y a la tracción no se ven afectadas notoriamente al reemplazar el 20% de agregado natural, en un mayor porcentaje de reemplazo , la resistencia empieza a decaer directamente proporcional a un mayor porcentaje de agregado reciclado. Today in much of the world has been proposing and promoting environmental policies that can reduce the problem of the degradation of natural resources that the planet is undergoing. For this purpose the realization of this research to try to determine the degree of influence on the physical properties of concrete made with recycled aggregate from crushing arises. The selected research variable was the percentage of coarse natural aggregate replacement by recycled coarse aggregate concrete proportions. The overall objective of the research is to analyze to what extent the amount of recycled coarse aggregate used in the dosage of the mixture influences the mechanical properties of concrete. The research was basic and qualitative methodology. An experimental and transversal approach was used. Analysis of the experimental results indicate that the compressive strength and tensile strength are not affected noticeably by replacing 20% of natural aggregate, a higher percentage replacement, resistance begins to drop directly proportional to a higher percentage of added recycling.