Tarkett AB is one of the world's largest companies that manufacture floors and operates in over 100 countries. Tarkett Ronneby is one of two larger recycling centers the company possesses, and they are currently recycling all of the spare material and waste material from the manufacturing processes. Customers to Tarkett are lately offered to bring back used floors to recycle the material. Currently, Tarkett is annually importing and recycling 17 000 tons of material from the production and their customers, and the amount of material handled is estimated to increase to 30 000 tons per year. To handle the amount of material Tarkett Ronneby is going to build a new recycling center. The initial research questions for this master thesis were:• How to dimension the recycling center to handle the predetermined capacity?• How to organise the transport of materials to handle the predetermined capacity?On a higher level, this contribution has also highlighted several findings in relation to the following research question:• How can Design Thinking be used in practice to design a warehouse?To answer the question of whether design thinking can be used as a method for developing a recycling center, this was used as a method. Design thinking was used in all the steps of the development process - to know about both explicit and tacit needs related to the development of the recycling center. Company visits allowed to emphasise with the different stakeholders for the solution, getting in touch with employees and learn more about the processes connected to the recycling center. During the ideation phase, brainstorming has been used to create ideas focusing on smaller parts of a solution. The generated ideas have been combined to create final ideas which were prototyped in a digital environment and the first two were also simulated in discrete-event simulation software. The result was more insights into the problem and an iteration to the define phase was conducted. The iterative nature of the Design Thinking process also meant that new needs were stated along the process and the research questions were redefined to the following:• How shall the predetermined units be stored to fit in the predetermined storage area?To solve this question, the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) was used to systematically explore solution strategies for the given problem and propose original ideas. The result is a final prototype in a digital environment showing how the structure of the units stored in the recycling center will look like. According to the model the warehouse will only consist of stackable units and the tent will consist of both stackable and non-stackable units. From the results, it is clear that an investment must be done to store the desired amount of units in the tent and in narrow aisle forklifts. The main future work will be to contact the forklift supplier used at Tarkett Ronneby, STILL, and order GX-X/GX-Q-forklifts, lay a concrete slab, and to update the placing software to cope with the changes and to maintain a high placing accuracy of the units.

Folk tenderar att flytta till urbana områden för att studera, hitta jobb och få bättre möjligheter. Befolkningen i stora städer har ökat mycket och det kommer även att öka ännu mer. Därför är stadsplanering eller samhällsplanering viktigt och ett av de viktigaste områdena är avfallshantering där avfall från hushåll hanteras. För att bygga avfallshanteringsanläggning som återvinningscentraler behöver man planera noga och miljötänkande är viktigt. För att kunna lokalisera optimala ställen behöver man GIS-teknik. Med hjälp av den tekniken finns det möjlighet att göra analys och även skapa kartor som kan till exempel ingå i översiktsplanen och detaljplanen. Platsbestäm-ningen är det viktigaste att ta fram i planeringsstadiet innan man kan börja med andra processer därför att felplacering kan orsaka problem som miljö, säkerhetspro-blem för invånare och ekonomisk förlust för myndigheten eller staten för justeringar och omplaceringar. I dagsläget finns det inte så mycket tekniska lösningar som skulle underlätta för platsbestämningen.I utvecklingsländer saknas fungerande avfallshantering och många slänger skräp över-allt. Därför har studien mest fokus på utvecklingsländer där återvinningscentraler behöver byggas. Syfte med arbetet är att hitta optimala platser för en återvinnings-central med GIS- lösningar.I studien utfördes fjärranalys och multikriterieanalys för att hitta de optimala plat-serna för återvinningscentraler. Övervakad klassificering användes för extrahering av klasser. Data från Open Street Map hämtades för komplettering av data för saknade faktorer. AHP-metoden utfördes för att vikta faktorerna. Metoden weighted linear combination användes för beräkning av slutresultat. Arbetet gav positivt resultat och lösningen kommer att vara användbar för framtagande av detaljplan och översikts-plan för en återvinningscentral. Metoden kommer att vara användbart vilket är må-let för det här arbetet dock behövs bättre data och mer analys av faktorer. / People tend to move to urban areas to study, find jobs, and get better opportunities. The population of big cities has increased, and it will also increase even more. Therefore, urban planning or community planning is important and one of the most important areas is waste management where waste from households is managed. In order to build waste management facilities as recycling centers, one needs to plan carefully, and environmental thinking is important. In order to locate optimal places, you need GIS technology. With the help of this technique, it is possible to make analysis and create maps that can, for example, be included in the master plan and the detail plan. The site provision is the most important thing in developing of planning stage before one can start with other processes because misplacement can cause problems like environment issues, security problems for the inhabitants and financial loss for the authority or the state for adjustments and relocations. At pre-sent, there are not many technical solutions that would facilitate location determina-tion.In poor countries, there is a lack of functioning waste management and many throw trashes everywhere. The study therefore has focus in developing countries where re-cycling centers need to be built. The purpose of the work is to find optimal places for recycling centers with GIS solutions.In the study, remote sensing and multi-criteria analysis were performed to find the optimal places for recycling centers. Supervised classification was used to extract classes. Data from Open Street Map was retrieved to supplement data for missing factors. The AHP method was performed to weight the factors. The weighted linear combination method was used to calculate the result. The work gave positive results and the solution will be useful for developing a detailed plan and overview plan for recycling centers. The method will be useful, which is the goal of this work, but im-proved data and more analysis of factors are needed.

Konsumtionen är ett miljöproblem i Sverige och den behöver ställas om mot en mer cirkulär ekonomi. En del av den cirkulära ekonomin är återanvändning. Återanvändning av saker är mer miljöeffektivt än att materialåtervinning. Trots att kommunala återvinningscentraler erbjuder möjlighet att lämna saker till återbruk slängs betydande mängder återanvändbara saker till energiåtervinning. Genom att kombinera tidigare studiers resultat kring nudging och återvinning med förutsättningarna som råder på Gävle återvinningscentral designades 3 nudges. En nudge använder en beskrivande social norm mot återbruk, en förenklar att återbruka och den sista kombinerar den förenklande nudgen med en beskrivande social norm. Dessa undersöker hur nudging som metod kan förmå avfallslämnare som avser att slänga återanvändbara saker att i stället återbruka dem. Fyra 4 hypoteser ställdes upp kring vilken effekt de framtagna nudges skulle ha och därefter genomfördes ett fältexperiment av författaren. Experimentet gav inget signifikant resultat varvid en diskussion förs kring hur förändringar i metoden skulle kunna påverka resultatet. Författaren anser att det inte går att förkasta de framtagna nudges utan att först genomföra ett modifierat experiment då det finns indikationer som tyder på ett gott utfall trots allt. / Consumption is an environmental issue in Sweden that must adapt towards circular economy. Re-use is a part of circular economy and is more environmentally friendly than material recycling. Even though municipal recycling centrals offers the possibility for their visitors to re-use functioning things, considerable amounts are still thrown to be energy recycled by incineration.  By combining results from studies about nudging and recycling with the conditions, physical and social, of Gävle recycling central, 3 nudges where designed. One uses a descriptive social norm about re-use, the second simplifies the behavior of re-use and the third combines the two previous nudges into one. These will be used to test if nudging as a method can convince waste throwers that intend to throw away re-usable things to re-use them instead. 4 hypotheses were formulated about the effect of the designed nudges and then a field experiment was conducted by the author. The experiment did not yield a significant result. The discussion focuses on how changes in the methodology could affect the result to make it more robust. The author is not ready to reject the designed nudges without testing them in a modified experiment as there are indications pointing towards a potential good result after all.

Solar energy industries are one of the fastest-growing industries in the global energy market. Between 2018 and 2019, installed capacity in Sweden increased by 70%. This is due to a combination of declining PV module and inverter costs, as well as  increased conversion to fossil-free energy production to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. In fact, solar PVs have a 25-year life span, and soon many deployed PVs would soon reach their end of life (EoL), it is, therefore, important to organize for the EoL of PVs in order to recover precious resources and recycle PV modules in a sustainable manner. Currently, less than 10% of global solar cell waste is recycled, due to the lack of incentives for recycling in most countries. In the European Union, used-up modules are governed by the WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) Directive, which requires the collection of 85% of solar cell waste, with at least 80% of the waste being prepared for reuse or recycling. Solar cell waste has not amounted to significant volumes in Sweden, due to the lack of no known systems for recycling. Used-up modules are currently collected and managed as electronic waste in one of two approved collection systems in Sweden. The aim of this thesis is to analyze and assess methods of recycling waste solar panels in Sweden and is it economically viable to set up a solar waste recycling center before it reaches the right amount of waste. Moreover, the main focus is on the analysis and comparison of the environmental impacts of various recycling methods for crystalline silicon (c-Si) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) panels. To recycle solar panel waste, the elements of these panels must be assessed from both an economic point of view as well as environmental impacts. Today, the most common PV panels in the global market and also Sweden are c-Si and CdTe types. The results showed except for the pyrolysis method, the environmental impacts of both c-Si and CdTe PV panels from the thermal-based recycling methods, are lower than chemical methods. Furthermore, the extraction of Al, Si, and glass from c-Si and the extraction of glass from CdTe has a less environmental impact than the current techniques used in the recycling of PV panels. Finally, in this study, we revealed which materials can be prioritized for maximum economic and environmental advantages from recycling. In c-Si modules, these are Ag, Al, Si, and glass and in CdTe modules, these are Te, Cu, and glass. Currently, investing in a new solar module recycling center in Sweden is not economically viable. Because the possibility of such an investment requires economic and political incentives. Given that by 2042 the volume of Swedish solar waste will not reach the minimum level of profitability to build a new specialized center for the recycling of solar modules, the best decision is to modify the existing plants in Sweden to recover expensive and vital materials.