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O papel do processo inferencial na compreensão de textos escritos / The role of the inferential process in written texts comprehensionMachado, Marco Antônio Rosa 20 December 2005 (has links)
Orientador: Anna Christina Bentes da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T07:27:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Esta dissertação investiga o processo de compreensão de textos escritos, focalizando mais especificamente o processo de geração de inferências realizado pelos leitores. Para isso investigamos as inferências que alunas do curso de Letras fazem (em comentários escritos) a partir de um texto literário narrativo. O corpus analisado neste trabalho é constituído por comentários escritos produzidos por alunas do segundo ano do curso de Letras de uma universidade pública do interior de Goiás, feitos a partir de três contatos (audição, leitura e comentário/leitura) com um texto literário narrativo: o conto ¿A gaivota¿, de Augusta Faro. Partimos do pressuposto de que a compreensão de textos depende tanto dos processos de decodificação como da realização de inferências, pois acreditamos ser muito difícil haver compreensão sem inferências. Inferência é tomada aqui como uma estratégia cognitiva pela qual o leitor gera uma informação semântica nova, a partir de uma informação semântica dada, em um determinado contexto. Tendo isto em mente, buscamos investigar (i) quais inferências são produzidas ao longo dos comentários escritos, considerando os diferentes contextos - audição/leitura - de recepção de um texto literário escrito; (ii) de que forma a exibição desta ¿competência inferencial¿ por parte destes sujeitos relaciona-se aos diferentes tipos de contexto. Além disso, buscamos relacionar o processo de compreensão dos elementos constitutivos da narrativa e as inferências realizadas nos comentários dos sujeitos. Percebemos que o processo inferencial está relacionado tanto aos esquemas mentais dos sujeitos como ao seu contexto pessoal, de modo que, utilizando-se destas duas fontes de informação extratextual, os sujeitos buscam estabelecer o sentido do texto com a realização de inferências lógicas, informativas e elaborativas. E, no caso específico do conto utilizado em nossa pesquisa, percebemos que as inferências giraram em torno dos elementos constitutivos desta narrativa, especialmente da personagem e da ação / Abstract: This dissertation examines the process of written texts comprehension, focusing specifically on the readers¿ production of inferences. We investigate the inferences that Languages undergraduate students make (in terms of written comments) from a literary narrative text. The analyzed corpus comprises written comments made by undergraduate students of the second year of the Language course at a State University from the countryside of Goiás. The comments were uttered from three types of contact (listening, reading and commenting/reading) with a literary narrative text: the short story ¿A gaivota¿, by Augusta Faro. We depart from the assumption that the comprehension of texts depends both on processes of decoding and inferring, regarding that there must not be comprehension if one draws no inferences. Inference is conceived here as a cognitive strategy by which the reader generates new semantic information, from a given piece of semantic information, in a given context. Thus, we intend to depict (i) which inferences are made (in terms of written comments) in different contexts (listening/reading), after reading a literary written text and (ii) in which terms the fact of such subjects display a ¿inferential competence¿ has to do to the different kinds of contexts. Besides, we intend to relate the process of comprehension of narrative text constitutive elements and the inferences made in the subjects¿ comments. We realized that the inferential process relates both to the subjects¿ mental schemes and to their personal context, so that the subjects, once based on these two sources of extra-textual information, engage on giving meaning to the text by making logical, informative and elaborative inferences. And, in the specific case of the short story applied to the research, we realized that the inferences encompass the constitutive elements of such narrative, specially the character and the action / Mestrado / Mestre em Linguística
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Det är viktigt att inte bara fokusera på görandet i arbetsboken : En kvalitativ studie om läromedlets roll i läsundervisningen / It is important to not only focus on the workbook : A qualitative study on the role of teaching aids in reading instructionBrandt, Sofie, Svedlind, Christoffer January 2024 (has links)
Syftet med studien är att få en större förståelse för hur lärare på lågstadiet arbetar med läromedel inom läsförståelse i sin svenskundervisning, vilken roll läromedlet har i deras planering samt hur lärarna bedriver sin undervisning i läsförståelse utifrån läromedlet. Vi har använt oss av en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer där tolv lärare från olika skolor har beskrivit sin syn på vad läromedlet har för inverkan i deras läsförståelseundervisning. I studien har vi även gjort en bakgrundsanalys på läromedlet, ABC-klubben Diamantjakten (Felth Sjölund och Hed Andersson, 2012), som de tolv intervjuade lärarna använder sig av i sin läsförståelseundervisning. Efter genomförandet av intervjuerna har det empiriska materialet analyserats i olika kategorier med utgångspunkt från studiens forskningsfrågor. Resultatet visar att majoriteten av lärarnas syn på läromedlet är positivt. De menar på att läromedlet blir som ett verktyg i deras grovplanering och de får en röd tråd i sin läsförståelseundervisning, och att läromedlets läsebok och arbetsbok kan skapa mer gemensamma diskussioner då eleverna läser samma text utifrån olika nivåer. Lärarna lyfter också att lässtrategier är en viktig del i läsundervisningen när eleverna ska ta sig an en text. Det framkommer även i resultaten att samtliga lärare ser ett behov av att komplettera sin läsundervisning med andra material. Dock framkommer det i resultaten att längre erfarenheter inom läraryrket har lett till att läromedlet inte har en lika stor roll längre i undervisningen, men att det finns en grund att utgå ifrån. / The purpose of the study is to gain a greater understanding of how teachers in primary school work with textbooks in reading comprehension in their a swedish-teaching, what role the textbooks have in their planning and how the teachers conduct their teaching in reading comprehension based on the textbooks. We have used qualitative method with semi-structured interviews where twelve teachers from different schools have described their views on the impact the teaching material has in their reading comprehension teaching. In the study, we also made a background analysis of one textbook, ABC-klubben: Diamantjakten, (Felth Sjölund and Hed Andersson, 2012) that the 12 interviewed teachers use in their teaching in reading comprehension. After conducting the interviews, the empirical material has been analyzed in different categories based on the study's research questions. The result shows that the majority of the teachers' view of the teaching material is positive. They mean that the teaching material becomes a tool in their rough-planning and they get a red thread in their reading comprehension teaching, and that the teaching material's reading book and workbook can create more joint discussions when the students read the same text in different levels. The teachers also emphasize that reading strategies are an important part of reading instruction when students are reading a text. It also appears in the results that all interviewed teachers see a need to supplement their reading teaching with other materials. However, it appears in the results that teachers with longer experience in the profession use the textbooks to a lesser extent, rather than a basis to start from.
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