Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

Coral reefs are arguably the most threatened marine habitat because of multiple anthropogenic stressors degrading the health and resilience of these systems. In the past 20 years there have been increasing observations of mass coral bleaching and mortality associated with increasing water temperatures in the tropics. Reefs provide ecosystem services worth billions of dollars to people living in tropical coastal areas and are the architects of one of the most beautiful structures found on earth. Conserving these habitats is paramount, and conservation planning must contend with climate change along with local and regional stressors. In this thesis Watamu Marine National Park in Kenya is used as a case study of the current challenges facing the conservation of reefs in a warming world. The Western Indian Ocean suffered dramatic bleaching during 1998, which caused the mortality of 70% of Watamu's corals. Using datasets from the 1980s to present the historical trajectory of Watamu's reef community is presented. The current ecosystem resilience is assessed to suggest how this reef will respond to future climate stress. It appears that Watamu's coral community has remained in an altered state post-1998, which, based on its past thermal stress and current coral community, should be resistant to future bleaching. Watamu's resilience and reef health is compared with other locations in the Indian Ocean, including reefs in Kenya and the Maldives that bleached in 1998 and examples from Mozambique and Sumatra of reefs with little evidence of historical thermal stress. Resilience is a multi-faceted process with different major components and numerous interacting factors, which act synergistically on the reef community. Conservation options and opportunities are discussed for the 6 locations examined, using current resilience models and theory as a framework for identifying priority actions. Local and regional-scale human impacts on shallow marine habitats during the last 50 years has been dramatic, and with global-scale climate change as an additional major threat, the next 50 years will be critical for the future of reefs. The locations visited during this study showed encouraging signs of resilience to past thermal stress, with evidence to suggest that corals are acclimatising and/or adapting to increasing water temperatures. The future of reefs in locations like Watamu is uncertain. Better understanding of reef ecology, appropriate conservation techniques and ultimately greater public concern for reefs is required to ensure that there is a future for these ecosystems in the Indian Ocean.

The world’s coral reefs are being impacted by myriad disturbances, from localized overfishing and nutrient pollution to global climate change-induced temperature increases and ocean acidification. Conservation of coral reefs in the face of increasing variability and uncertainty requires an understanding of the interacting effects of multiple stressors on the diverse components of these vital ecosystems. In this thesis, I use data from reefs around Kiritimati atoll (Republic of Kiribati) in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean to examine the effects of a severe pulse heat stress event and local human disturbance on two important components of the coral reef ecosystem – three-dimensional (3D) structural complexity and reef fish assemblages. Using 3D reef models constructed through structure-from-motion photogrammetry, I examined changes in reef structural complexity in the year following the 2015-2016 El Niño and mass coral bleaching event. I found that exposure to prolonged thermal stress and subsequent coral mortality resulted in declines in reef structural complexity, particularly reef surface rugosity and terrain ruggedness. Baseline levels of structural complexity were also negatively influenced by local human disturbance, while complexity was positively related to the densities of branching and massive coral growth forms. These findings have important implications for the maintenance of healthy reef ecosystems, as high levels of structural complexity are important for supporting diverse reef-associated fish assemblages. Next, using underwater visual censuses of reef fish assemblages, I quantified fish abundance, biomass, species richness, and assemblage structure before, during, and after the 2015-2016 El Niño. Total reef fish abundance, biomass, and species richness declined during the El Niño, suggesting that pulse heat stress events may have short-term, negative consequences for reef fish. Although these metrics did not vary substantially across the local human disturbance gradient, recovery of assemblages following the heat stress event was impeded by higher levels of local human disturbance. Reef fish assemblage structure was influenced by a more diverse array of factors, showing significant shifts in response to heat stress, human disturbance, and net primary productivity. Given the many important roles that fish play on coral reefs, declines such as those observed here may impair the ecological functioning of these ecosystems. Together, my results highlight the negative impacts of heat stress and local human disturbance on coral reefs, demonstrating ways in which these stressors may interact to limit reef resilience in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures. / Graduate / 2019-12-07

The Stillwater Complex J-M reef, the only economic platinum deposit in the United States, consists of a 0.5 to 4 m-thick stratiform horizon of PGE-rich sulfides in an Archean layered mafic intrusion. The origin of this reef has been studied extensively using geochemical methods, yet remains highly debated. Dynamic magmatic processes have been virtually ignored in these geochemical studies. Magnetic methods provide a proven inexpensive approach to offer rapid, and reproducible results to deliver insight into these dynamic processes. I propose to investigate the variations of magnetic properties of layered rocks of the Stillwater Complex in the stratigraphic vicinity of the J-M reef. In this study, detailed magnetic methods were performed on a 115 ft core containing the J-M reef and adjacent rocks. A previously undiscovered cyclicity of magnetic susceptibility was found in the hanging wall and J-M reef section. Further tests were performed to determine the origin of the magnetic cycles. The footwall section lacked the magnetic properties seen in the J-M reef and hanging wall rocks. Both anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, and high field magnetic data was collected at a high resolution interval along the core. It is possible that the results of this study can be used to constrain the origin of the ore body.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:01:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineSM.pdf: 1989491 bytes, checksum: 8a1f759349023fd90f5d13c4289e236d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The mollusks present a great taxon variety and life habits in coral reefs being good environmental indicators. It is important to know the distribution pattern of the mollusks and the processes that influence it, so that disturbances in sea ecosystems could be monitored. The present study aims to accomplish the inventory and distribution of epibenthic mollusks in the Parracho of Maracaja?. 23 sites in different habitats of the Parracho were settled: 11 in the reef habitat, 3 in the sandy bottom and 9 in the seagrass bed. Qualitative and quantitative samplings have been done through snorkeling and scuba diving. Three band transects (10m?) were sampled in each site and the data were obtained to each m? of the transect, where the species were counted and the environmental variables (rugosity and recovery of the substratum) were valued. The data were submitted to multivariate analyses in order to find possible distribution patterns that could be associated to the substratum variables. The diversity indexes were calculated for each reef sites and compared with each other. A number of 46 species were registered. The reef habit at should to be the richnest area while the sandy bottom was poorest one. In the reef habitat, the mollusks were associated to rugosity and recovering of frondose algae and zoanthids, while for the seagrass bed, the animals exhibited a richness variation associated to the muddy and sandy sediment. There were found 3 species economically explored, what requires an appropriate management for the maintenance and conservation of the area resources in a sustainable way / Os moluscos apresentam uma grande variedade de t?xons e h?bitos de vida nos recifes de coral mostrando-se bons indicadores ambientais. ? importante conhecer sua istribui??o e os fatores de influ?ncia a fim de auxiliar no monitoramento de poss?veis dist?rbios no ambiente marinho. O presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar o levantamento e distribui??o dos moluscos epibent?nicos no Parracho de Maracaja?. Foram definidos 23 s?tios de amostragem nos diferentes habitats do Parracho sendo 11 no habitat recifal, 3 no fundo arenoso e 9 nas faner?gamas marinhas. Foram realizadas amostragens qualitativas e quantitativas atrav?s de mergulhos livres e aut?nomos para obten??o dos dados de moluscos e caracter?sticas do substrato. Em cada s?tio foram amostrados 3 transec??es em faixa de 10 m?, onde os dados foram registrados a cada m? da transec??o, sendo ent?o contadas as esp?cies e valoradas as vari?veis ambientais (rugosidade e cobertura do substrato). Os dados foram submetidos a an?lises multivariadas para encontrar poss?veis padr?es de distribui??o, associadas ?s vari?veis de substrato mensuradas. Tamb?m foram calculados os ?ndices de diversidade para os s?tios recifais e comparados entre si. Registraram-se 46 esp?cies, com maior riqueza no habitat recifal, seguida nas faner?gamas marinhas e com menor valor, no fundo arenoso. No habitat recifal, os moluscos apresentaram-se associados ? rugosidade e cobertura de algas frondosas e zoant?deos, enquanto nas faner?gamas, os animais exibiram uma varia??o de riqueza associada ao sedimento lamoso e arenoso. Foram encontradas 3 esp?cies exploradas comercialmente, sendo necess?rio o manejo adequado visando a manuten??o e conserva??o dos recursos para a regi?o

Resumo: Acompanhar animais em atividade alimentar constitui um modo comum de forragear para peixes recifais que formam associações alimentares interespecíficas. Os peixes "seguidores" acompanham animais "nucleares" para aproveitar itens alimentares expostos ou produzidos através da atividade do nuclear. Tais associações alimentares são comuns para diversos tipos de peixes e outros animais, ocorrendo em variadas áreas geográficas. Este tipo de associação alimentar foi estudado no arquipélago oceânico de Fernando de Noronha, Atlântico Sul Ocidental tropical. O presente trabalho é composto de cinco artigos científicos, dispostos em quatro capítulos. O primeiro capítulo descreve associações alimentares entre peixes recifais e tartarugas marinhas. O segundo capítulo caracteriza o comportamento alimentar versátil de uma espécie de peixe recifal ao seguir outras espécies de peixes. O terceiro capítulo é composto de dois artigos; o primeiro trata da espécie de peixe nuclear mais comum e importante no arquipélago, ao passo que o segundo artigo descreve a associação entre seguidores e uma espécie de peixe cuja família não constava como nuclear. O quarto capítulo constitui uma revisão geral sobre o tema, com informações sobre o grupo de animais, na maioria peixes recifais, que forma associações alimentares interespecíficas como nucleares e/ou seguidores. A série de artigos científicos, apresentada no presente trabalho, amplia o conhecimento sobre agrupamentos alimentares e história natural da ictiofauna recifal no Atlântico Sul Ocidental tropical, além de modificar a situação deste tipo de associação alimentar na literatura científica mundial. / Abstract: Following behaviour is a foraging mode commonly recorded for reef fishes during heterospecific feeding associations. The followers escort so called nuclear foraging fishes and other animals to capitalise on food items exposed or produced by the activity of the nuclear ones. Such foraging associations are widespread and recorded for several fish and other marine animal taxa and geographic areas. This foraging mode was studied at the oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, tropical Southwest Atlantic. The present work is composed of five scientific papers, organized in four chapters. The first chapter describes foraging associations between reef fishes and marine turtles. The second chapter characterizes the variable foraging modes of a reef fish species while following other fishes. The third chapter is composed by two studies, the first dealing with the commonest and most important nuclear fish in the archipelago, while the second one describes the association between followers and a fish species in a family not previously recorded as a nuclear. The fourth chapter is an overview about this topic, with information about the assemblage of animals, mostly reef fishes, which engage in interspecific foraging associations as nuclears and/or followers. This series of articles broadens our understanding about feeding assemblages and natural history of reef fishes in the tropical Southwest Atlantic, besides modifying the knowledge on this type of foraging association. / Orientador: Augusto Shinya Abe / Coorientador: Ivan Sazima / Banca: Carlos Eduardo Leite Ferreira / Banca: Érica Caramaschi / Banca: Julio César Garavello / Banca: Sergio R. Floeter / Doutor

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-03-31T15:55:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Edivaldo Lima PPGBA_2015.pdf: 1216837 bytes, checksum: a0087d1ed1223b4689da6194020ad828 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-31T15:55:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Edivaldo Lima PPGBA_2015.pdf: 1216837 bytes, checksum: a0087d1ed1223b4689da6194020ad828 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-28 / FACEPE / O pisoteio decorrente do tráfego de pedestres sobre os recifes de coral é um fenômeno associado ao turismo em muitas praias de Pernambuco. No ambiente fital o pisoteio pode afetar as algas e a fauna associada, modificando a estrutura das comunidades. O filo Tardigrada é componente permanente da meiofauna sendo encontrado no sedimento marinho e associado a macroalgas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do pisoteio sobre os tardígrados associados ao fital dos recifes de Porto de Galinhas, PE. Para isso delineou-se experimentos observacionais e manipulativos com intuito de avaliar o impacto do turismo e das simulações de pisoteio humano sobre a comunidade de Tardigrada. No primeiro experimento foram determinadas estações pareadas ao longo dos recifes, seguindo os limites entre a área protegida e a exposta ao trafego humano, avaliando se a comunidade diferia em consequência do pisoteio. Os tardígrados apresentaram abundâncias aparentemente condicionadas pelo tipo de substrato, mostrando reduções na densidade quando associados a Gelidiela acerosa, e exibindo maior densidade na área impactada quando associados Chodrophicus papillosus. Para o segundo experimento foram determinados transects na área protegida do recife e executados dois níveis de intensidade de pisoteio sobre o substrato recifal. A avaliação do efeito do pisoteio seguiu um desenho experimental BACI (Antes/Depois e Controle/Impacto), sendo as amostras coletadas para monitoramento do nível de recuperação da comunidade com um, dois e três meses após cessado o pisoteio. Como resultado deste trabalho, houve redução das variáveis do substrato algal (biomassa, cobertura, peso do substrato e altura do tapete) e também na densidade de Tardigrada, com valores seguindo uma tendência de redução tanto maior o nível de estresse. Variações locais, foram determinantes para a estrutura da comunidade de Tardigrada, dificultando a compreensão dos efeitos do impacto. O processo de recuperação foi independente da intensidade do distúrbio, alcançando valores estabilizados já no primeiro mês. / The trampling resulting from pedestrian traffic on coral reefs is a phenomenon associated with tourism in many beaches of Pernambuco. In phytal environment the trampling can affect the algae and associated fauna, modifying the structure of communities. The phylum Tardigrada is permanent component of the meiofauna being found in marine sediment and associated with macroalgae. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of trampling on tardigrades associated with the phytal of reefs of Porto de Galinhas, PE. For this were outlined observational and manipulative experiments in order to assess the impact of tourism and simulations of human trampling on the community of tardigrades. In the first experiment were paired certain stations along the reefs, following the boundaries of the protected area and exposed to human traffic, assessing whether the community differed as a result of trampling. The tardigrades presented abundances apparently conditioned by the type of substrate, showing reductions in density when associated with a Gelidiela acerosa, and exhibiting higher density in the impacted area when associated Chodrophicus papillosus. For the second experiment were determined transects in protected reef area and run two levels of intensity of trampling on reef substrate. The evaluation of the effect of trampling followed a experimental design BACI (Before / After and Control / Impact), being the samples collected for monitoring of the level of recovery of the community with one, two and three months after trampling ceased. As a result of this work, there was a reduction of the algal substrate variables (biomass, cover, substrate weight and turf height) and also the density of tardigrades, with values following a trend of greater reduction in both the level of stress. Local variations were crucial to the structure of the tardigrades community, making the understanding of the effects of the impact difficult. The recovery process was independent of the intensity of the disturbance, reaching values stabilized in the first month.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-02-16T13:02:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO_FELIPE_Biblioteca.pdf: 2170000 bytes, checksum: af1703db79d97fbe8ce2535a90aa2574 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-16T13:02:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO_FELIPE_Biblioteca.pdf: 2170000 bytes, checksum: af1703db79d97fbe8ce2535a90aa2574 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-31 / CNPq / No Brasil os estudos um dos principais focos dos estudos etológicos com peixes recifais é a espécie Stegastes fuscus (Cuvier, 1830); a mais representativa em abundância e frequência nos recifes rasos de Pernambuco. Neste contexto, este estudo teve por objetivos; (1) descrever o repertório comportamental de S. fuscus, criando etogramas descritivos e ilustrados com todos os comportamentos observados, e (2) analisar o comportamento de defesa territorial da espécie. Dez horas de observações preliminares e 68h de observações ad libitum e animal focal, e 20h de experimento in situ foram realizadas nos recifes naturais da praia de Porto de Galinhas, Ipojuca. Três áreas foram escolhias por suas características diferentes: (1) ponto do Fundo Recifal, (2) ponto da Praia, (3) ponto do Topo Recifal. As observações geraram um etograma com nove categorias comportamentais motoras: natação, alimentação, defecação, limpeza de território, limpeza do corpo, saída do território, interação social, abrigo, agonístico; e duas sonoras: pop e burr. O ponto do fundo recifal foi o de menor densidade de S. fuscus, com 0,3 peixes/m², e onde se encontraram os maiores territórios (1,45 m² em média). Os maiores valores de densidade, cobertura e locas foram encontrados no ponto da Palythoa. As regressões obtidas para o comprimento dos indivíduos e as variáveis avaliadas mostraram tendência para a relação entre o comprimento dos indivíduos e o número de locas, no ponto do fundo. Provavelmente neste pontoo mais importante para os peixes é a presença de abrigo. Foram registrados peixes afastando-se quase 10 m de seus territórios. Pode-se afirmar que área de vida da espécie está associada ao ambiente ao redor. A taxa de alimentação diminuiu conforme aumentou o número de interações agonística. O número de atos alimentares por minuto só diminuiu de forma significativa quando houve mais de dois atos agonísticos. Este ponto representa um limiar que define até onde é vantajoso para o peixe manter a defesa de territórios. Durante as observações experimentaisforam identificados sete padrões de reação aos objetos. São elas: evitar, não interagir, observar e sair, observar e aproximar-se aos poucos, observar e examinar, observar e ameaçar com display, e observar e expulsar. As diferentes respostas demonstram como o comportamento territorialista da espécie está tão associado às variações individuais e às ambientais. O presente estudo identificou três padrões comportamentais que não foram descritos anteriormente em estudos comportamentais com a família Pomacentridae. / In Brazil the major focus of ethological studies on reef fishes is Stegastes fuscus (Cuvier, 1830); the most representative fish species in abundance and frequency in the shallow reefs of Pernambuco. In this context, this study aimed; (1) describe the behavioral repertoire of S. fuscus, creating descriptive and illustrated ethograms with all the observed behaviors, and (2) to analyze the territorial defense behavior of the species. Ten hours of preliminary observations, 68h of ad libitum and focal animal observations and 20h of in situ experiment were performed on the natural reefs of Porto de Galinhas, Ipojuca. Three areas were chosen by their different characteristics: (1) Reef bottom site, (2) Beach site, (3) Reef flat site. The observations resulted in an ethogram with nine motor behavioral categories: swimming, feeding, defecation, territory maintenance, chafe, leaving the territory, social interaction, shelter antagonistic; and 2 sound: pop and burr. The point of the reef bottom has the lowest density of S. fuscus, with 0.3 fish / m², and where the larger territories were found (1.45 m² on average). The highest density, coverage and hollows values were found at the reef flat. The regressions obtained for the length of the individuals and the variables evaluated tended to find a relationship between the length of individuals and the number of hollows the reef bottom. Probably it’s more important for the fish the presence of shelter. Fish were recorded almost 10 m away of their territories. The home range of the species is associated with the environment around. The feed rate decreased as the number of agonistic interactions increased. The number of feeding acts per minute only decreased significantly when there were more than two agonistic actions per minute. This point is a threshold that defines how far it is advantageous for the fish to keep the protection areas. During the experiment it were identified seven reaction patterns to objects. They are: prevent, not interact, observe and leave, observe and approach slowly, observe and examine, observe and frontal display, and observe and leave. The different responses demonstrate how territorial behavior of the species is associated with individual and environmental variations. This study identified three behavioral patterns that have not been described previously in behavioral studies with the Pomacentridae family.

Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-25T16:17:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL SAWANA BORGES.pdf: 1343555 bytes, checksum: 626a5657eff4bd97ecd102c75073d331 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-25T16:17:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL SAWANA BORGES.pdf: 1343555 bytes, checksum: 626a5657eff4bd97ecd102c75073d331 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-26 / As áreas recifais que se utilizam do turismo são susceptíveis às mudanças em sua fauna e flora como impactos negativos. Alguns cnidários são importantes bioindicadores de alterações físico-químicas no ecossistema. Devido a isso, foi realizada a análise da microbiota simbionte do zoantídeo Palythoa caribaeorum na Praia de Porto de Galinhas (PE) para avaliação da influência temporal e do pisoteio nesse organismo. As amostras foram coletadas mensalmente no período de junho a dezembro do ano de 2012, em áreas com pisoteio e sem pisoteio. Foram analisadas as variáveis de densidade populacional, índice mitótico, diâmetro celular e clorofilas a e c das zooxantelas e altura, quantidade e volume dos pólipos de P. caribaoerum associadas com alguns parâmetros abióticos (pluviosidade, temperatura, salinidade, pH e nutrientes). Foi observada variação significativa do índice mitótico, com maior média no período chuvoso (9.38 ± 0.62%) e diâmetro celular, com maior média no período de estiagem (11.30 ± 0.91μm). A pluviosidade, a salinidade, o pH, o fosfato e o silicato exerceram uma influência significativa no índice mitótico e no diâmetro celular das zooxantelas. O volume dos pólipos apresentou diferença significativa temporal, com maiores valores no período chuvoso e também influenciou no índice mitótico e no diâmetro celular desses simbiontes. A clorofila a variou de forma significativa entre os dois períodos estudados, apresentando maiores valores no período chuvoso. A biomassa clorofiliana (clorofilas a e c) foi influenciada pela pluviosidade, salinidade, volume dos pólipos e pelos sais nutrientes nitrito, fosfato e silicato. O pisoteio dos banhistas sobre os recifes não demonstrou influência sobre as variáveis estudadas, apesar do escossistema recifal sofrer intensa atividade turística. O zoantídeo P. caribaoerum indicou uma forte adaptação aos estresses ambientais, apresentando métodos para compensar a influência da variação dos fatores abióticos, não sofrendo intervenções na capacidade fotossintética dos seus simbiontes. / The reef areas that use tourism are susceptible to changes in flora and fauna as negative impacts. Some cnidarians are important bioindicators of physicochemical changes in the ecosystem. Because of this, analysis of the symbiotic microbiota zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum in Porto de Galinhas Beach (PE) to assess the temporal influence and trampling were applied in this organism. Samples were collected monthly from June to December of the year 2012, in areas with and without trampling. The variables of population density, mitotic index, cell diameter and chlorophyll a and c of zooxanthellae and height, number and volume of polyps were analyzed for P. caribaoerum associated with some abiotic parameters (rainfall, temperature, salinity, pH, and nutrients). Significant variation in mitotic index was observed, with the highest average in the rainy season (9.38 ± 0.62%) and cell diameter, with the highest average in the dry season (30.11 ± 0.91μm). Rainfall, salinity, pH, phosphate and silicate exerted a significant influence on the mitotic index and the cell diameter of the zooxanthellae. The volume of polyps showed significant temporal differences, with higher values in the rainy season and also influenced the mitotic index and the cell diameter of these symbionts. The chlorophyll a was significantly different between the two study periods, with higher values in the rainy season. The chlorophyllian biomass (chlorophyll a and c) was influenced by rainfall, salinity, volume of polyps and the nutrient salts nitrite, phosphate and silicate. The trampling of bathers on the reefs showed no influence on these variables, although the reef escossistem suffer intense tourist activity. The zoanthid P. caribaoerum indicated a strong adaptation to environmental stresses, presenting methods to compensate the influence of the variation of abiotic factors, not suffering interventions in the photosynthetic capacity of their symbionts.

Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-25T16:57:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) dissertação Cláudio Oceanografia.pdf: 1598552 bytes, checksum: 2f98d7d6edbf021730ab15fbc7a05dcd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-25T16:57:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) dissertação Cláudio Oceanografia.pdf: 1598552 bytes, checksum: 2f98d7d6edbf021730ab15fbc7a05dcd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / Os ambientes costeiros estão entre os mais ameaçados do mundo. O turismo corresponde a um dos principais processos antrópicos, geralmente feito de forma desordenada, degradando os recifes. Porto de Galinhas (aprox 70 km de recife) é um dos maiores pólos turísticos do Brasil recebendo cerca de 400 mil visitantes na alta estação (novembro a fevereiro). Por falta de uma fiscalização eficiente, impactos como pisoteio e atracamentos das jangadas nos corais estão destruindo a área, modificando a comunidade do local. Para avaliar a qualidade do ambiente, além de parâmetros físicos, são necessários indicadores biológicos, sendo os peixes os mais utilizados. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar possíveis mudanças na comunidade que vive no topo e crista recifal, determinando quais espécies seriam consideradas bioindicadores. A chamada “piscina dos oito” foi selecionada como área de estudo, que foi separada em duas áreas: tratamento e controle. Os pontos selecionados possuem características geomorfológicas semelhantes, diferenciando-se pela ocupação (tratamento) ou não (controle) das Jangadas. Um total de 48 censos, no período de jul/12 a jun/13 (24 no domingo e 24 na segunda) foram realizados. No estudo, foram contabilizados 3.508 indivíduos, pertencentes a 31 espécies de 16 famílias de peixes nas duas áreas amostradas nos recifes de Porto de Galinhas. Na área tratamento foram vistas 21 espécies, número menor quando comparado com a área controle no qual que foram identificados 28. As famílias mais representativas foram Labridae (8 espécies), seguida por Pomacentridae (4 espécies). Pomacentridae, marcadamente representada por Stegastes fuscus (n= 2.344), representando 66% do total identificado. Foi verificada diferença na diversidade de espécies entre as áreas tratamento e controle. Este resultado mostrou-se significativo (p=0,001), no qual a área controle apresenta uma maior diversidade de espécies. Os dados coletados indicam uma mudança na estrutura da comunidade situada na crista recifal em Porto de Galinhas. Algumas espécies aproveitam-se do impacto decorrente das jangadas, que remove a cobertura algal e os organismos que ali vivem, facilitando a disponibilidade de alimento. Outras espécies reagem diferentemente a estes impactos abrigando-se embaixo das jangadas, provavelmente em busca de sobra e/ou proteção, enquanto outras fogem e somente são encontradas na área controle. Pode-se concluir que os impactos antropogênicos decorrentes do uso excessivo de jangadas estão modificando a diversidade, abundancia e comportamento na comunidade de peixes na “piscina dos oito” de Porto de Galinhas. / Coastal environments are among the most threatened in the world. Tourism represents one of the main anthropogenic processes, usually done in a disorderly manner, with that, degrading reefs. Porto de Galinhas (approx. 70km reef ) is one of the biggest tourist centers in Brazil with about 400 thousand visitors in the high season (November to February). For lack of effective monitoring, the impact of rafts such as trampling and docking are destroying reefs in the area, modifying the local community. To evaluate the quality of the environment, and physical parameters, biological indicators are needed, the fish is the most used. The objective was to determine possible changes in the community that lives at the top and reef’s crest, determining which species would be considered bio-indicators. The so-called "Piscina dos oito" was selected as study field, which was separated into two areas: treatment and control. The selected points have similar geo-morphological characteristics, differentiating them by occupation (treatment ) or not (control ) of the rafts . 3,508 individuals belonging to 31 species of 16 families of fish sampled in two areas on the reefs of Porto de Galinhas were identified. In the treatment area 21 species were seen, a lower number compared with the control area in which they have been identified 28. The most representative families were Labridae (8 species), followed by Pomacentridae (4 species). Pomacentridae, highly represented by Stegastes fuscus (n=2,344), representing 66 % of the total identified. Difference in species diversity between the treatment and control areas was observed during the research months (july/12 to june/13) for both Sunday and Monday. This result was significant (p=0.001), in which the control area has a greater diversity of species. The data collected indicate a change in the structure of the reef’s crest community located in Porto de Galinhas. Some species take advantage of the arising impact of the rafts, which removes the alga cover and the organisms that live there, making it easier for food. Other species react differently to these impacts sheltering beneath the rafts, probably in search of leftovers and/or protection, while others flee and are only found in the control area. It can be concluded that anthropogenic impacts resulting from excessive use of rafts are changing the diversity, abundance and behavior in fish community "Piscina dos Oito" Porto de Galinhas.