A necessidade de evolução de sistemas legados tem aumentado significativamente com o surgimento de novas tecnologias. Para apoiar essa tendência, diversos métodos de reengenharia têm sido propostos. No entanto, poucos possuem apoio computacional efetivo, alguns utilizam padrões de projeto ou padrões específicos de reengenharia, e nenhum utiliza framework baseado em linguagem de padrões. Este trabalho está inserido no domínio de Sistemas de Informação. Propõe a elaboração de um arcabouço de reengenharia ágil baseado em framework, que realiza a engenharia reversa do sistema legado com o apoio de linguagem de padrões de análise, fornecendo entendimento e documentação necessários para instanciar o framework. O entendimento do sistema legado também é apoiado pela sua execução, por meio de casos de teste. Esses casos de teste são utilizados posteriormente para validar o sistema alvo. O framework, cuja construção é baseada em linguagem de padrões, é utilizado para obter o projeto e a implementação do sistema alvo. Para permitir a reengenharia com o apoio do arcabouço definido, um processo ágil de reengenharia foi criado. Como no desenvolvimento de software, grande parte do tempo da reengenharia é despendido com atividades de VV&T. Para minimizar esse problema, uma abordagem de reúso de teste é proposta. Essa abordagem agrega recursos de teste aos padrões da linguagem de padrões de análise, permitindo o reúso, não somente das soluções de análise, como também dos recursos de testes associados. O uso de framework na reengenharia de software colabora para a sua evolução, pois o domínio ao qual pertence pode evoluir, já que nem todos os requisitos do domínio do framework podem ter sido elicitados durante o seu desenvolvimento. Assim, nesta tese é proposto também um processo de evolução de frameworks de aplicação. Os processos e a abordagem propostos são associados ao arcabouço definido para apoiar sua efetividade. Além disso, para avaliar o processo ágil de reengenharia, que fornece reúso em diversos níveis de abstração, um pacote de experimentação também é parcialmente definido. Estudos de caso e exemplos de uso foram conduzidos com os produtos definidos. Ressalta-se que outros estudos devem ser conduzidos para permitir a determinação de resultados com significância estatística. / The need to evolve legacy systems has increased significantly with the advent of new technologies. To support this tendency, several reengineering methods have been proposed. However, few have effective computing support, some use design patterns or reengineering specific patterns and none use pattern language-based frameworks. This thesis's theme belongs to the Information Systems domain. An agile framework based reengineering infrastructure is proposed for the legacy system reverse engineering with the support of an analysis pattern language; also provided the understanding and documentation necessary for framework instantiation. The legacy system understanding is also supported by its execution with test cases. These are also subsequently used to validate the target system. The framework, whose construction is based on the analysis pattern language, is used to obtain the target system design and implementation. To allow the reengineering with the infrastructure support, an agile reengineering process has been created. As in software development, a large portion of the reengineering time is spent with VV&T activities. To minimize this problem, a testing reuse approach is proposed in this thesis. This approach aggregates test resources to the patterns of the analysis pattern language allowing reuse, not only of the analysis solutions, but also of the associated test resources. The framework used in software reengineering contributes to its evolution, as the domain to which they belong may evolve, and some of the framework domain requirements might not have been elicited during its development. Thus, in this thesis, a process for application framework evolution is also proposed. The processes and the approach are associated to the infrastructure defined to support its effectiveness. Furthermore, to evaluate the agile reengineering process that provides reuse at several abstraction levels, an experimentation package is also partially defined. Case studies and examples of use have been conducted with the products defined. We stress that other studies have to be done to enable the determination of results with statistical significance.

Orientador: Jesus José Ranieri / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T03:44:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas_MarcilioRodrigues_M.pdf: 1591371 bytes, checksum: b089e7cd0e1e1e91cf3e174daaa32c02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Este trabalho visa analisar a reestruturação produtiva ocorrida na Votorantim Metais- Unidade Três Marias (VMTM), a partir da década de 1990 e as mudanças na ação sindical nesse contexto. O objetivo é compreender as estratégias e programas implementados pela empresa e a experiência dos trabalhadores, em termos de adesão e resistência, diante de tal processo, enfocando principalmente os impactos sobre a organização do sindicato local. A reestruturação produtiva da empresa, pertencente a um dos maiores grupos empresariais do Brasil, caracterizou-se por um conjunto de mudanças técnico-organizacionais que modificaram profundamente o cotidiano da fábrica, no qual se pode destacar alguns elementos centrais: 1) inserção de novas tecnologias que possibilitam maior controle e integração das cadeias produtivas; 2) redução, em torno de 70%, do efetivo direto de funcionários, através de demissões e terceirizações; 3) prolongamento da jornada dos turnos de revezamento (além do uso recorrente de horas-extras); 4) flexibilização das formas de remuneração, principalmente com a introdução, em 1996, do Programa de Participação nos Resultados; 5) introdução de uma série de programas de gestão e controle da força de trabalho, voltados para a intensificação do ritmo de trabalho e para a exigência de maior envolvimento dos trabalhadores com os interesses empresariais. Nesse quadro de mudanças, os trabalhadores apresentam posições diversas, que refletem a condição paradoxal, reforçada pela reestruturação, que se caracteriza pela exigência de envolvimento com os interesses da empresa e, ao mesmo tempo, pelo permanente controle e pela contínua pressão por resultados. Tais contradições e ambigüidades se refletem nos dilemas e na forma de atuar do sindicato local, num contexto em que se registram embates não só com a empresa, mas também com os próprios trabalhadores. Na medida em que apresentamos todo o processo analisado, procuramos relacioná-lo com os movimentos mais gerais do capitalismo mundial, especialmente com a dinâmica política e econômica brasileira. Dessa forma, buscamos ressaltar tanto a representatividade da reestruturação produtiva ocorrida na VMTM, como as particularidades desta experiência concreta, ressaltando principalmente a experiência dos trabalhadores e a sua ação sindical / Abstract: This work analyses the productive restructuring process occurring at Votorantim Metals - Três Marias Unit (VMTM) - one of the major entrepreneurship groups in Brazil - since the 1990's, and the changes in trade union practice in this context. Our aim is to understand the strategies and programs implemented by the company and worker's experience in terms of adhesion and resistance in face of such process, focusing on its impact on the local trade union organization. The company's productive restructuring process consisted in several technoorganizational changes that deeply modified the plant's routine, among which we stress the following central elements: 1) the adoption of new technologies that enable grater control and integration of the productive chains; 2) the downsizing of 70% of the direct labor cost, through layoffs and outsourcing; 3) Increasing the length of rotation shifts (besides the recurring use of over-time work); 4) greater flexibility of payment methods, mainly through the Gain Sharing Program, implemented in 1996; 5) the introduction of a series of labor force control and management programs, devoted to increase the work pace and workers' involvement in business concerns. Given this changing setting, the workers assume different positions, reflecting the paradoxical condition, marked by demands of involvement in business concerns and, at the same time, by the permanent control and the continuous pressure for results, reinforced by the restructuring process. Such contradictions and ambivalences are reflected by the dilemmas and actions of the local trade union, where clashes occur not only with the management but also with the workers. Throughout the presentation of the entire process, we have tried to show its relationship to broader shifts in global capitalism, and specifically to Brazilian political and economic dynamics. Therefore, we aim to stress not only the representative character of VMTM productive restructuring, but also the singularities of this concrete experience, with emphasis on workers' experience and their trade union practice / Mestrado / Sociologia do Trabalho / Mestre em Sociologia

M.Inf. / Belbin's team role theory is a popular team building tool. This study aims to establish whether Belbin's theory can be meaningfully applied to an information service enterprise. Belbin's team role theory is explained and its uniqueness, when compared with similar theories such as Margerison and McCann's team role theory and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, is highlighted. Belbin's theory is then applied to a team in the Unisa Library to evaluate how the 'end-user', the trainee, views the value of this team role theory. Their views are then evaluated using a research/evaluation questionnaire. The findings are discussed and the conclusion is reached that Belbin's team role theory can be meaningfully applied in an information service enterprise. The feedback of the respondents indicates that they were satisfied with the accuracy and truthfulness of the results and that they were of the opinion that their team roles reflected their personalities rather than their values and culture. For them the main value lies in the renewed self-insight and increased self-confidence gained from the exercise. They also indicated its potential for improved cooperation and problem solving within team context. Furthermore they were confident that the team roles could be used when the reengineering plan is implemented in the Unisa Library. Finally it is recommended that team building needs to form an integral part of the reengineering implementation process. With regard to team development the need to focus on the 'task', 'team', 'individual' and the 'organisational context' is emphasised.

The thesis deals with a detailed analysis of a small construction company, and is focused on change in management and operational processes. The aim of this work is through scientific literature to find methods to change processes in the company. The first chapter is a theoretical and methodological, that analyzing the theoretical knowledge of literature. Define terms such as enterprise processes in the enterprise, methods of analyzing performance and the ways they changes- reengineering. The second chapter presents a specific company, its goals and activities. The third chapter will focus on a detailed analysis of business performance through financial analysis to detect threats and opportunities from the environment and the company from competitors by analyzing the PEST and Porter's model of competitive forces. SWOT analysis provides the results of all analysis. These are the base for any solution of the construction company in the fourth chapter, focusing on the changes in the management and production processes of the company, due to which would increase their performance and obtain better market position.

The graduation thesis is focused on the methods which are frequently used for racionalization of organization structures in the banking sector. Thesis discribes practical examples to present racionalization organization methods, theirs practical using, compare them and assess their effectivity and relevancy for the banking sector.

Process management is frequently used term these days. The aim of this diploma thesis is to explain, what „process“ actually means, what has been the historical evolution, what are its alternatives, but mainly what are the benefits for the company. Even though the title of this thesis is „Process model of trading company“, its content goes further than that. Creation of company’s process model is only one part, even though important, of the process- based management of the company (Business Process Management, BPM). Moreover, the methods and procedures described in this thesis can be used almost in any company, not only in the trading one. The main contribution of this thesis is in its broad view of process management. This thesis deals with some topics, which at the first sight don’t even relate to BPM (ISO standards or Change Management). Nevertheless, after closer examination the link becomes obvious. Most of the methods described in the theoretical part of this document are later used in its practical part for the BPM implementation proposal in the concrete company. The read is thus given an option to immediately confront theory with reality and visualize sometimes very general theoretical procedures. This document is structured in 5 chapters. The first chapter introduces a reader to this thesis topic, reasons for its selection and the aims, benefits and limitations. The second chapter shows the meaning of process management in the broader context of related concepts. The aim of the third chapter is to show practical use of process management. The fourth chapter is dedicated to implementation proposal of BPM in specific company. First, the company is described and its main aspects analyzed, which enables to present the company strategy. Then, the most important company processes are modeled and described, together with their evaluation and optimization proposal. The benefits and advantages of BPM are outlined in the closing chapter.

While there is a growing recognition of the importance of System of Systems (SoS), there is still little agreement on just what they are or on by what principles they should be constructed. Actually, there are numerous SoS definitions in the literature. The difficulty in specifying what are the constituent systems, what they are supposed to do, and how they are going to do it frequently lead SoS initiatives to complete failures. Guided by a sample SoS that comprises all the distinguishing SoS characteristics and a generic SoS Engineering (SoSE) process, this thesis explores the SoS development from different Software Engineering (SE) perspectives that include requirements, analysis, design, and reengineering. For the Requirements Engineering (RE), we propose a scene-based RE approach to describe the SoS progressively as an arrangement of elementary but meaningful related behaviors named scenes. The objective is making easier the description and the understanding of the SoS dynamism. For the analysis, we propose extensions to statecharts to visually improve the modeling of systems interactions. They are symbolic notations that result from an analogy with multi-layer Printed Circuit Boards (PCB). The resulting diagrams are named PCBstatecharts. For the design, we propose an extension to the conventional SPLE process in such a way that SPL can become a natural source of SoS members. Domain engineering is extended to deliver components able to share abilities in SoS environments. Then, application engineers can design families of products that comply with different SoS requirements and still improve their products using the abilities of other SoS members. For the reengineering, we propose an approach extension to evolve legacy systems to SPL and then to SoS members. We demonstrate that when legacy systems are reengineered properly, they can share useful abilities, work cooperatively, and compose SoS / Apesar do crescente reconheciimento da importância de Sistemas de Sistemas (SoS) ainda não há um consenso sobre o que eles são um para que princípios devem ser construídos. De fato, existem várias definições de SoS na literatura. A dificuldade de especificar quais são os sistemas constituintes, as suas tarefas e como eles irão realizá-las frequentemente conduzem iniciativas de SoS ao completo fracasso. Guiados por um exemplo que inclui todas as características distintas de um SoS e um processo genérico de engenharia de SoS (SoSE), esta tese explora o desenvolvimento de SoS a partir de diferentes perspectivas da engenharia de software (SE), que incluem requisitos, análise, projeto e reengenharia. Para a engenharia de requisitos (RE) é proposta uma abordagem para descrever progressivamente um SoS como um arranjo de comportamentos mais simples, porém significativos, denominados \'cenas\'. O objetivo é facilitar a descrição e o entendimento do SoS e seu dinamismo. Para a análise, propõe-se as extensões de statecharts para melhorar a modelagem das interações entre sistemas. Elas são notações simbólicas que resultam de uma analogia com placas de circuito impresso multi camadas (PCB). Os diagramas resultantes são denominados PCB-statecharts. Para o projeto, é proposta uma extensão para o processo convencional de engenharia de linha de produtos (SPLE), de tal forma que linhas de produto (SPL) possam se tornar uma fonte natural de membros para SoS. A engenharia de domínio é estendida para prover componentes capazes de compartilhar habilidades em ambientes de SoS. Desta forma, engenheiros de aplicação podem projetar famílias de produtos complacentes com diferentes requisitos de SoS e ainda melhorar seus produtos usando habilidades de outros membros de um SoS. Para a reengenharia propõe-se extensão de uma abordagem existente para evoluir legados para SPL e depois para membros de um SoS. O objetivo é demonstrar que quando sistemas legados são tratados apropriadamente, eles podem compartilhar habilidades úteis, trabalhar de maneira cooperativa e compor SoS

Subject of the graduation theses is to propose improvement of the current terms and make a proposal for an amendment. Changes leading to the transportation retrenchment and to reduction of the material and moulding usage. Teoretical part contains characteristics of processes, methodology and philoshophy for improving of company processes.In the practical part is analysed problem, made propositions of process improvement and estimation of contributions solutions.

Les technologies logicielles ne cessent d'évoluer pour faciliter le développement, le déploiement et la maintenance d'applications dans différents domaines. En parallèle, ces applications évoluent en continu pour garantir une bonne qualité de service et deviennent de plus en plus complexes. Cette évolution implique souvent des coûts de développement et de maintenance de plus en plus importants, auxquels peut s'ajouter une augmentation des coûts de déploiement sur des infrastructures d'exécution récentes comme le cloud. Réduire ces coûts et améliorer la qualité de ces applications sont actuellement des objectifs centraux du domaine du génie logiciel. Récemment, les microservices sont apparus comme un exemple de technologie ou style architectural favorisant l'atteinte de ces objectifs.Alors que les microservices peuvent être utilisés pour développer de nouvelles applications, il existe des applications monolithiques (i.e., monolithes) cons-truites comme une seule unité et que les propriétaires (e.g., entreprise, etc.) souhaitent maintenir et déployer sur le cloud. Dans ce cas, il est fréquent d'envisager de redévelopper ces applications à partir de rien ou d'envisager une migration vers de nouveaux styles architecturaux. Redévelopper une application ou réaliser une migration manuellement peut devenir rapidement une tâche longue, source d'erreurs et très coûteuse. Une migration automatique apparaît donc comme une solution évidente.L'objectif principal de notre thèse est de contribuer à proposer des solutions pour l'automatisation du processus de migration d'applications monolithiques orientées objet vers des microservices. Cette migration implique deux étapes : l'identification de microservices et le packaging de ces microservices. Nous nous focalisons sur d'identification en s'appuyant sur une analyse du code source. Nous proposons en particulier deux approches.La première consiste à identifier des microservices en analysant les relations structurelles entre les classes du code source ainsi que les accès aux données persistantes. Dans cette approche, nous prenons aussi en compte les recommandations d'un architecte logiciel. L'originalité de ce travail peut être vue sous trois aspects. Tout d'abord, les microservices sont identifiés en se basant sur l'évaluation d'une fonction bien définie mesurant leur qualité. Cette fonction repose sur des métriques reflétant la "sémantique" du concept "microservice". Deuxièmement, les recommandations de l'architecte logiciel ne sont exploitées que lorsqu'elles sont disponibles. Enfin, deux modèles algorithmiques ont été utilisés pour partitionner les classes d'une application orientée objet en microservices : un algorithme de regroupement hiérarchique et un algorithme génétique.La deuxième approche consiste à extraire à partir d'un code source orienté objet un workflow qui peut être utilisé en entrée de certaines approches existantes d'identification des microservices. Un workflow décrit le séquencement de tâches constituant une application suivant deux formalismes: un flot de contrôle et/ou un flot de données. L'extraction d'un workflow à partir d'un code source nécessite d'être capable de définir une correspondance entre les concepts du mon-de objet et ceux d'un workflow.Pour valider nos deux approches, nous avons implémenté deux prototypes et mené des expérimentations sur plusieurs cas d'étude. Les microservices identifiés ont été évalués qualitativement et quantitativement. Les workflows obtenus ont été évalués manuellement sur un jeu de tests. Les résultats obtenus montrent respectivement la pertinence des microservices identifiés et l'exactitude des workflows obtenus. / Software technologies are constantly evolving to facilitate the development, deployment, and maintenance of applications in different areas. In parallel, these applications evolve continuously to guarantee an adequate quality of service, and they become more and more complex. Such evolution often involves increased development and maintenance costs, that can become even higher when these applications are deployed in recent execution infrastructures such as the cloud. Nowadays, reducing these costs and improving the quality of applications are main objectives of software engineering. Recently, microservices have emerged as an example of a technology or architectural style that helps to achieve these objectives.While microservices can be used to develop new applications, there are monolithic ones (i.e., monoliths) built as a single unit and their owners (e.g., companies, etc.) want to maintain and deploy them in the cloud. In this case, it is common to consider rewriting these applications from scratch or migrating them towards recent architectural styles. Rewriting an application or migrating it manually can quickly become a long, error-prone, and expensive task. An automatic migration appears as an evident solution.The ultimate aim of our dissertation is contributing to automate the migration of monolithic Object-Oriented (OO) applications to microservices. This migration consists of two steps: microservice identification and microservice packaging. We focus on microservice identification based on source code analysis. Specifically, we propose two approaches.The first one identifies microservices from the source code of a monolithic OO application relying on code structure, data accesses, and software architect recommendations. The originality of our approach can be viewed from three aspects. Firstly, microservices are identified based on the evaluation of a well-defined function measuring their quality. This function relies on metrics reflecting the "semantics" of the concept "microservice". Secondly, software architect recommendations are exploited only when they are available. Finally, two algorithmic models have been used to partition the classes of an OO application into microservices: clustering and genetic algorithms.The second approach extracts from an OO source code a workflow that can be used as an input of some existing microservice identification approaches. A workflow describes the sequencing of tasks constituting an application according to two formalisms: control flow and /or data flow. Extracting a workflow from source code requires the ability to map OO conceptsinto workflow ones.To validate both approaches, we implemented two prototypes and conducted experiments on several case studies. The identified microservices have been evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. The extracted workflows have been manually evaluated relying on test suites. The obtained results show respectively the relevance of the identified microservices and the correctness of the extracted workflows.

Актуальность темы исследования: на сегодняшний день для укрепления положения предприятия в рыночной экономике необходимо осуществлять управление бизнес процессами предприятия. В настоящее время вопрос управления бизнес процессами предприятий является большой проблемой. Целью исследования является реализация мероприятий по совершенствованию основного бизнес-процесса на примере конкретного коммерческого предприятия. Практическая значимость работы основывается на предложении рекомендаций для исследуемого предприятия. / The relevance of the research topic: today, in order to strengthen the position of the enterprise in a market economy, it is necessary to manage the business processes of the enterprise. Currently, the issue of managing business processes of enterprises is a big problem. The purpose of the research is to implement measures to improve the main business process using the example of a particular commercial enterprise. The practical importance of the work is based on the proposal of recommendations for the enterprise under study.