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Family, ambition and service : the French nobility and the emergence of the standing army, c. 1598-1635Thomas, Daniel January 2011 (has links)
This thesis will contend that a permanent body of military force under royal command, a ‘standing army’, arose during the first three decades of the seventeenth century in France. Such a development constituted a transformation in the nature of the monarchy’s armed forces. It was achieved by encouraging elements of the French nobility to become long-term office-holders within royal military institutions. Those members of the nobility who joined the standing army were not coerced into doing so by the crown, but joined the new body of force because it provided them with a means of achieving one of the fundamental ambitions of the French nobility: social advancement for their family. The first four chapters of this thesis thus look at how the standing army emerged via the entrenchment of a system of permanent infantry regiments within France. They look at how certain families, particularly from the lower and middling nobility, attempted to monopolise offices within the regiments due to the social benefits they conferred. Some of the consequences that arose from the army becoming an institution in which ‘careers’ could be pursued, such as promotion and venality, will be examined, as will how elements of the the nobility were vital to the expansion of the standing army beyond its initial core of units. Chapters Five and Six will investigate how the emergence of this new type of force affected the most powerful noblemen of the realm, the grands. In particular, it will focus on those grands who held the prestigious supra-regimental military offices of Constable and Colonel General of the Infantry. The thesis concludes that the emergence of the standing army helped to alter considerably the relationship between the monarchy and the nobility by the end of the period in question. A more monarchy-centred army and state had begun to emerge in France by the late 1620s; a polity which might be dubbed the early ‘absolute monarchy’. However, such a state of affairs had only arisen due to the considerable concessions that the monarchy had made to the ambitions of certain elements of the nobility.
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The evolution and development of the Australian Light Horse, 1860-1945Bou, Jean, Humanities & Social Sciences, Australian Defence Force Academy, UNSW January 2005 (has links)
Despite the place that the Light Horse occupies in Australia???s military history and the national martial mythology, there has not yet been a scholarly attempt to investigate the evolution and development of Australia???s mounted branch. This thesis is the first attempt to fill this gap in our knowledge and understanding of the history of the Australian Army. In doing so it will consider the ways in which the Light Horse evolved, the place it had in defence thinking, the development of its doctrine, its organisational changes and the way in which that organisation and its men interacted with their society. This thesis firstly analyses the role and place of the mounted soldier in the British and colonial/dominion armies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries before going on to examine what effects the debates about this had on the development of Australia???s mounted troops. It will find that in the nineteenth century the disparate mounted units of the Australian colonies were established mainly along the organisational model of the mounted rifleman. Influenced by social ideas about citizen soldier horsemen and a senior officer with firm views, this model continued to be used by the new Light Horse until well into the First World War. During that war it was gradually discovered that this military model had its limitations and by the end of the war much of the Light Horse had become cavalry. This discovery in turn meant that during the inter-war period cavalry continued to be part of the army. Analysed in depth also are the many organisational changes that affected the mounted branch during its existence. Some of these reflected doctrinal and tactical lessons, and others were the result of various plans by the government and military authorities to improve the army. It will be seen that regardless of these plans part-time citizen horse units continued to have many problems and they rarely came to be what the government wanted of them. That they were as strong as they were was testimony to the efforts of a dedicated and enthusiastic few.
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The evolution and development of the Australian Light Horse, 1860-1945Bou, Jean, Humanities & Social Sciences, Australian Defence Force Academy, UNSW January 2005 (has links)
Despite the place that the Light Horse occupies in Australia???s military history and the national martial mythology, there has not yet been a scholarly attempt to investigate the evolution and development of Australia???s mounted branch. This thesis is the first attempt to fill this gap in our knowledge and understanding of the history of the Australian Army. In doing so it will consider the ways in which the Light Horse evolved, the place it had in defence thinking, the development of its doctrine, its organisational changes and the way in which that organisation and its men interacted with their society. This thesis firstly analyses the role and place of the mounted soldier in the British and colonial/dominion armies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries before going on to examine what effects the debates about this had on the development of Australia???s mounted troops. It will find that in the nineteenth century the disparate mounted units of the Australian colonies were established mainly along the organisational model of the mounted rifleman. Influenced by social ideas about citizen soldier horsemen and a senior officer with firm views, this model continued to be used by the new Light Horse until well into the First World War. During that war it was gradually discovered that this military model had its limitations and by the end of the war much of the Light Horse had become cavalry. This discovery in turn meant that during the inter-war period cavalry continued to be part of the army. Analysed in depth also are the many organisational changes that affected the mounted branch during its existence. Some of these reflected doctrinal and tactical lessons, and others were the result of various plans by the government and military authorities to improve the army. It will be seen that regardless of these plans part-time citizen horse units continued to have many problems and they rarely came to be what the government wanted of them. That they were as strong as they were was testimony to the efforts of a dedicated and enthusiastic few.
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Bojová cesta Bohumila Snížka. Z Protektorátu a zpět do ČSR (5. květen 1941 - 20. květen 1945) / Bohumil Snizek´s combat mission. From the Protectorate and back to the Czechoslovakia (5th May 1942 - 20th May 1945)HOLENKA, Zdeněk January 2008 (has links)
In my thesis I deal with the personality and life of Bohumil Snížek. He was one of those who did not reconcile themselves to the fascist Germany occupation of Czechoslovakia. Bohumil Snížek decided to take part actively in the restoration of his motherland. The circumstances compelled him to undertake a long journey through all Europe whose final destination was Great Britain. After a dramatic stay in Switzerland at Dr. Kopecky´s place and imprisonment in the concentration camp Miranda de Ebro he really managed to achieve his final destination via Gibraltar. It took him nearly one and half years. He joined there the newly being born Czechoslovak Foreign Army. He went to the Czechoslovak brigade which was trained for the fight with the enemy from its very establishment. Yet, the Czechoslovak brigade was not provided with the possibility of at least a little intervention in fighting for the liberation of Europe. Bohumil Snížek was detached to Europe by the end of the September 1944 together with the 2nd Armoured Regiment Czechoslovak Brigade. It was the time of the siege of a French port Dunkerque which was considered the battlefield of the second rank by the Czech soldiers. There was an attack on 28th October 1944 planned for the anniversary of the establishment of Czechoslovakia which became the greatest success of the Czech Army in combat. Bohumil Snížek also took part in this battle and was awarded the Czechoslovak Military Cross for his personal bravery. The Czechoslovaks would not mind that they did not manifest themselves in combat after this great success anymore but what they did mind was to connive helplessly at the events happening in Prag in May 1945. Along with the others, Bohumil Snížek came to the liberated Czechoslovakia in the middle of May 1945. His postwar destiny was quite similar to the destiny of the rest of "those from the West". The regime condemned him "only" to be rolled over by the waters of oblivion. Essentially, only his withdrawal from the Army and departure for the West borderland might have rescued him from even severer sanctions. Bohumil Snížek died of the sequel of injuries from Dunkerque in Aš 1959.
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Service Honest and Faithful: The Thirty-Third Volunteer Infantry Regiment in the Philippine War, 1899-1901Andersen, Jack David 12 1900 (has links)
This manuscript is a study of the Thirty-Third Infantry, United States Volunteers, a regiment that was recruited in Texas, the South, and the Midwest and was trained by officers experienced from the Indian Wars and the Spanish-American War. This regiment served as a front-line infantry unit and then as a constabulary force during the Philippine War from 1899 until 1901. While famous in the United States as a highly effective infantry regiment during the Philippine War, the unit's fame and the lessons that it offered American war planners faded in time and were overlooked in favor of conventional fighting. In addition, the experiences of the men of the regiment belie the argument that the Philippine War was a brutal and racist imperial conflict akin to later interventions such as the Vietnam War. An examination of the Thirty-Third Infantry thus provides valuable context into a war not often studied in the United States and serves as a successful example of a counterinsurgency.
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Satire of Counsel, Counsel of Satire: Representing Advisory Relations in Later Medieval LiteratureNewman, Jonathan M. 20 January 2009 (has links)
Satire and counsel recur together in the secular literature of the High and Late
Middle Ages. I analyze their collocation in Latin, Old Occitan, and Middle English texts
from the twelfth to the fifteenth century in works by Walter Map, Alan of Lille, John of
Salisbury, Daniel of Beccles, John Gower, William of Poitiers, Thomas Hoccleve, and
John Skelton. As types of discourse, satire and counsel resemble each other in the way
they reproduce scenarios of social interaction. Authors combine satire and counsel to
reproduce these scenarios according to the protocols of real-life social interaction.
Informed by linguistic pragmatics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics and cultural
anthropology, I examine the relational rhetoric of these texts to uncover a sometimes
complex and reflective ethical discourse on power which sometimes implicates itself in
the practices it condemns. The dissertation draws throughout on sociolinguistic methods
for examining verbal interaction between unequals, and assesses what this focus can
contribute to recent scholarly debates on the interrelation of social and literary practices
in the later Middle Ages.
In the first chapter I introduce the concepts and methodologies that inform this
dissertation through a detailed consideration of Distinction One of Walter Map’s De
nugis curialium . While looking at how Walter Map combines discourses of satire and
counsel to negotiate a new social role for the learned cleric at court, I advocate treating
satire as a mode of expression more general than ‘literary’ genre and introduce the
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theories and methods that inform my treatment of literary texts as social interaction,
considering also how these approaches can complement new historicist interpretation.
Chapter two looks at how twelfth-century authors of didactic poetry appropriate
relational discourses from school and household to claim the authoritative roles of teacher
and father. In the third chapter, I focus on texts that depict relations between princes and
courtiers, especially the Prologue of the Confessio Amantis which idealizes its author
John Gower as an honest counselor and depicts King Richard II (in its first recension) as
receptive to honest counsel. The fourth chapter turns to poets with the uncertain social
identities of literate functionaries at court. Articulating their alienation and satirizing the
ploys of courtiers—including even satire itself—Thomas Hoccleve in the Regement of
Princes and John Skelton in The Bowge of Court undermine the satirist-counselor’s claim
to authenticity. In concluding, I consider how this study revises understanding of the
genre of satire in the Middle Ages and what such an approach might contribute to the
study of Jean de Meun and Geoffrey Chaucer.
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Satire of Counsel, Counsel of Satire: Representing Advisory Relations in Later Medieval LiteratureNewman, Jonathan M. 20 January 2009 (has links)
Satire and counsel recur together in the secular literature of the High and Late
Middle Ages. I analyze their collocation in Latin, Old Occitan, and Middle English texts
from the twelfth to the fifteenth century in works by Walter Map, Alan of Lille, John of
Salisbury, Daniel of Beccles, John Gower, William of Poitiers, Thomas Hoccleve, and
John Skelton. As types of discourse, satire and counsel resemble each other in the way
they reproduce scenarios of social interaction. Authors combine satire and counsel to
reproduce these scenarios according to the protocols of real-life social interaction.
Informed by linguistic pragmatics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics and cultural
anthropology, I examine the relational rhetoric of these texts to uncover a sometimes
complex and reflective ethical discourse on power which sometimes implicates itself in
the practices it condemns. The dissertation draws throughout on sociolinguistic methods
for examining verbal interaction between unequals, and assesses what this focus can
contribute to recent scholarly debates on the interrelation of social and literary practices
in the later Middle Ages.
In the first chapter I introduce the concepts and methodologies that inform this
dissertation through a detailed consideration of Distinction One of Walter Map’s De
nugis curialium . While looking at how Walter Map combines discourses of satire and
counsel to negotiate a new social role for the learned cleric at court, I advocate treating
satire as a mode of expression more general than ‘literary’ genre and introduce the
iii
theories and methods that inform my treatment of literary texts as social interaction,
considering also how these approaches can complement new historicist interpretation.
Chapter two looks at how twelfth-century authors of didactic poetry appropriate
relational discourses from school and household to claim the authoritative roles of teacher
and father. In the third chapter, I focus on texts that depict relations between princes and
courtiers, especially the Prologue of the Confessio Amantis which idealizes its author
John Gower as an honest counselor and depicts King Richard II (in its first recension) as
receptive to honest counsel. The fourth chapter turns to poets with the uncertain social
identities of literate functionaries at court. Articulating their alienation and satirizing the
ploys of courtiers—including even satire itself—Thomas Hoccleve in the Regement of
Princes and John Skelton in The Bowge of Court undermine the satirist-counselor’s claim
to authenticity. In concluding, I consider how this study revises understanding of the
genre of satire in the Middle Ages and what such an approach might contribute to the
study of Jean de Meun and Geoffrey Chaucer.
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“I didn’t have time to find the English words”: The Korean War’s Role in the Evolution of Bilingualism in the Canadian Armed ForcesLabrosse, Julien January 2016 (has links)
This thesis explores the impact of the Korean War on the evolution of the role of the French language in the Canadian military between 1946 and 1954. It explains how the Korean War acted as both a catalyst for a more accommodating stance towards the French language in the Canadian Armed Forces, and an immediate impediment to the implementation of such changes.
Particularly, this thesis explores the conflict that emerged between various officials in the Department of National Defence concerning the place that should be made for the French language, and how best to recruit more French Canadians. It shows that there was serious disagreement between the Minister of National Defence, Brooke Claxton, who wanted more bilingualism in the Canadian military, and the Chief of General Staff, General Guy G. Simonds, who resisted further concessions to francophones.
Moreover, this thesis reveals the extent to which there was goodwill within the Canadian Armed Forces on the part of both anglophones and francophones on the frontline in Korea. This constituted the basis on which the Department of National Defence was able to begin the process of implementing a more bilingual system. In this respect, this thesis shows the Canadian military to have been ahead of the federal Civil Service.
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Religious reform, transnational poetics, and literary tradition in the work of Thomas HoccleveLangdell, Sebastian James January 2014 (has links)
This study considers Thomas Hoccleve’s role, throughout his works, as a “religious” writer: as an individual who engages seriously with the dynamics of heresy and ecclesiastical reform, who contributes to traditions of vernacular devotional writing, and who raises the question of how Christianity manifests on personal as well as political levels – and in environments that are at once London-based, national, and international. The chapters focus, respectively, on the role of reading and moralization in the Series; the language of “vice and virtue” in the Epistle of Cupid; the moral version of Chaucer introduced in the Regiment of Princes; the construction of the Hoccleve persona in the Regiment; and the representation of the Eucharist throughout Hoccleve’s works. One main focus of the study is Hoccleve’s mediating influence in presenting a moral version of Chaucer in his Regiment. This study argues that Hoccleve’s Chaucer is not a pre-established artifact, but rather a Hocclevian invention, and it indicates the transnational literary, political, and religious contexts that align in Hoccleve’s presentation of his poetic predecessor. Rather than posit the Hoccleve-Chaucer relationship as one of Oedipal anxiety, as other critics have done, this study indicates the way in which Hoccleve’s Chaucer evolves in response to poetic anxiety not towards Chaucer himself, but rather towards an increasingly restrictive intellectual and ecclesiastical climate. This thesis contributes to the recently revitalized critical dialogue surrounding the role and function of fifteenth-century English literature, and the effect on poetry of heresy, the church’s response to heresy, and ecclesiastical reform both in England and in Europe. It also advances critical narratives regarding Hoccleve’s response to contemporary French poetry; the role of confession, sacramental discourse, and devotional images in Hoccleve’s work; and Hoccleve’s impact on literary tradition.
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