Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de História, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, 2012. / Submitted by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza (jaquefs.braz@gmail.com) on 2012-06-15T11:53:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_Guilherme Amorim de Carvalho.pdf: 1234156 bytes, checksum: 0f2fce8b3fe94ffc0f9e06ff606186a8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza(jaquefs.braz@gmail.com) on 2012-06-15T11:53:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_Guilherme Amorim de Carvalho.pdf: 1234156 bytes, checksum: 0f2fce8b3fe94ffc0f9e06ff606186a8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-15T11:53:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_Guilherme Amorim de Carvalho.pdf: 1234156 bytes, checksum: 0f2fce8b3fe94ffc0f9e06ff606186a8 (MD5) / A hermenêutica aplicada a documentos e fontes históricas do Antigo Regime, sobretudo de Portugal e de sua conquista na América, possibilita interpretações diferentes daquelas consagradas pela historiografia que tendia a enfatizar a separação/oposição entre metrópole e colônia, além da existência de um projeto colonial com o objetivo de sujeitar os novos territórios ao domínio do centro metropolitano de poder. O quadro que se apresenta, como fruto do estudo das fontes, ressalta a necessidade de se rever os modelos explicativos, muitas vezes vincadamente sistêmicos, que dificilmente ajudam a compreender a complexidade das relações políticas entre Portugal e a América portuguesa. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação de mestrado pretende analisar o documento histórico, “As Excelências do Governador – O panegírico fúnebre a d. Afonso Furtado, de Juan Lopes Sierra (Bahia,1676)”, sob a ótica da teoria da sociedade corporativa do Antigo Regime. Trata-se da construção da imagem ideal de governante, a partir da exaltação da figura de d. Afonso, inspirada pelo modelo de sociedade da época, exposto na consagração da figura do governador como exemplo de virtude, o que contribui para a definição da conduta exemplar da cabeça política que preside a sociedade. Assim, o discurso emerge das práticas políticas, mas era também modelado por elas, ou seja, o paradigma corporativo conformava o discurso do Panegírico, da mesma maneira como era conformado por ele. Seguindo por esse caminho, pretende-se compreender a dinâmica do poder no âmbito do governo-geral, sobretudo quanto à articulação entre ser cabeça política e exercer a justiça com autonomia relativa, própria dos governadores-gerais, além de analisar a relação entre o dever de bem morrer e a representação de governante ideal. As sociedades de Antigo Regime, especialmente o Império português ultramarino, organizavam-se em torno do primado da política, um âmbito que permeava toda a sociedade, sem restringir-se à esfera pública. A política abrangia uma série de níveis que após o século XVIII poderiam ser considerados extra-políticos, como o costume, a moralidade e o afeto. Assim, a narrativa do Panegírico, enquanto discurso honorífico, abrange uma pluralidade de relações políticas, possibilitando a melhor compreensão do historiador com relação a algumas lógicas que orientaram as ações de d. Afonso e também dos critérios que presidiram a seleção feita por seu autor, Lopes Sierra. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The hermeneutics applied to documents and historical sources from the Ancien Régime, mainly, those from Portugal and its conquests in America, enables some different interpretations from those consecrated by the historiography which tended to emphasize the separation/opposition between metropole and colony, besides the existence of a colonial project with the aim to subject the new territories to the metropolitan power center’s domain. The frame that is presented, as consequence of the sources study, highlights the need to review the explicative models, oftentimes systemic folded, wich are hardly helpful to comprehend the complexity of the political relations between Portugal and Portuguese America. In this regard, the present master’s degree dissertation intends to investigate the historical document, “As Excelências do Governador – O panegírico fúnebre a d. Afonso Furtado, de Juan Lopes Sierra (Bahia, 1676)”, under the optic of the Ancien Régime corporate society’s theory. It responds to the construction of an ideal image of governor, by the exaltation of d. Afonso’s figure, and the creation of an example of virtue, inspired by the epoch’s social model, wich contributes to the definition of the exemplary behavior of the political head who presides society. Therefore, the speech emerges from the political practices, nevertheless It is also shaped by them, that is to say, the Panegyric’s speech was conformated by the corporate paradigm, the same way as the corporate paradigm was conformated by It. Proceeding along this way, It is intended to comprehend the power’s dynamics in the ambit of the Brazilian general-government, most of all, concerning to the articulation between being the political head of a community and exercising justice with relative autonomy, besides to analyzes the relationship between the duty of well dying and the representation of the ideal governor. The Ancien Régime’s societies, especially the Portuguese Ultramarine Empire, organized themselves towards the political primacy, an ambit that permeated the whole of the society, not restricting itself to the public sphere. The politics encompassed series of levels which after the XVIII century would might be considered as extra-political, such as custom, morality and affection. In this manner, the Panegyric’s narrative, as an honorific speech, comprehends a plurality of political relations, enabling to the historian a better understanding in what concerns to some logics that orientated d. Afonso’s actions and also to the criterions wich presided the selection done by its author, Lopes Sierra.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Relações Internacionais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais, 2007. / Submitted by samara castro (sammy_roberta7@hotmail.com) on 2009-11-30T21:18:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_FernandadeMouraFernandes.pdf: 657860 bytes, checksum: f8e5d4afcac6d53cf40d0a426720705a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Joanita Pereira(joanita) on 2009-12-01T17:34:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_FernandadeMouraFernandes.pdf: 657860 bytes, checksum: f8e5d4afcac6d53cf40d0a426720705a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2009-12-01T17:34:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_FernandadeMouraFernandes.pdf: 657860 bytes, checksum: f8e5d4afcac6d53cf40d0a426720705a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / O regime político tem recebido, tradicionalmente, menos atenção nos estudos acerca das determinantes internas que influenciam a política exterior de um determinado país no campo das relações internacionais. Os componentes estruturais e os componentes não-estruturais que constituem o regime político possuem pesos distintos quando examinados em suas especificidades. A partir de um estudo histórico e comparativo entre o regime político democrático no Chile e o regime político autoritário no Brasil, inaugurados no ano do golpe militar brasileiro em 1964, este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar, por meio de um modelo explicativo, o peso dos diferentes componentes dos regimes políticos nas políticas exteriores chilena e brasileira no período compreendido até o golpe de 1973 no Chile. Esta análise contrapõe variáveis de ordem externa, bem como outras variáveis de ordem interna, com a variável regime político. As mudanças e continuidades observadas na inserção internacional de Brasil e Chile sinalizaram a existência de relações de causalidade ou de insubordinação entre essas variáveis e a formulação da política externa em ambos os países no período analisado. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / There is a lack of academic studies related to political regime and foreign policy in the field of international relations. When looking at their singularities, structural and non-structural components of political regime play different roles in foreign policy. Based on a comparative and historical study, taking into consideration Chilean democratic regime and Brazilian authoritarian regime in the period of 1964-1973, this research aims to analyze the influence of political regime and its components in foreign policy. The main conclusion that emerges from this research is that there is an important linkage between political regime and foreign policy. Although other internal and external factors should be considered.

Understanding Beef Quality Development and Different Feeding Regimes Jordan Christie Wicks ABSTRACT Consumption of beef is expected to increase as the world approaches nearly 9 billion inhabitants by the year 2050, adding unprecedented challenges to the future beef industry. Even so, maintaining quality will still be of utmost importance for producers for two reasons. First, the majority of US cattle are sold on the "grid", which offers both premiums and financial penalties based on quality grades. Second, consumers demand quality. Herein, we explored alternative, cost-saving feeding strategies that impact muscle biochemistry and ultimate meat quality in an effort to determine the most feasible management responses during times of sporadic markets. Our results show that reducing feed inputs from intensive feeding (grain-finished) regimes to maintenance diets of forage or grain up to 60 d had minimal effect on metabolic properties of muscle, thus preserving both quality and yield grades. Specifically, muscle metabolism remained largely unchanged, as indicated by lack of significance in oxidative and glycolytic proteins such as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), citrate synthase (CS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1). Additionally, because maintenance rations were fed, we found no difference in non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration, or O-linked- β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) protein abundance suggesting a longer or more aggressive feeding approach may be required to evoke such nutrient based muscle and quality differences. Because quality is important and is a factor for optimal pricing at market, intensive feeding practices are often needed to meet such standards. Still, as the cost of feeding increases, producers struggle to balance quality and profitability. To that end, we evaluated carcass quality of cattle subjected to a reduction of time on feed by 30 d, and found quality, yield and color were similar to that of cattle intensively fed for 120 days. Although, little differences were noted between indicators of postmortem metabolism, short-fed (SF) cattle showed a trend for greater adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 (AMPD1), and significant difference in the expression of myosin heavy chain isoform (MyHC) IIX suggesting muscle of SF cattle is transiting away from that of grass-fed (CON) cattle. Even so, SF cattle proved to have similar color and quality to cattle fed for 120 days, or more traditionally fed. While we failed to detect differences in muscle between days on feed compared to that of CON (grass-fed), we observed differences in quality and yield between long fed and grass-fed cattle. These data suggest variances in quality may be a result of underlying mechanisms yet to be explained. Therefore, we explored the hallmark biomarkers credited for beef quality development. Despite significant differences in quality and yield grades, data resulted in no differences in myoglobin, oxidative or glycolytic proteins, or calpain-1 and calpastatin between varying phases of growth. However, based on our complementary transcriptomics data, we found linear trends in gene expression related to adipogenesis and muscle hypertrophy, implying these differences may simply be a result of growth rather than muscle function. When taken together, our data suggests severe nutrient restrictions may be required to evoke such a shift in muscle that leads to exacerbated differences in quality. A greater understanding of those mechanisms that drive meat quality development from a conventional grain feeding perspective may prove impactful for the future of our industry. / Doctor of Philosophy / As the demand for beef continues to increase, so does the demand for quality. Generally, consumers prefer beef that is bright-cherry red, possess adequate marbling, and offers a tender bite when consumed. These quality attributes are influenced by many factors, however plane of nutrition, or more simply nutrient energy source (grass vs grain) have shown to play a rather impactful role in quality development. Therefore, high-energy intensive feeding systems (feedlot) have been widely adopted by the US beef industry as a means of producing beef. Even so, the cost of gain for cattle is steadily increasing making profitability challenging from a producer standpoint. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation was to investigate low-input feeding strategies and the influence they have on beef quality. First, we tested nutrient availability's effect on muscle plasticity of mature market ready steers. Our results show that reducing feed inputs from intensive feeding (grain-finished) regimes to maintenance diets of forage or grain up to 60 d had minimal effect on metabolic properties of muscle, thus preserving both quality and yield grades. Next, we challenged varying degrees and plane of nutrition on finishing steers to better understand the extent to which intensive feeding has on ultimate beef quality. To that end, we evaluated carcass quality of cattle subjected to a reduction of time on feed by 30 d, and found quality, yield and color were similar to that of cattle intensively fed for 120 days. Although, little differences were noted between hallmark indicators of muscle fiber type, Short-fed (90 d) cattle proved to be transiting away from that of grass-fed (CON) cattle, aligning closer to consumer expectations of quality. Taken together, our data suggest variances in quality may be a result of underlying mechanisms yet to be explained. Therefore, we explored the hallmark biomarkers credited for beef quality development. Despite significant differences in quality and yield grades, data resulted in no differences in myoglobin, oxidative or glycolytic proteins, or calpain-1 and calpastatin between varying phases of growth. However, based on our complementary transcriptomics data, we found linear trends in gene expression related to adipogenesis and muscle hypertrophy, implying these differences may simply be a result of growth rather than muscle function. In conclusion, our data suggests severe nutrient restrictions may be required to evoke such a shift in muscle that leads to exacerbated differences in quality. A greater understanding of those mechanisms that drive meat quality development from a conventional grain feeding perspective may prove impactful for the future of our industry.

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No description available.

Um dos atributos fundamentais associados aos escoamentos multifásicos é a existência de estruturas características segundo as quais as diferentes fases do líquido escoam. O surgimento de uma dessas estruturas, conhecidas como configurações ou regimes de escoamento, é determinado pelas vazões e propriedades físicas dos componentes, além de parâmetros geométricos como diâmetro e inclinação do conduto. O desenvolvimento de metodologias de caracterização de regimes, bem como a caracterização e o diagnóstico da transição destes regimes de escoamento são de fundamental importância. Este trabalho utiliza a análise tempo-frequência da transformada de Gabor para caracterizar os regimes de escoamento horizontais gás-líquido intermitentes. Mais especificamente, o principal objetivo está em investigar a existência de sub-regimes dentro do regime intermitente, para tanto recorremos à covariância tempo-frequência da transformada de Gabor, que é capaz de detectar transições através da não-estacionaridade associada com as correspondentes transições. Testes experimentais foram conduzidos no circuito TALC em CEA-Grenoble e uma extensiva base de dados foi obtida, cobrindo diversos tipos de escoamento intermitente. Uma sonda de condutividade elétrica, consistindo de dois anéis de eletrodos montados junto à tubulação, produziu sinais dos quais a covariância tempo-frequência foi calculada através da correspondente transformada de Gabor. / One of the main features associated to multiphase flows is the existence of characteristic dynamic structures according to which the different phases of a mixture of immiscible fluids can flow. The manifestation of one of these structures, known a flow pattern or regime, is determined by the flow rates as well as by physical and geometrical properties of the fluids and piping. The development of flow pattern characterization and diagnostic methods, and the associated transitions in between, is of crucial importance for an efficient engineering of such phenomena. Time-frequency analysis based on the Gabor transform is used in this work to characterize horizontal air-water intermittent flow regimes. More specifically, our main objective is to reveal the existence of sub-regimes inside the intermittent regimes region with the help of the corresponding time-frequency covariance based on the Gabor transform, which is capable of detecting transitions by assessing the unstationarity associated with the corresponding transitions. Experimental tests were conducted at the TALC facility at CEA-Grenoble and an extensive database was obtained, covering several types of intermittent flow. A conductivity probe, consisting in two ring electrodes flush mounted to the pipe, delivered signals from which the time-frequency covariance were calculated from the corresponding Gabor transform.

A guerra civil é a forma de violência coletiva mais importante de nossa época. Embora pesquisas recentes tenham apontado alguns elementos como determinantes das guerras civis, a influência dos fatores políticos nos conflitos internos ainda é controversa. O presente estudo analisa, por meio de regressão estatística, a relação entre a competitividade do poder executivo e a incidência de guerras civis de 1976 a 2000. Os achados indicam que tanto eleições com candidatos únicos como votações multipartidárias reduzem a incidência de guerras civis. Ademais, os resultados dão apoio às hipóteses levantadas pela literatura recente de que terreno montanhoso, grande população, sistema políticos centralizados e a existência de conflitos anteriores aumentam significativamente o risco de incidência de guerras civis / Civil War is the most important form of collective violence of our time. Although recent research has yielded some determining elements to civil war, the influence of political factors on internal conflicts remains disputed. This study analyzes, by means of statistics regression, the correlation between the competitiveness in the Executive Branch and the incidence of civil war from 1976 to 2000. The findings indicate that both single-candidate and multi-party elections reduce the incidence of civil war. Furthermore, the results lend support to the hypotheses put forward by recent literature that mountainous terrain, large population, centralized political system, and the existence of former conflicts significantly heighten the risk of incidence of civil war

O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever a dinâmica recente de três trechos de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual estudados entre 1994/1995, em função das mudanças estruturais e dos mosaicos de manchas em diferentes fases do ciclo de crescimento florestal. Esse estudo foi desenvolvido em três áreas situadas na Reserva Municipal de Santa Genebra, localizada no distrito de Barão Geraldo, município de Campinas-SP. Foram remedidas todas as plantas anteriormente marcadas em 35 parcelas permanentes de 100m² presentes em cada uma das áreas, nos anos 2000 (área A) e 2010 (áreas A, B e C). Todos os indivíduos ingressantes, com perímetro a altura do peito (PAP) maior ou igual a 15 cm (DAP aproximadamente 5 cm) e maiores de 1,3 m de altura, foram marcados e plaqueados. As espécies amostradas foram classificadas quanto ao grupo sucessional, síndrome de dispersão e deciduidade. As clareiras foram novamente medidas e demarcadas. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, foi possível observar a influência dos distúrbios, de forma diferenciada, na mudança estrutural e da dinâmica dos trechos florestais estudados. O dossel, sub-bosque e as clareiras analisados apresentaram modificações no número de indivíduos, composição de espécies e grupos sucessionais. As avaliações feitas nas manchas do mosaico mostraram que na área A as modificações ocorridas seguiram o que é descrito pela dinâmica de clareiras para Floresta Tropical Úmida, porém para as demais áreas (B e C), esse modelo de dinâmica não se aplicou, não seguindo, portanto, um padrão de substituição de manchas, grupos ecológicos e espécies nestes trechos de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. As espécies pertencentes aos diferentes grupos sucessionais foram registrados em todos os regimes de luz, mas as espécies clímaces predominaram, principalmente, nas áreas de clareira. O ingresso dos indivíduos de todos os grupos sucessionais ocorreu preponderantemente através das clareiras, o que indica que novos indivíduos, bem como novas espécies, são incorporados por esse local. / This study aims to describe the recent dynamics of three plots of Semideciduous Forest studied between 1994/1995, in function of their structural changes and their mosaics of patches at different stages of growth. This study was conducted in three areas located in Santa Geneva Municipal Reserve, located in the district of Barão Geraldo, Campinas-SP. All previously marked plants in 35 permanent plots of 100m ² present in each of the areas in the 2000s (area A) and 2010 (areas A, B and C) were remeasured. All entering individuals, with perimeter at breast height (PAP) heighter than 15 cm (dbh nearly 5 cm) and height greater than 1.3 m, were marked and plated. The sampled species were classified according to their successional group, dispersal syndrome and deciduousness. The gaps were again measured and marked. According to the results obtained, it was possible to observe the influence of disturbances, differently in each area, the structural change and the dynamics of the studied forest areas. The analyzed canopy, understory and gaps showed changes in the number of individuals, species composition and successional groups. The evaluations made in mosaic patches in the area A showed that the changes occurred followed what is described by the dynamics of gaps for Tropical Moist Forest, but for the other areas (B and C), this dynamic model cannot applied, not following therefore, a standard replacement patches, ecological groups and species in these stretches from Semideciduous Forest. The species belonging to different successional groups were observed in all levels of light, but the climaxes occurred mainly in the gaps.

Esta tese visa aprofundar o entendimento das dinâmicas de interação entre atores estatais e não estatais nos processos de criação, continuidade e mudança de regimes internacionais. A pesquisa se apresenta como um estudo de caso demarcado a partir da criação do novo regime internacional de proteção dos direitos de patentes, instituído em 1994 quando da adoção do Acordo sobre Aspectos dos Direitos de Propriedade Intelectual Relacionados ao Comércio (TRIPS) pelos países membros do GATT. Inclui as disputas entre as empresas farmacêuticas e o governo da África do Sul, o contencioso entre Brasil e Estados Unidos, na Organização Mundial do Comércio, e as negociações que culminaram na adoção da Declaração sobre o Acordo TRIPS e Saúde Pública, em novembro de 2001. A partir da problematização das decisões do governo dos Estados Unidos, nos vários momentos do caso, se propõe, como argumento central do trabalho, que a mídia constitui um importante elemento de ligação nos processos através dos quais atores não estatais com capacidade material reduzida exercem influência sobre atores estatais nas decisões acerca da política externa tanto no âmbito bilateral como multilateral / This thesis aims to deepen the understanding of the interactive dynamics between governmental and non governmental actors in the processes of creation, continuity, and change of international regimes. The research is presented as a case study delimited from the creation of the new international regime of intellectual property rights, instituted in 1994, when the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was adopted by the GATT member-countries. It includes the disputes between the pharmaceutical companies and the government of South Africa, the controversy between Brazil and the United States, in the World Trade Organization, and the negotiations that culminated in the Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, adopted in November 2001. From the problematization of decisions of the United States Government, in the various moments of the case, as central argument it is proposed that the media is an important linkage element in the processes through which non state actors with reduced material capacity exercise influence on state actors on foreign policy decisions in regard to both bilateral as well as multilateral decisions

Até o presente, todas as avaliações de regime político tiveram que escolher um lado ao depararem- se com o trade-off entre tipo e grau. Esforços dicotômicos e tricotômicos produziram avaliações tipológicas significativas, mas incapazes de estabelecer gradações entre países muito diferentes. Trabalhos policotômicos ou contínuos forneceram avaliações nuançadas, todavia as tipologias que derivam deles são casuísticas e baseadas em distinções artificiais. Ademais, avaliações de países em desenvolvimento frequentemente apresentam sérios problemas de validade e adequação conceitual. Este estudo usa insights da lógica de fuzzy sets de modo a superar o mencionado trade-off, mediante o desenvolvimento de uma avaliação original de regimes que é contínua e de natureza tanto qualitativa como quantitativa, apresentando maior poder discriminatório do que todas as demais disponíveis na literatura. O trabalho também mostra que aspectos relacionados ao primado da lei são cruciais para o exame de regimes políticos e não podem ser desconsiderados, sobretudo quando países em desenvolvimento são analisados. Colômbia e Venezuela foram os casos em que o arcabouço elaborado foi aplicado, o que resultou em avaliações que apresentam menos problemas de validade e adequação conceitual do que as produzidas por Cheibub, Gandhi e Vreeland, Freedom House e Polity IV. / So far, all measures of political regimes had to choose sides when faced with the trade-off between degree and type. Polychotomous or continuous works provide nuanced evaluations, but the classifications they use are casuistic and based on ad hoc distinctions. Dichotomous and trichotomous attempts, although producing meaningful classifications, are incapable of distinguishing between very different countries. Additionally, evaluations concerning developing countries often present serious validity and conceptual adequacy problems. This study uses insights from fuzzy sets logic in order to overcome the mentioned trade-off by developing an original measure of regimes that is continuous and both qualitative and quantitative in nature, exhibiting more discriminating power than all the others available in the literature. This work also shows that aspects related to the rule of law are crucial to assessments of political regimes and should not be overlooked, especially when developing countries are examined. Colombia and Venezuela were the cases to which the measure elaborated was applied, what resulted in evaluations that present less validity and conceptual adequacy problems than the ones produced by Cheibub, Gandhi and Vreeland, Freedom House and Polity IV.