The game of football has transformed from just being a game into a huge economic market attracting investors from all over the world. As clubs spend more and more money on player acquisitions, player registrations (considered intangible assets) now represent a significant part of the total assets of major European football clubs. Due to this, treatment of player registrations has become a significant accounting issue. The purpose is to analyze and compare from the perspective of an investor, how a sample of European football clubs account and disclose values of player registrations. The purpose aim to answer the questions how and what kind of information each club discloses on their financial statements. Also, are current accounting procedures and disclosure harmonized, and do they present a true and fair view of top European clubs financial status. A descriptive case study was the most appropriate as it aims to answer the questions “how” and “why”. A sample selection filter was set in the beginning of the process together with the research questions. The final sample was set to be: Arsenal FC, Manchester United, Borussia Dortmund, Juventus FC and FC Porto. The purpose of the selection filter was to get a study both fair on economical as well as competitive sports level. Primary data consist of information from annual financial reports, and in order to enhance validity, interviews with professionals have been conducted and used.  Findings show similarities as well as differences in disclosure and treatment of football player registrations. All clubs meet the minimum requirements from IAS 38 and UEFA. However, how and what kind of information each clubs disclose differ substantially and due to lack of valuation models and the possibility to capitalize home-grown players and free agents, the value of player registrations is not presented in a true and fair view.

Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2015-12-14T12:16:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Márcia Barreto Machado de Souza Faria.pdf: 381115 bytes, checksum: e7bac9000f4cccf7fb630929b26d6d5e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-14T12:16:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Márcia Barreto Machado de Souza Faria.pdf: 381115 bytes, checksum: e7bac9000f4cccf7fb630929b26d6d5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Mestrado Profissional em Enfermagem Assistencial / A sistematização da assistência de enfermagem proporciona um ambiente adequado para o enfermeiro aplicar seus conhecimentos teórico-científicos, caracterizando sua prática profissional e colaborando para a definição do seu papel. Durante a vivência acadêmica, aprendemos que o processo de enfermagem é um instrumento que facilita a assistência de enfermagem prestada ao paciente e dá subsídios para que o enfermeiro ordene, direcione e avalie seu trabalho. Segundo a Lei nº 7.498, que dispõe sobre a regulamentação do exercício de enfermagem, é atividade privativa do enfermeiro o “planejamento, organização, coordenação, execução e avaliação dos serviços de assistência de enfermagem” e são essas atividades que compõem o Processo de Enfermagem, conhecido hoje, como Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE). O objetivo geral deste estudo é analisar o processo de implantação da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem em unidade de internação de uma instituição de saúde do setor privado na visão do enfermeiro. Os objetivos específicos são: delinear o perfil profissional dos enfermeiros da Unidade de Internação do Hospital de Clínicas de Niterói (HCN) e analisar seu nível de conhecimento e experiência sobre a SAE; descrever o processo de implantação da SAE em unidade de internação de uma instituição de saúde do setor privado na visão do enfermeiro assistencial; e analisar o processo de implantação da SAE no que tange às possibilidades e aos obstáculos existentes na visão dos enfermeiros. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido na Unidade de Internação do HCN. Uma avaliação crítica do trabalho de campo realizado nos permite afirmar a existência de um hiato entre o seu ensino teórico e a vivência dos enfermeiros no dia-a-dia das instituições de saúde; a dificuldade efetiva para a realização da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem, tendo em vista a necessidade de execução das etapas que envolvem o exercício dos enfermeiros como, por exemplo, a etapa do exame físico para levantamento dos diagnósticos de enfermagem; e a decisiva interferência das funções administrativas que incluem o planejamento, o recrutamento de pessoal, a direção e o controle no desenvolvimento do processo de enfermagem. Para se fazer efetivo o processo de implantação da SAE, como metodologia da assistência, em qualquer unidade de uma instituição de saúde, esse processo precisa ser precedido de um curso de capacitação, periodicamente renovado e buscar o aprimoramento das habilidades cognitivas e psicomotoras dos enfermeiros para associarem melhor a teoria e a prática, a ser proporcionado pelas instituições hospitalares empregadoras / The systemization of the nursing attendance provides an appropriate atmosphere for the nurses to apply their theoretical-scientific knowledge, characterizing his professional practice and collaborating with the definition of his role. During the academic life, we learned that the nursing process is an instrument that facilitates the nursing attendance rendered the patient and he gives subsidies for the nurse to order, address and evaluate his work. According to the Law no. 7.498, which deals with the regulation of the nursing exercise, it is the nurse's private activity the “planning, organization, coordination, execution and evaluation of the services of nursing attendance”, and they are those activities that compose the Process of Nursing, known today, as Systemization of the Attendance of Nursing (SAE). The general objective of this study is to analyze the process of implementation of the systemization of the nursing attendance in a unit of hospitalization of an institution of health of the private sector in the nurse's view. The specific objectives are: to delineate the nurses' profiles of the Unit of hospitalization of the Hospital of Clinics of Niterói and to analyze his knowledge level and experience on SAE; to describe the process of implementation of SAE in a unit of hospitalization of a health institution of the private sector from the nurse’s point of view; and to analyze the process of implementation of SAE with respect to the possibilities and to the existent obstacles in the nurses' perspective. It is a case study, with qualitative approach, developed in the Unit of hospitalization of HCN. A critical evaluation of the field work accomplished allows us to affirm the existence of a hiatus between theoretical teaching and the nurses' everyday work in the health institutions; the real difficulty for the accomplishment of the systemization of the nursing attendance, bearing in mind the need for the execution of the stages that involve the nurses' work, as for instance, the stage of the physical exam for rising of the nursing diagnoses and decisive interference of the administrative functions that include planning, personnel's recruitment, the direction and control of the development of the nursing process. In order to fulfill the process of implementation of SAE, as a methodology of attendance, in any unit of a hospitalization of health, that process needs to be preceded by a training course, periodically renewed and it also needs to look for the enhancement of the cognitive and psychomotor abilities of the nurses for them to better associate theory and practice, which will be provided by the employing hospital institutions

Saudi Arabian entrepreneurs face major difficulties with the country's complex regulatory system. Based on Schumpeter's theory of entrepreneurship, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to reveal the lived experiences of Saudi entrepreneurs in navigating regulatory procedures in Jeddah. Data were collected through prolonged, face-to-face phenomenological interviews with 22 Saudi businesspeople who started successful businesses. The van Kaam method and member checking helped validate the transcribed data, which were subsequently coded into 4 themes. Four themes emerged from the data analysis: (a) obstacles in regulatory processes, (b) lack of information, (c) cumbersome procedures and need for alternatives to stringent protocols, and (d) persistence strategies needed to maneuver through inflexible regulations. For entrepreneurship progress among these individuals, business rules needed to be comprehensible, shorter, and less bureaucratic. These findings also suggest that, once entrepreneurship rules are transparent, Saudi Arabia may become a choice country for international businesses. These findings have implications for positive social change by informing the efforts of governmental authorities in their work towards effective regulatory processes as roadways to the economic well-being of businesses and communities, and could be a catalyst to boost foreign investments in the country.

Syftet med arbetet är att behandla de faktorer som har stor påverkan på fastighetsmäklarens riskbenägenhet gentemot fastighetsmäklarlagen. Eftersom det finns många faktorer som kan påverka en individs riskbenägenhet så har arbetet begränsats till att omfatta: - Lönesättning. - Företagskultur. - Mäklarens upplysningsplikt och lockpriser. - SOU 2018:64 med hänsyn till tillsynen över mäklarföretag samt individerna inom dessa. - Verksam inom mäklarbranschen efter återkallad registrering. Den sistnämnda punkten har tagits med då vi under arbetets gång lade märke till att många mäklare som fått sin registrering återkallad fortfarande var aktiva inom branschen i en annan befattning. Arbetet tar upp mäklares (båda aktiva och de som fått sin registrering återkallad), intresseorganisationerna: FMF (Fastighetsmäklarförbundet) och Mäklarsamfundet samt Fastighetsmäklarinspektionens åsikter i frågan. En kvalitativ metod har använts där data från Fastighetsmäklarinspektionen har samlats in gällande mäklare som fått sin registrering återkallad mellan perioden 2016-2020. Datan har analyserat och dessa, 26, individer har sedan intervjuats (de som valde att ställa upp). Vi har även intervjuat aktiva mäklare, FMF, Mäklarsamfundet samt Fastighetsmäklarinspektionen för att få en mer rättvis bild av verkligheten. Intervjuerna skedde per telefon, med undantag för två intervjuer som skedde per mail. Bakgrunden till att vi valda telefonintervjuer var för att detta skulle underlätta i de fall följdfrågor dök upp och på grund av det rådande läget med Covid-19 så var detta det bästa alternativet. Det finns som sagt många faktorer som kan påverka en mäklares benägenhet att ta risker. Med risk i detta arbete menas att mäklaren utför en medveten handling som bryter mot fastighetsmäklarlagen för egen vinning. Ofta kan det vara på säljaren eller köparens bekostnad. Några faktorer som vi tror har stor påverkan på risk och som vi därför valt att undersöka är lönesättning och företagskulturen. Gällande lönesättningen, som ofta är provisionsbaserad inom mäklarbranschen, så finns det risk att intressekonflikter uppstår för mäklaren. Likaså finns det uppenbara intressekonflikter mellan köparens och säljarens intressen som mäklaren ska tillvarata. Dessa intressekonflikter anser vi ger ökade incitament för mäklaren att ta högre risker i sitt yrkesutövande. Utifrån vårt resultat så finns det indikationer som tyder på att samtliga individer som blev intervjuade delade samma uppfattning som oss. Företagskulturen är en mycket intressant och viktig aspekt för den enskilde mäklarens agerande. Både kollegor och chefer kan, enligt detta arbete och tidigare forskning, påverka den enskilde mäklarens riskbenägenhet. Som chef över ett mäklarkontor innehas ett stort ansvar för att sprida rätt kultur och etiska förhållningsregler gentemot säljare och köpare. Speciellt som nyanställd och nyexaminerad mäklare finns mycket att lära av det praktiska som till viss del inte tas upp under utbildningen. Att ha bra förebilder är en betydande faktor för att själv agera korrekt som mäklare. I lagförslaget för den nya fastighetsmäklarlagen så kommer även Fastighetsmäklarinspektionen kunna utöva tillsyn över chefer och personer i företagsledningen bland mäklarföretagen, förutsatt att detta förslag går igenom. Vi anser att detta lagförslag är ett steg i rätt riktning och att detta skulle kunna bidra till att riskbenägenheten inom branschen minskar. / The purpose of this thesis is to address the factors that have a major impact on brokers risk propensity towards Fastighetsmäklarlagen. Because there are many factors that can affect an individual's risk propensity this thesis has been limited to: - Wage setting. - Corporate culture. - Broker's obligation to provide information and bait prices. - SOU 2018:64 with regard to the supervision of brokerage companies and the individuals within them. - Active within the brokerage industry after revoked registration. The latter point has been taken into account because we noticed during the course of this thesis that many brokers who have had their registration revoked were still active within the industry in a different position. The thesis addresses brokers (both active and those who have had their registration revoked), interest organizations: FMF (Fastighetsmäklarförbundet), Mäklarsamfundet and Fastighetsmäklarinspektionen views on the matter. A qualitative method has been used where data from Fastighetsmäklarinspektionen has been collected and analysed regarding brokers who have had their registration revoked between the period 2016-2020. These individuals, 26, have thereafter been interviewed (those who chose to participate). We have also interviewed active brokers, FMF, Mäklarsamfundet and Fastighetsmäklarinspektionen to get a more accurate picture of reality. The interviews were conducted by telephone, with the exception of two interviews which were conducted by mail, as this was more convenient when we had follow-up questions and because of the prevailing situation with Covid-19, this was the best option. As mentioned, there are many factors that can affect a broker's tendency to take risks. By risk in this thesis we mean that the broker performs a deliberate act that violates Fastighetsmäklarlagen for his or her own gain. This is often done at the seller's or the buyer's expense. Some factors that we believe have a major impact on risk and therefore chose to investigate were wage setting and the corporate culture. With regard to wage setting, which is often commission-based in the brokerage industry, there is a risk that conflicts of interest arise for the broker. Similarly, there are obvious conflicts of interest between the interests of the buyer and the seller that the broker must take into consideration. We believe that these conflicts of interest provide increased incentives for the broker to take higher risks in his/hers professional practice. Based on our results, there are indications that all individuals who were interviewed shared the same view as us. The corporate culture is a very interesting and important aspect for the individual broker's behavior. According to this study and previous research, both colleagues and managers can influence the individual broker's risk propensity. As head of a broker's office, there is a great responsibility for spreading the right culture and ethical rules towards sellers and buyers. Especially as a newly hired and newly graduated broker, there is much to learn from the practical practice that to some extent does not have any room during the education. Having good role models is an important factor in acting correctly as a broker. In the bill for the new Fastighetsmäklarlagen Fastighetsmäklarinspektionen will be able to exercise supervision over managers and people in corporate management among the brokerage firms, provided that this bill will go through. We believe that this bill is a step in the right direction and that this could help to reduce the risk propensity in the industry.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELO DUGAN DELL ORTI.pdf: 4739570 bytes, checksum: 345440ab5f88eb84003b6146db47481c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-24 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This work is a qualitative research that it has as purpose to investigate the students' of the 2nd year of the Medium Teaching of a state public school of São Paulo acting, on the interpretation and analysis of information contained in graphs. The study was inspired in the recovery Project and students' of the state public net reinforcement, "São Paulo Faz Escola", proposed by the General Office of Education of the State of São Paulo in the year of 2008. Specifically, we stopped in the material addressed to the students of 7th and 8th series, in the form of a newspaper, in which the block of Natural science suggests several activities, involving texts and graphs that treat of the growth certain quatis populations. The starting point of that proposal was discussion of the meaning of the alimentary chain related to the animal life of a certain area, culminating with the calculation of the taxes of rude and relative growth. We noticed that those activities with graphic representations, requested of the students mathematical abilities and reading capacity and interpretation of data contained in graphs, to solve them. We identified a good opportunity there to accomplish our work, seeking to investigate as the students behaves when requested to look for information contained in graphs, for they make comparisons of amounts and they manipulate knowledge mobilized of mathematics, in what it refers to the subtraction operations and division. The instrument for collection of data was constituted by five activities contentment texts and graphic representations, that you/they were orientated by the theory of the Registrations of Representations Semiotics of Duval, and for the levels of understanding of graphic representations, of Curcio. The students accomplished the activities in a climate of enthusiasm and seriousness and the results allow to infer that, with the worked abilities, the students seem to be instrumented to begin the analysis of the behavior of functions starting from it graphic registration. This conjecture can serve as starting point for future researches / Este trabalho é uma pesquisa qualitativa que tem como finalidade investigar o desempenho de alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública estadual de São Paulo, sobre a interpretação e análise de informações contidas em gráficos. O estudo foi inspirado no projeto de recuperação e reforço de alunos da rede pública estadual, São Paulo Faz Escola , proposto pela Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo no ano de 2008. Especificamente, nos detivemos no material direcionado aos alunos de 7ª e 8ª séries, na forma de um jornal, no qual o bloco de Ciências Naturais sugere diversas atividades, envolvendo textos e gráficos que tratam do crescimento de determinadas populações de quatis. O ponto de partida dessa proposta foi discussão do significado da cadeia alimentar relacionada à vida animal de uma determinada região, culminando com o cálculo das taxas de crescimento bruto e relativo. Percebemos que essas atividades com representações gráficas, solicitavam dos alunos habilidades matemáticas e capacidade de leitura e interpretação de dados contidos em gráficos, para resolvê-las. Identificamos aí uma boa oportunidade para realizar nosso trabalho, visando investigar como os alunos se comportam quando solicitados a buscar informações contidas em gráficos, para fazerem comparações de quantidades e manipularem conhecimentos mobilizáveis de matemática, no que se refere às operações de subtração e divisão. O instrumento para coleta de dados foi constituído por cinco atividades contento textos e representações gráficas, que foram norteadas pela teoria dos Registros de Representações Semióticas de Duval, e pelos níveis de compreensão de representações gráficas, de Cúrcio. Os estudantes realizaram as atividades num clima de entusiasmo e seriedade e os resultados permitem inferir que, com as habilidades trabalhadas, os alunos parecem estar instrumentalizados a iniciar a análise do comportamento de funções a partir de seu registro gráfico. Esta conjectura pode servir de ponto de partida para futuras pesquisas

The major focus and question emanating from the research is: to what extent do the operational action plans, policies, functions, procedures and activities as well as their implementation within the Directorate: Student Admissions and Registrations correlate with the strategic objectives of the University of South Africa (Unisa)? In alignment with the above, the major challenge of the study was to identify adequate and appropriate approaches to ensure appropriate correlation levels between strategic objectives and their successful implementation relevant to the Directorate: Student Admissions and Registrations. The challenge of every Departmental Head is to turn theory into practice; to make something happen and to translate strategic plans into real business results. This will be accomplished only when there is synergy or connectivity between strategic and operational planning towards effective implementation. Various literature reviews and research topics on strategic management focus either on strategic planning or strategic implementation as separate identities. Few publications address the challenge of connecting the pursuit of strategic objectives with operational plans. Even fewer literature reviews indicate the relationship or correlation levels between strategic objectives and operational plans of an organisation; the desirable or appropriate level thereof, to ensure the effective pursuit of strategic objectives. The outcomes of this study could contribute to the identification of an appropriate approach and measurement criteria to ensure connectivity/alignment between specific strategic objectives and operational plans relevant to the Directorate: Student Admissions and Registrations. By doing this, the strategic objectives are effectively and efficiently promoted to those responsible for carrying out the execution plan. The researcher has adopted a comprehensively-integrated-aligned-strategic-processmanagement- approach as part of the standardised operational plans of the Directorate: Student Admissions and Registrations so as to ensure more effective and efficient (appropriate) correlation levels in respect of specific strategic objectives relevant to the Directorate: Student Admissions and Registrations due to a lack of correlation in some instances. The above approach represents a total view of an organisation‟s strategic management and control systems and consists of the strategic planning, operational plans and resultsmanagement plans. The mentioned approach will also consist of a measurement criterion which identifies critical enablers, dependencies and drivers to ensure vertical and horizontal alignment in respect of original planning (the what and why) with the implementation plans (when, how and by whom).The integrated-aligned-strategic-management-process-approach enforces the timely availability of major enablers, dependencies and drivers necessary to support the execution of activities, related to specific strategic objectives. It also identifies the possible lack thereof prior to the implementation of strategic plans. Specific alternatives or workarounds can be identified to ensure continuity in respect of the implementation processes related to specific strategic objectives. In this way, the above approach will enhance the effective and efficient management and coordination of an organisation to drive intended strategic outcomes within a specific process, taking into account project management-driven principles within a specific sequence of activities (grouping together what belongs together). The latter will involve all roleplayers in the work situation accountable for the implementation process (creating ownership). By doing this, duplication and overlapping of activities will be eliminated and connectivity/alignment between specific strategic objectives and their implementation will be enforced. The focus falls on the entire key/core process and cycle, producing outcomes of success in respect of the implementation of objectives (the right people will be doing the right things at the right time).The integrated-aligned-strategic-management-process-approach enforces the timely availability of major enablers, dependencies and drivers necessary to support the execution of activities, related to specific strategic objectives. It also identifies the possible lack thereof prior to the implementation of strategic plans. Specific alternatives or workarounds can be identified to ensure continuity in respect of the implementation processes related to specific strategic objectives. In this way, the above approach will enhance the effective and efficient management and coordination of an organisation to drive intended strategic outcomes within a specific process, taking into account project management-driven principles within a specific sequence of activities (grouping together what belongs together). The latter will involve all roleplayers in the work situation accountable for the implementation process (creating ownership). By doing this, duplication and overlapping of activities will be eliminated and connectivity/alignment between specific strategic objectives and their implementation will be enforced. The focus falls on the entire key/core process and cycle, producing outcomes of success in respect of the implementation of objectives (the right people will be doing the right things at the right time). The integrated-aligned-strategic-management-process-approach enforces the timely availability of major enablers, dependencies and drivers necessary to support the execution of activities, related to specific strategic objectives. It also identifies the possible lack thereof prior to the implementation of strategic plans. Specific alternatives or workarounds can be identified to ensure continuity in respect of the implementation processes related to specific strategic objectives. In this way, the above approach will enhance the effective and efficient management and coordination of an organisation to drive intended strategic outcomes within a specific process, taking into account project management-driven principles within a specific sequence of activities (grouping together what belongs together). The latter will involve all roleplayers in the work situation accountable for the implementation process (creating ownership). By doing this, duplication and overlapping of activities will be eliminated and connectivity/alignment between specific strategic objectives and their implementation will be enforced. The focus falls on the entire key/core process and cycle, producing outcomes of success in respect of the implementation of objectives (the right people will be doing the right things at the right time). The integrated-aligned-strategic-management-process-approach enforces the timely availability of major enablers, dependencies and drivers necessary to support the execution of activities, related to specific strategic objectives. It also identifies the possible lack thereof prior to the implementation of strategic plans. Specific alternatives or workarounds can be identified to ensure continuity in respect of the implementation processes related to specific strategic objectives. In this way, the above approach will enhance the effective and efficient management and coordination of an organisation to drive intended strategic outcomes within a specific process, taking into account project management-driven principles within a specific sequence of activities (grouping together what belongs together). The latter will involve all roleplayers in the work situation accountable for the implementation process (creating ownership). By doing this, duplication and overlapping of activities will be eliminated and connectivity/alignment between specific strategic objectives and their implementation will be enforced. The focus falls on the entire key/core process and cycle, producing outcomes of success in respect of the implementation of objectives (the right people will be doing the right things at the right time). / Public Administration & Management / M.A. (Public Administration)

The major focus and question emanating from the research is: to what extent do the operational action plans, policies, functions, procedures and activities as well as their implementation within the Directorate: Student Admissions and Registrations correlate with the strategic objectives of the University of South Africa (Unisa)? In alignment with the above, the major challenge of the study was to identify adequate and appropriate approaches to ensure appropriate correlation levels between strategic objectives and their successful implementation relevant to the Directorate: Student Admissions and Registrations. The challenge of every Departmental Head is to turn theory into practice; to make something happen and to translate strategic plans into real business results. This will be accomplished only when there is synergy or connectivity between strategic and operational planning towards effective implementation. Various literature reviews and research topics on strategic management focus either on strategic planning or strategic implementation as separate identities. Few publications address the challenge of connecting the pursuit of strategic objectives with operational plans. Even fewer literature reviews indicate the relationship or correlation levels between strategic objectives and operational plans of an organisation; the desirable or appropriate level thereof, to ensure the effective pursuit of strategic objectives. The outcomes of this study could contribute to the identification of an appropriate approach and measurement criteria to ensure connectivity/alignment between specific strategic objectives and operational plans relevant to the Directorate: Student Admissions and Registrations. By doing this, the strategic objectives are effectively and efficiently promoted to those responsible for carrying out the execution plan. The researcher has adopted a comprehensively-integrated-aligned-strategic-processmanagement- approach as part of the standardised operational plans of the Directorate: Student Admissions and Registrations so as to ensure more effective and efficient (appropriate) correlation levels in respect of specific strategic objectives relevant to the Directorate: Student Admissions and Registrations due to a lack of correlation in some instances. The above approach represents a total view of an organisation‟s strategic management and control systems and consists of the strategic planning, operational plans and resultsmanagement plans. The mentioned approach will also consist of a measurement criterion which identifies critical enablers, dependencies and drivers to ensure vertical and horizontal alignment in respect of original planning (the what and why) with the implementation plans (when, how and by whom).The integrated-aligned-strategic-management-process-approach enforces the timely availability of major enablers, dependencies and drivers necessary to support the execution of activities, related to specific strategic objectives. It also identifies the possible lack thereof prior to the implementation of strategic plans. Specific alternatives or workarounds can be identified to ensure continuity in respect of the implementation processes related to specific strategic objectives. In this way, the above approach will enhance the effective and efficient management and coordination of an organisation to drive intended strategic outcomes within a specific process, taking into account project management-driven principles within a specific sequence of activities (grouping together what belongs together). The latter will involve all roleplayers in the work situation accountable for the implementation process (creating ownership). By doing this, duplication and overlapping of activities will be eliminated and connectivity/alignment between specific strategic objectives and their implementation will be enforced. The focus falls on the entire key/core process and cycle, producing outcomes of success in respect of the implementation of objectives (the right people will be doing the right things at the right time).The integrated-aligned-strategic-management-process-approach enforces the timely availability of major enablers, dependencies and drivers necessary to support the execution of activities, related to specific strategic objectives. It also identifies the possible lack thereof prior to the implementation of strategic plans. Specific alternatives or workarounds can be identified to ensure continuity in respect of the implementation processes related to specific strategic objectives. In this way, the above approach will enhance the effective and efficient management and coordination of an organisation to drive intended strategic outcomes within a specific process, taking into account project management-driven principles within a specific sequence of activities (grouping together what belongs together). The latter will involve all roleplayers in the work situation accountable for the implementation process (creating ownership). By doing this, duplication and overlapping of activities will be eliminated and connectivity/alignment between specific strategic objectives and their implementation will be enforced. The focus falls on the entire key/core process and cycle, producing outcomes of success in respect of the implementation of objectives (the right people will be doing the right things at the right time). The integrated-aligned-strategic-management-process-approach enforces the timely availability of major enablers, dependencies and drivers necessary to support the execution of activities, related to specific strategic objectives. It also identifies the possible lack thereof prior to the implementation of strategic plans. Specific alternatives or workarounds can be identified to ensure continuity in respect of the implementation processes related to specific strategic objectives. In this way, the above approach will enhance the effective and efficient management and coordination of an organisation to drive intended strategic outcomes within a specific process, taking into account project management-driven principles within a specific sequence of activities (grouping together what belongs together). The latter will involve all roleplayers in the work situation accountable for the implementation process (creating ownership). By doing this, duplication and overlapping of activities will be eliminated and connectivity/alignment between specific strategic objectives and their implementation will be enforced. The focus falls on the entire key/core process and cycle, producing outcomes of success in respect of the implementation of objectives (the right people will be doing the right things at the right time). The integrated-aligned-strategic-management-process-approach enforces the timely availability of major enablers, dependencies and drivers necessary to support the execution of activities, related to specific strategic objectives. It also identifies the possible lack thereof prior to the implementation of strategic plans. Specific alternatives or workarounds can be identified to ensure continuity in respect of the implementation processes related to specific strategic objectives. In this way, the above approach will enhance the effective and efficient management and coordination of an organisation to drive intended strategic outcomes within a specific process, taking into account project management-driven principles within a specific sequence of activities (grouping together what belongs together). The latter will involve all roleplayers in the work situation accountable for the implementation process (creating ownership). By doing this, duplication and overlapping of activities will be eliminated and connectivity/alignment between specific strategic objectives and their implementation will be enforced. The focus falls on the entire key/core process and cycle, producing outcomes of success in respect of the implementation of objectives (the right people will be doing the right things at the right time). / Public Administration and Management / M.A. (Public Administration)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:58:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Auriluci C Figueiredo.pdf: 465672 bytes, checksum: 1df03500d906e4b187451daa2641f78b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-12-12 / This work has for objective to introduce the concept of the Conditional Probability in courses of Statistics in the University. For that we elaborated, we applied and we analyzed the results of a teaching sequence taking in consideration the beginnings of a Didactic Engineering. This teaching sequence is composed of four activities that they were created, basing on Carmen Batanero's didactic situations and other, with the aim of doing the student to contemplate on circumstances that involve not only the Conditional Probability, as the concepts linked to the Theorem of the Total Probability and the Theorem of Bayes. To work with such concepts we articulated in the subjects of the activities different representation registrations: natural, symbolic language, diagram of trees and contingency table, taking as base the Theory of Registrations of Representation of Raymond Duval. We applied this sequence to students of the courses of Licentiate of Mathematics and Science of the Computation and before the those students' protocols, we concluded that our sequence aided them they decrease it the difficulties lifted by us and for the researchers and at the same time it indicated themes for future researches in the area. Enter other conclusions stood out that most of the students before subjects that involve the Conditional Probability differentiated this of the Probability of the intersection of events and I calculate it of P(A/B) of the one of P(B/A), since these if they come in the questions in natural language. However when similar subjects were presented in the language symbolic many students they showed difficulties in solving them / Este trabalho tem por objetivo introduzir o conceito da Probabilidade Condicional em cursos de Estatística na Universidade. Para isso, elaboramos, aplicamos e analisamos os resultados de uma seqüência de ensino levando em consideração os princípios de uma Engenharia Didática. Esta seqüência de ensino é composta de quatro atividades que foram criadas, baseando-se nas situações didáticas apresentadas por Carmen Batanero e outros autores, com o intuito de fazer o aluno refletir sobre circunstâncias que envolvam não só a Probabilidade Condicional, bem como os conceitos ligados ao Teorema da Probabilidade Total e o Teorema de Bayes. Para trabalhar com tais conceitos, articulamos nas questões das atividades, diferentes registros de representação: linguagem natural, simbólica, diagrama de árvore e tabela de contingência, tomando como base a Teoria de Registros de Representação de Raymond Duval. Aplicamos esta seqüência aos alunos dos cursos de Licenciatura de Matemática e Ciência da Computação e diante dos protocolos desses alunos, concluímos que nossa seqüência os auxiliou a minimizar as dificuldades levantadas por nós e pelos pesquisadores e ao mesmo tempo indicou temas para futuras pesquisas na área. Dentre outras conclusões, ressaltamos que a maioria dos alunos diante de questões que envolvam a Probabilidade Condicional diferenciavam esta da Probabilidade da Interseção de Eventos e o Cálculo da P(A/B) do de P(B/A), desde que estes se apresentassem nas perguntas em linguagem natural. No entanto, quando questões análogas foram apresentadas na linguagem simbólica, muitos alunos mostraram dificuldades em resolvê-las

Magister Legum - LLM

La radiothérapie, qui représente un des traitements principaux des cancers, consiste à détruire les cellules tumorales par des radiations. Elle est délivrée sur plusieurs séances et nécessite une précision de plus en plus importante dans la localisation de la tumeur pour ne pas endommager les tissus sains avoisinants par des doses toujours plus élevées. Deux enjeux sont alors cruciaux : le positionnement quotidien du patient et le suivi de sa tumeur si celle-ci est mobile. Dans ce travail, nous abordons ces deux points en proposant tout d'abord un système de repositionnement précis et non irradiant. Ce système est composé de deux caméras temps de vol qui permettent une acquisition surfacique du patient à une fréquence pouvant atteindre les 50 Hz. Nous proposons ensuite une nouvelle approche de traitement prenant en compte les mouvements de la tumeur et des tissus sains tout en gardant à l'esprit que le temps de délivrance de traitement ne doit pas être trop augmenté. Nous combinons alors une irradiation par modulation d'intensité qui protège les tissus non tumoraux avec une irradiation délivrée sur une seule phase respiratoire. La nouveauté consiste ici à reproduire ce schéma sur plusieurs phases afin de stopper l'irradiation un minimum de temps par cycle respiratoire et donc d'achever la délivrance du traitement plus rapidement. Nous terminons par l'évaluation d'un modèle respiratoire créé et appliqué à nos données cliniques qui pourrait, couplé au système et au traitement proposés dans cette thèse, augmenter leurs performances en fournissant des informations anatomiques en temps réel. / Radiation therapy is one of the principal cancer treatments which uses radiations to kill cancerous cells. It is delivered over several days and requires an increasing tumor location accuracy in order irradiate well the tumor while protecting the surrounding healthy tissues. Therefore, we have to deal with two major issues: daily patient positioning and tumor motion management. As a first step, we propose an accurate non irradiant system for patient positioning. This system is composed of two times of flight cameras which acquire the patient surface at a frequency of 50 Hz. Then, we suggest a new treatment method that accounts for tumor and healthy tissue motion without increasing treatment duration. For this purpose, we combine an intensity modulated radiation therapy to the gating technique that delivers radiations on a unique respiratory phase. Our contribution consists on reproducing this scheme on several phases while increasing irradiation time efficiency. Finally, we evaluate a breathing model created and validated on our clinical datasets. This model, if coupled with our previous developments, could improve their accuracy by offering a real-time anatomical motion tracking.