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Objective: To elaborate a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for patients with type 2 diabetes. Design: Dietary data using 3-day weighed diet records (WDR) from 188 outpatients with type 2 diabetes were used to construct the list of usually consumed foods. Foods were initially clustered into eight groups: “cereals, tubers, roots, and derivatives”; “vegetables”; “fruits”; “beans”; “meat and eggs”; “milk and dairy products”; “oils and fats”, and “sugars and sweets”. The frequency of food intake and the relative contribution of each food item to the total energy and nutrient intakes were calculated. A food was included if it contributed at least 80% to total energy or nutrient content in its respective food group. Portion sizes were determined according to the 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles of intake for each food item. Setting: GNE - Group of Nutrition in Endocrinology - cohort - Southern Brazil. Subjects: Outpatients with type 2 diabetes. Results: A total of 62 food items were selected based on the 3-day WDR and another 27 foods or their preparation options and nine beverages were included after the expert examination, and accounted for 95% of total energy and nutrient intakes. Also, a portfolio with food photos of each included food item and its portion sizes was created to support the patients in identifying the consumed portion. Conclusions: We developed a practical quantitative FFQ and portfolio with photos of 98 food items covering the past 12 months of the most commonly consumed food items. This dietary method will be valuable to assess the usual diet pattern of patients with type 2 diabetes in Southern Brazil.

Objective: To elaborate a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for patients with type 2 diabetes. Design: Dietary data using 3-day weighed diet records (WDR) from 188 outpatients with type 2 diabetes were used to construct the list of usually consumed foods. Foods were initially clustered into eight groups: “cereals, tubers, roots, and derivatives”; “vegetables”; “fruits”; “beans”; “meat and eggs”; “milk and dairy products”; “oils and fats”, and “sugars and sweets”. The frequency of food intake and the relative contribution of each food item to the total energy and nutrient intakes were calculated. A food was included if it contributed at least 80% to total energy or nutrient content in its respective food group. Portion sizes were determined according to the 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles of intake for each food item. Setting: GNE - Group of Nutrition in Endocrinology - cohort - Southern Brazil. Subjects: Outpatients with type 2 diabetes. Results: A total of 62 food items were selected based on the 3-day WDR and another 27 foods or their preparation options and nine beverages were included after the expert examination, and accounted for 95% of total energy and nutrient intakes. Also, a portfolio with food photos of each included food item and its portion sizes was created to support the patients in identifying the consumed portion. Conclusions: We developed a practical quantitative FFQ and portfolio with photos of 98 food items covering the past 12 months of the most commonly consumed food items. This dietary method will be valuable to assess the usual diet pattern of patients with type 2 diabetes in Southern Brazil.

Objective: To elaborate a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for patients with type 2 diabetes. Design: Dietary data using 3-day weighed diet records (WDR) from 188 outpatients with type 2 diabetes were used to construct the list of usually consumed foods. Foods were initially clustered into eight groups: “cereals, tubers, roots, and derivatives”; “vegetables”; “fruits”; “beans”; “meat and eggs”; “milk and dairy products”; “oils and fats”, and “sugars and sweets”. The frequency of food intake and the relative contribution of each food item to the total energy and nutrient intakes were calculated. A food was included if it contributed at least 80% to total energy or nutrient content in its respective food group. Portion sizes were determined according to the 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles of intake for each food item. Setting: GNE - Group of Nutrition in Endocrinology - cohort - Southern Brazil. Subjects: Outpatients with type 2 diabetes. Results: A total of 62 food items were selected based on the 3-day WDR and another 27 foods or their preparation options and nine beverages were included after the expert examination, and accounted for 95% of total energy and nutrient intakes. Also, a portfolio with food photos of each included food item and its portion sizes was created to support the patients in identifying the consumed portion. Conclusions: We developed a practical quantitative FFQ and portfolio with photos of 98 food items covering the past 12 months of the most commonly consumed food items. This dietary method will be valuable to assess the usual diet pattern of patients with type 2 diabetes in Southern Brazil.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar um ou mais padrões de dieta e verificar sua associação com excesso de peso em uma amostra de indivíduos adultos de Porto Alegre. Para avaliar a dieta, desenvolveu-se um questionário de freqüência alimentar (QFA) composto por 135 itens alimentares. A validade relativa do questionário foi verificada comparando-o à média de dois inquéritos recordatórios de 24 horas. A comparação entre os métodos foi realizada através dos coeficientes de correlação de Pearson e da classificação dos indivíduos segundo as distribuições em quartis de energia e nutrientes de cada método. Após ajuste para energia total e deatenuação, a correlação média entre os métodos foi 0,43. Em média, 76% dos participantes foram classificados no mesmo quartil ou quartis adjacentes; e somente 4% foram classificados em quartis opostos. Com base nas informações obtidas com o QFA, realizou-se análise exploratória de fatores para identificar padrões alimentares. A associação entre os padrões e excesso de peso foi testada utilizando-se análise de regressão de Poisson modificada, ajustando-se para variáveis de confundimento. Seis padrões foram derivados e explicaram 40,2% da variância total na ingestão de alimentos. Os rótulos atribuídos foram de acordo com os alimentos que mais contribuíram para o padrão: “Fast-food”, “Alimentos light/diet”, “Vegetais e frutas”, “Carnes e vísceras”, “Camarão e oleaginosas” e “Feijão e arroz”. O ajuste na análise para fatores de confusão mostrou que o aumento de uma unidade no escore do padrão “Carnes e Vísceras” elevou em 24% a prevalência de excesso de peso. Adicionalmente, houve tendência à redução nesta taxa entre aqueles que seguiam os padrões “Camarão e Oleaginosas” e “Feijão e Arroz”. Concluindo, o QFA apresentou validade razoável, o padrão “Carnes e vísceras” foi preditor de excesso de peso, enquanto os padrões “Camarão e oleaginosas” e “Feijão e arroz” mostraram tendência à proteção. / The objective of this study was to identify one or more eating patterns and to evaluate the association between these patterns with excess of weight in a sample of adult from Porto Alegre. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), covering 135 food items, was developed to assess diet patterns. Relative validity of the FFQ was verified by comparison with the average of two 24-hour dietary recalls. The comparison between the two methods was carried out using Pearson correlation coefficient and cross-classification of individuals according to the quartile energy and nutrients distributions in each method. After adjustment for total energy intake and de-attenuation, the average correlation between the two methods was 0.43. On average, 76% of the participants were classified in the same quartile or in the adjacent quartiles; and only 4% were misclassified into the opposite quartiles. Based on of the information obtained from the FFQ, an exploratory analysis of factors was carried out to identify eating patterns. The association between eating patterns and overweight was tested using modified Poisson models, adjusting for confounding variables. Six patterns were derived and accounted for 40.2% of the total variance in food intake. These were labeled according to the food types that contributed most to the pattern: “Fast-food”, “Light/Diet Foods”, “Fruit and Vegetables”, “Meat and Animal products”; “Shrimp and Oily foods” and “Beans and Rice”. The analysis adjusting for confounding factors showed that the increase of one unit in the “Meat and Animal Products” pattern raised by 24% the prevalence of overweight. In addition, there was a trend to reduce overweight rate for those who had the “Shrimp and Oily Foods” and “Beans and Rice” patterns. In conclusion, the FFQ showed reasonable validity, the “Meat and Animal Products” pattern was a predictor of overweight, while the “Shrimp and Oily foods” and “Beans and Rice” patterns showed a trend to protect against excess of weight.