Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-11T19:19:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Jean Márcia Mascarenhas. 2013.pdf: 2459532 bytes, checksum: 722afaa58e4302dc9614255aa38e1405 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-11T19:19:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Jean Márcia Mascarenhas. 2013.pdf: 2459532 bytes, checksum: 722afaa58e4302dc9614255aa38e1405 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-11T19:19:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Jean Márcia Mascarenhas. 2013.pdf: 2459532 bytes, checksum: 722afaa58e4302dc9614255aa38e1405 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Estima-se que 300 milhões de pessoas no mundo sejam portadoras de asma. A asma é uma doença crônica com alta prevalência principalmente na infância. Considerando a prevalência elevada de sintomas de asma em Salvador, Bahia, assim como a escassez de conhecimentos sobre os fatores associados a esse tipo de ocorrência os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: verificar a validade do questionário de frequência alimentar (QFA) utilizado na obtenção dos padrões alimentares, identificar os padrões de consumo e investigar os determinantes demográficos, sociais e econômicos dos diferentes padrões encontrados; e identificar os fatores associados a sintomas de asma nos adolescentes. Foi estudada uma amostra total de 1.330 indivíduos com idade de 11 a 17 anos, alunos da rede pública de ensino de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Neste estudo a validação do QFA foi satisfatória para maioria dos nutrientes. Foram identificados três padrões de consumo alimentares: misto, tradicional e saudável. Analisando as características da população observou-se o predomínio do sexo feminino, 56,9%, e idade maior que 13 anos, 79,2%. O sexo e o indicador da condição econômica estão associados aos padrões alimentares. Os adolescentes da classe econômica mais baixa e do sexo masculino adotam consumo alimentar mais saudável em relação àqueles das classes econômicas mais altas e do sexo feminino. Foi encontrada prevalência de sintomas de asma de 7.6% e chiado no peito nos últimos 12 meses de 8.6%. Pode-se concluir que a prevalência de asma nesta amostra se encontra abaixo da média mundial e da encontrada no Brasil e Salvador, Bahia. Os sintomas para asma foram mais prevalentes nos adolescentes do sexo masculino, entre os portadores de rinite e menos prevalente entre os adolescentes com consumo moderado de alimentos que integram o padrão saudável. Com isso pode-se concluir que o consumo de alimentos considerados saudáveis atua como protetores para sintomas de asma. / Salvador

Background Risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases have been shown to track from childhood into adulthood. Cost-effective intervention starts with valid screening. The aim of this research was development and comparative validation of a dietary fat screener in grade six learners. Methods A pictorial, quantitative food frequency questionnaire type, scored dietary fat screener (test method), consisting of ten food categories associated with high fat intakes, was developed and subjected to developmental evaluations in the target group. Subsequently the test method was administered to learners of an urban middle-class school (Pretoria, South Africa). Test-retest reproducibility was checked in a random sub-sample. Two reference methods were used for comparison: Parental completion of the screener and a three-day food record by the children. Reliability testing of the test method involved measuring internal consistency and test-retest reproducibility. Credibility of energy intakes in the food record was checked. Mean cholesterol intake and percentage fat and saturated fat energy were determined. Comparative validation was based on correlations, mean differences and the Bland Altman method for continuous variables. Percentage agreement, kappa statistics and the McNemar tests were determined for categorical data, as were sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted. Results Sample: Out of 108 children, 39 (100%) were re-tested, 93 (86%) provided usable food records and 78 (72%) parents responded. Mean age was 148±4.4 months. Reliability: The test method was internally consistent. Test-retest reproducibility of portion size and frequency of intake estimates depended on the food category. No systematic error between administrations was noted as mean category and final score differences between the two administrations did not differ significantly from zero. A significant (r=0.36, P=0.02) correlation existed between administrations, but boys were characterised by random error and a lack of reproducibility (r=0.26, P=0.29), whilst for girls reproducibility could be established (r=0.58, P=0.01). Comparison to screener by parents: Children and parents did not agree in respect of reported portion size and frequency of intake. Parents had lower values for all scores. Correlation between children’s and parents’ final scores was 0.23 (P=0.04) (boys: r=0.13, P=0.46; girls: r=0.33, P=0.04), but the mean difference in final scores differed significantly from zero (P=0.0001). Classification was identical in 74% of cases, but when corrected for chance this agreement was also poor. Comparison to food record: The food record appeared to be a plausible reflection of energy intakes during the recording period. For girls a significant (P<0.05) correlation between test method final score versus cholesterol intake and energy from total and saturated fat was found. The sensitivity of the test method was very high (over 90%). Chance corrected agreement between test method classification and measures of fat intake from the food record was poor. Changing the cut-off of the test method final score could not achieve high sensitivity and high specificity simultaneously. Conclusion The dietary fat screener cannot yet be used as sole indicator of high fat intake in grade six learners. Until the discriminatory abilities have been improved, its value lies in creating awareness of high fat intakes and providing a food-based starting point for anticipatory guidance. / Thesis (PhD (Human Nutrition))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Human Nutrition / unrestricted

Objective: To elaborate a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for patients with type 2 diabetes. Design: Dietary data using 3-day weighed diet records (WDR) from 188 outpatients with type 2 diabetes were used to construct the list of usually consumed foods. Foods were initially clustered into eight groups: “cereals, tubers, roots, and derivatives”; “vegetables”; “fruits”; “beans”; “meat and eggs”; “milk and dairy products”; “oils and fats”, and “sugars and sweets”. The frequency of food intake and the relative contribution of each food item to the total energy and nutrient intakes were calculated. A food was included if it contributed at least 80% to total energy or nutrient content in its respective food group. Portion sizes were determined according to the 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles of intake for each food item. Setting: GNE - Group of Nutrition in Endocrinology - cohort - Southern Brazil. Subjects: Outpatients with type 2 diabetes. Results: A total of 62 food items were selected based on the 3-day WDR and another 27 foods or their preparation options and nine beverages were included after the expert examination, and accounted for 95% of total energy and nutrient intakes. Also, a portfolio with food photos of each included food item and its portion sizes was created to support the patients in identifying the consumed portion. Conclusions: We developed a practical quantitative FFQ and portfolio with photos of 98 food items covering the past 12 months of the most commonly consumed food items. This dietary method will be valuable to assess the usual diet pattern of patients with type 2 diabetes in Southern Brazil.

Distress tolerance and experiential avoidance are important aspects of the coping process. In the current study, both were examined in relation to Body Mass Index and self-reported disturbances in mood and eating behavior. Distress tolerance was measured behaviorally and via self-report to elucidate the manner in which a) the ability to tolerate emotional distress, and b) the ability to persist behaviorally in the presence of stress-inducing stimuli were related to self-reported levels of depression, anxiety, maladaptive eating habits, and bodily concerns. A sample of 73 undergraduate students participated, and height, weight, and waist circumference were measured. Increased experiential avoidance was associated with increased weight status; however, this was true only for the morbidly obese group (n = 1). Increased experiential avoidance and decreased self-efficacy significantly predicted less rewarding eating experiences. Individuals with lower distress tolerance on the DTS reported increased depression, anxiety, and experiential avoidance, and were more likely to indicate eating disturbances and concerns on self-report measures, although distress tolerance generally was unrelated to eating behaviors as indexed on food diaries. These results were not replicated utilizing a behavioral measure of distress tolerance. Future directions for research designed to examine these variables in overweight and obese populations are discussed.

Today 70 percent of the people residing in nursing homes are undernourished. One way to avoid that an individual is affected by malnutrition it is a necessity that the meals is customized after special needs current among other things as energy and protein. Food record is a method that can be used to examine and evaluate if an individual is getting sufficient nutrition and energy to cover the daily needs. For those suffering from malnutrition it is recommended to eat energy and protein enriched diet. Aims The aim is to compare the intake of energy and macronutrients in a group of elderly people living in a nursing home in southern Sweden before and after the introduction of an energy and protein enriched diet based on newly developed recipes. Methods Food record was made during four days. Food record means that everything that is consumed by an individual is noted precisely. The food records were performed during four days and were then nutritionally calculated in DietistNet. In our analysis we used a paired t-test and a significance level of 5 percent were used in all hypothesis tests. Results The intake of energy, fat and protein significantly increased when the energy and protein enriched diet was introduced. The amount of finished portions that by size corresponded with a reference portion increased from 22 to 75 percent. Conclusion When the energy and protein enriched diet was introduced the intake of energy, protein and fat was significantly increased and the mean amongst the participants reached the nutrition recommendations from NNR. / Idag är cirka 70 procent av de som är bosatta på särskilda boende konstaterat undernärda eller i riskzonen för undernäring. En metod för att undvika att en individ drabbas av undernäring är att måltiderna anpassas efter särskilda behov med avseende på bland annat energi och protein. Kostregistrering är en metod som kan användas för att undersöka och värdera om en individ får i sig tillräckligt med makronutrienter och energi för att täcka dagsbehovet. För de som lider av undernäring kan en energi- och proteinrik kost (EPR-kost) rekommenderas. Syfte Syftet är att jämföra intag av energi och makronutrienter bland äldre på ett särskilt boende i södra Sverige före och efter införande av EPR-kost baserad på nyutvecklade recept. Material och metod Kostregistrering innebär att allt som konsumeras av en individ noteras med exakthet. Kostregistreringarna genomfördes under fyra dygn och näringsvärdesberäknades i DietistNet. I analysen användes ett parat t-test och en felrisk på 5 procent användes vid alla hypotestest. Resultat Intaget av energi, fett och protein ökade signifikant då EPR-kost infördes. Antalet uppätna portioner som storleksmässigt motsvarade en referensportion ökade från 22 till 75 procent. Slutsatser Då EPR-kost infördes ökade intaget av energi, protein och fett signifikant och medelvärdet bland deltagarna uppnådde näringsrekommendationerna enligt NNR.

Objective: To elaborate a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for patients with type 2 diabetes. Design: Dietary data using 3-day weighed diet records (WDR) from 188 outpatients with type 2 diabetes were used to construct the list of usually consumed foods. Foods were initially clustered into eight groups: “cereals, tubers, roots, and derivatives”; “vegetables”; “fruits”; “beans”; “meat and eggs”; “milk and dairy products”; “oils and fats”, and “sugars and sweets”. The frequency of food intake and the relative contribution of each food item to the total energy and nutrient intakes were calculated. A food was included if it contributed at least 80% to total energy or nutrient content in its respective food group. Portion sizes were determined according to the 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles of intake for each food item. Setting: GNE - Group of Nutrition in Endocrinology - cohort - Southern Brazil. Subjects: Outpatients with type 2 diabetes. Results: A total of 62 food items were selected based on the 3-day WDR and another 27 foods or their preparation options and nine beverages were included after the expert examination, and accounted for 95% of total energy and nutrient intakes. Also, a portfolio with food photos of each included food item and its portion sizes was created to support the patients in identifying the consumed portion. Conclusions: We developed a practical quantitative FFQ and portfolio with photos of 98 food items covering the past 12 months of the most commonly consumed food items. This dietary method will be valuable to assess the usual diet pattern of patients with type 2 diabetes in Southern Brazil.

Objective: To elaborate a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for patients with type 2 diabetes. Design: Dietary data using 3-day weighed diet records (WDR) from 188 outpatients with type 2 diabetes were used to construct the list of usually consumed foods. Foods were initially clustered into eight groups: “cereals, tubers, roots, and derivatives”; “vegetables”; “fruits”; “beans”; “meat and eggs”; “milk and dairy products”; “oils and fats”, and “sugars and sweets”. The frequency of food intake and the relative contribution of each food item to the total energy and nutrient intakes were calculated. A food was included if it contributed at least 80% to total energy or nutrient content in its respective food group. Portion sizes were determined according to the 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles of intake for each food item. Setting: GNE - Group of Nutrition in Endocrinology - cohort - Southern Brazil. Subjects: Outpatients with type 2 diabetes. Results: A total of 62 food items were selected based on the 3-day WDR and another 27 foods or their preparation options and nine beverages were included after the expert examination, and accounted for 95% of total energy and nutrient intakes. Also, a portfolio with food photos of each included food item and its portion sizes was created to support the patients in identifying the consumed portion. Conclusions: We developed a practical quantitative FFQ and portfolio with photos of 98 food items covering the past 12 months of the most commonly consumed food items. This dietary method will be valuable to assess the usual diet pattern of patients with type 2 diabetes in Southern Brazil.

Children’s energy requirements may vary during school and summer camp days. To evaluate energy balance during these two periods, seventy-eight children (45% females, 8–10 years) living in Parma, Italy, were enrolled in this observational study. Participants completed a 3-day food diary and wore an activity tracker for three consecutive days during a school- and a summer camp-week to estimate energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (TEE). Height and body weight were measured at the beginning of each period to define children’s weight status. BMI and EI (school: 1692 ± 265 kcal/day; summer camp: 1738 ± 262 kcal/day) were similar during both periods. Both physical activity and TEE (summer camp: 1948 ± 312; school: 1704 ± 263 kcal/day) were higher during summer camp compared to school time. Therefore, energy balance was more negative during summer camp (−209 ± 366 kcal/day) compared to school time (−12 ± 331 kcal/day). Similar results were observed when males and females were analyzed separately but, comparing the sexes, males had a higher TEE and a more negative energy balance than females, during both periods. The results strongly suggest that an accurate evaluation of children’s energy balance, that considers both diet and physical activity, is needed when planning adequate diets for different situations.

Decreased skeletal muscle function (MF) is ubiquitous in hemodialysis (HD) patients and linked to functional decline. Serum vitamin D (25-OHD) and habitual physical activity (PA) are decreased in HD and linked to reduced MF in other populations. The associations between 25-OHD, PA, and MF were investigated in 81 stable HD patients. PA intensity was quantified using accelerometery, MF using handgrip strength dynamometery, 25-OHD via serum measures, and dietary and supplementation of vitamin D intake via three-day food records. MF correlated with PA (r =0.411, p = 0.003) when controlled for body mass (BM) and with 25-OHD (r =0.298, p = 0.023) when controlled for BM, age, and sex. Both MF (r=0.285, p=0.025) and 25-OHD (r=0.314, p=0.005) correlated with vitamin D supplementation. MF remained correlated with supplementation after controlling for 25-OHD (r=0.269, p=0.037). These findings should be further explored in interventional studies to assess how their manipulation influences MF in HD.

Decreased skeletal muscle function (MF) is ubiquitous in hemodialysis (HD) patients and linked to functional decline. Serum vitamin D (25-OHD) and habitual physical activity (PA) are decreased in HD and linked to reduced MF in other populations. The associations between 25-OHD, PA, and MF were investigated in 81 stable HD patients. PA intensity was quantified using accelerometery, MF using handgrip strength dynamometery, 25-OHD via serum measures, and dietary and supplementation of vitamin D intake via three-day food records. MF correlated with PA (r =0.411, p = 0.003) when controlled for body mass (BM) and with 25-OHD (r =0.298, p = 0.023) when controlled for BM, age, and sex. Both MF (r=0.285, p=0.025) and 25-OHD (r=0.314, p=0.005) correlated with vitamin D supplementation. MF remained correlated with supplementation after controlling for 25-OHD (r=0.269, p=0.037). These findings should be further explored in interventional studies to assess how their manipulation influences MF in HD.