IT is often seen as a solution to many problems concerning effectiveness in organizations. Information systems within the healthcare sector is often viewed as medical devices rather than just systems or services. These medical devices are thoroughly regulated by laws, standards and certifications. In this study I participated in an innovative project that aimed to bring new life and use to the old fashioned patient journal by giving it a visual representation through the use of an avatar. I aimed to study the effects of regulators connected with the patient journal as a source of information for the innovative project. I drew upon Actor-network theory as a theoretical lens to trace the patient journal and connect it with regulatory aspects important to innovative projects such as the studied scenario. I also aimed to research the possibilities and obstacles provided with today’s IT-climate in Swedish healthcare. I found that regulatory aspects according to Actor-network theory proved to be an actor that stabilizes the network that is the innovative project. Certain regulatory aspects such as quality management standards provided support for unifying the vision concerning the innovation. Further the regulatory aspects proved to be an actor that can shift power between project developers and external actors. The regulatory aspects did not show any significant effect on the innovation or its original vision. These aspects did however show proof of being a heavy provider of project complexity and experience concerning these aspects was shown to be hard to find. I also found that there are two distinct ways for an innovator to realize a vision within Swedish healthcare, the healthcare way and the patient way, these two ways are represented in a model framework for future research. Last but not least I presented a framework for future IT-architecture based on modern technology and the results found in this study.

In late Mars 2020, Covid19was declared to be a pandemic by the World Health Organization.The following crisis negatively affected the overall economy and also the Swedish corporate bond market. Generally, corporate bonds have been described as secure investments during turbulent market conditions, but now they decreased in value rapidly. The sellpressure was of unprecedented measures and it became difficult and costly for companies to issue new corporate bonds in order to refinance operations. Meanwhile, it became difficult for investors to sell their holdings as the liquidity deteriorated. Shortly after, the Swedish National Bank declared the Swedish corporate bond market to be highly dysfunctional. Moreover, the Swedish National Bank and the Financial Supervisory Authority identified some characteristics of the Swedish corporate bond market that contributed to the severe market stress, namely; (1) Limited liquidity and a small market (2) Lacking transparency and unreliable price information (3) Most issuers lacking a credit rating (4) A homogeneous group of investors and (5) Real estate companies constituting a large share of total issuers. These characteristics are defined as the five areas of concern in this thesis. This qualitative study is based on interviews with market participants. The objective is to identify which area of concern should be prioritized in order to improve the Swedish corporate bond market and which improvement measure is deemed most effective. The results show that transparency is the area of concern that should be prioritized. Nevertheless, the new selfregulations that will be implemented July 1st, 2021 with the purpose to improve transparency is not deemed to be enough, but rather a step in the right direction. Therefore, an iterative process is suggested, continuously evaluating and adjusting, ensuring that transparency improves but not to such an extent that liquidity is negatively impacted. / I mars 2020 deklarerade Världshälsoorganisationen att spridningen av Covid19 hade utvecklats till en pandemi. Krisen påverkade hela världsekonomin negativt och även den svenska företagsobligationsmarknaden. Företagsobligationer har generellt beskrivits som säkra investeringar under turbulenta marknadsförhållanden, men nu förlorade de sitt värde mycket snabbt. Försäljningstrycket var enormt och gjorde att det blev dyrt för företag att emittera nya obligationer och refinansiera sin verksamhet. Samtidigt blev det svårt för investerare att sälja sina innehav då likviditeten snabbt försämrades. Strax därefter uppgav Riksbanken att företagsobligationsmarknaden var högst dysfunktionell. Vidare identifierade Riksbanken och Finansinspektionen fem karaktärsdrag på den svenska företagsobligationsmarknaden som kan ha bidragit till den stressade marknadssituationen. Karaktärsdragen var följande; (1) Begränsad likviditet och en liten marknad (2) Bristande transparens och opålitlig prisinformation (3) Faktumet att många emittenter saknar kreditbetyg (4) En homogen grupp av investerare (5) Majoriteten av emittenterna utgörs av fastighetsbolag. De fem identifierade karaktärsdragen har definierats som de fem problemområdena i följande uppsats. Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie baserad på intervjuer med marknadsaktörer. Målet är att identifiera vilket av de fem problemområdena som bör prioriteras i arbetet mot en förbättrad företagsobligationsmarknad samt att fastslå vilka förbättringsåtgärder som anses vara mest effektiva. Resultaten visar att transparens är de problemområde som bör prioriteras men att den nya självregleringen som skall implementeras den första juli år 2021 med syftet att förbättra transparensen anses vara otillräcklig. För att förbättra transparensen föreslås en iterativ process med kontinuerlig utvärdering och anpassning av regleringar. Genom en iterativ process kan man även säkerställa att transparenskraven inte blir så pass strikta att de påverkar likviditeten negativt.