Cheating and Cheaters in Pfaffe Amis and Reinhart Fuchs An Alsatian poet named Heinrich, writing around 1180, composed a beast epic, based on French sources, about a trickster fox named Reinhart. Some sixty years later, a poet known to us only as Der Stricker composed a work of similar length and structure, about a trickster priest named Amis, and his diligent efforts to cheat various anonymous individuals out of their money. Other works by this poet bear out the Stricker's consistent emphasis on strategy over brute force, prudence and intelligence over unconsidered actions. These stories both illustrate that power, when not directed by intelligence, is useless or dangerous, even to the one who wields it. Tricksters and cheating also appear in a surprising range of works contemporary to the Stricker's Pfaffe Amis and Heinrich's Reinhart Fuchs. Romances have their own trickster characters, conducting their cheats using methods and structures that recall those of these two Schwank-type epics. Cheaters like Amis, and Tristan's Isolde generate twin situations. One of them is true/hidden, and can influence the characters, and one is false/apparent, to which the victim characters are forced to respond. This artificial, apparent reality persists even after the cheater has left the scene, occasionally taking on a truth of its own. Both Reinhart and Amis, whatever their motivations, work evil everywhere they go; and yet the audience is expected to treat them as sympathetic characters. Because the trickster universe functions to turn systems upside-down, it also rejects the concepts of good and evil, forming a universe in which all that matters is who wins and who loses. The place of the villain belongs now to the fool; any character who becomes deceived deserves to be, and is treated with indignation by the narrator, just as the traditional villain might be.

Cheating and Cheaters in Pfaffe Amis and Reinhart Fuchs An Alsatian poet named Heinrich, writing around 1180, composed a beast epic, based on French sources, about a trickster fox named Reinhart. Some sixty years later, a poet known to us only as Der Stricker composed a work of similar length and structure, about a trickster priest named Amis, and his diligent efforts to cheat various anonymous individuals out of their money. Other works by this poet bear out the Stricker's consistent emphasis on strategy over brute force, prudence and intelligence over unconsidered actions. These stories both illustrate that power, when not directed by intelligence, is useless or dangerous, even to the one who wields it. Tricksters and cheating also appear in a surprising range of works contemporary to the Stricker's Pfaffe Amis and Heinrich's Reinhart Fuchs. Romances have their own trickster characters, conducting their cheats using methods and structures that recall those of these two Schwank-type epics. Cheaters like Amis, and Tristan's Isolde generate twin situations. One of them is true/hidden, and can influence the characters, and one is false/apparent, to which the victim characters are forced to respond. This artificial, apparent reality persists even after the cheater has left the scene, occasionally taking on a truth of its own. Both Reinhart and Amis, whatever their motivations, work evil everywhere they go; and yet the audience is expected to treat them as sympathetic characters. Because the trickster universe functions to turn systems upside-down, it also rejects the concepts of good and evil, forming a universe in which all that matters is who wins and who loses. The place of the villain belongs now to the fool; any character who becomes deceived deserves to be, and is treated with indignation by the narrator, just as the traditional villain might be.

Diss. phil. Bern.

Inaug.-Diss.--Halle-Wittenberg. / Vita. Bibliography, p. [1]-2.

The purpose of this dissertation is to compare the attitudes of the anonymous authors of the four commentaries or glosses on the Reineke-Fuchs poem, the first of these, the only pre-Reformation gloss, being written in Middle Low German and printed in 1498 in Lübeck, the second, again in Middle Low German, in 1539 in Rostock, the third, in High German, in 1544 in Frankfurt, and the fourth in 1650 again in Rostock, and to investigate how far these commentators' treatment of the work reflects the cultural history of the period. The three main cultural influences ,on sixteenth-century writers were, in the literary field, that of moral-didactic literature - where so-called Speculum, "Spiegel" or "Mirror" works were common - and that of Humanism, and, in the area of religion, that of the Roman Church initially and later that of Luther. Taking into consideration the socio-historical background against which the individual glosses were written, the attempt is first made in Chapter 1., based on the authors' prefaces to their glosses, to establish their intention in writing these and the audience they were probably addressing. This is followed in Chapter 2. by a comparison of glosses from all four editions on the same chapters in the narrative text, showing how the 1498 commentator reveals his dependence on his Dutch source for many of his general remarks, and, with regard to religious interpretation, on contemporary works printed in Lübeck in the same decade; how the 1539 commentator, while embodying most of his predecessor's general commentary in his own, illustrates this with material from a range of different sources, mostly High German; how the 1544 commentator, for his part, eschews literary illustrations and appears to be drawing from his own personal experience in what he writes, and how the 1650 commentator, on the other hand, embroiders his gloss with both Biblical quotations and tales from folklore. The main part of the investigation, however, comprises a comparison of the chapter-glosses under subject-headings: in Chapter 3. that of Government, where their content is compared with that of contemporary Humanist works dealing with the instruction of princes and with princely courts -the so-called "Fürstenspiegel" and "Curials" - and also with Luther's teaching regarding temporal authority and the obedience due to this, and, too, of Law, where attention is drawn particularly to the reflection in the glosses of how the practice of Roman law was superseding that of customary law at that time; in Chapter 4. that of Church, where, based primarily on Luther's writings, an investigation is first made of the difference between the teaching of the Roman Church and that of Luther regarding Church practice - confession, the ban, indulgences, veneration of the saints and pilgrimages - and the status and conduct of the clergy - both of the religious orders and the secular clergy - and of how far both the differences established here and other concerns voiced in contemporary documents are reflected in the glosses; in Chapter 5. that of Society, where the attitude of the individual commentators to the social structure, to women and the family and to the economic conditions of the time are examined against the background of Humanist writing and that of Luther and the glosses considered as "Ständespiegel"; in Chapter 6, that of Literary Influences, where those of Humanism and of moral-didactic literature are given special study and the glosses assessed as "Sittenspiegel." Finally, in Chapter 7., a comparison is made between each commentator's attitude to the fox-figure and consideration given to how far this attitude reflects his outlook on life and his social status. / Arts, Faculty of / Central Eastern Northern European Studies, Department of / Graduate

Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-10-27T16:54:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Henrique Martins da Silva - 2016.pdf: 4083838 bytes, checksum: 7c2d331bcb26a21b76fb58978d0a620b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-10-27T16:55:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Henrique Martins da Silva - 2016.pdf: 4083838 bytes, checksum: 7c2d331bcb26a21b76fb58978d0a620b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-27T16:55:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Henrique Martins da Silva - 2016.pdf: 4083838 bytes, checksum: 7c2d331bcb26a21b76fb58978d0a620b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The object of this research investigation on theory of history is about the future dimension in time perspective of the German historian Reinhart Koselleck. It is to relate and understand through the semantics of historical times the relationship between past, present and future. That is, try to present the author and his work regarding the theories of temporal dimensions and the modern definition of historical time between the meta-categories experience space and Horizon expectancy. There is a conceptual reframing from modernity, as well as an awareness that marks a new way men relate and realize the time. From this, according to the author, we have a temporal multiplicity that emerges from the above categories. The problem with this research is that the future was thought of as taboo among most historians and Koselleck, the future takes on an important function in the form of expectation, design and prognosis. So we try to understand why this discussion about the future dimension. / O objeto de investigação desta pesquisa em teoria da história é a dimensão futuro na perspectiva de tempo do historiador alemão Reinhart Koselleck. Trata-se de relacionar e compreender por meio da semântica dos tempos históricos a relação entre passado, presente e futuro. Isto é, procuramos apresentar o autor e sua obra no que tange as teorias acerca das dimensões temporais e da moderna definição de tempo histórico compreendida entre as meta-categorias Espaço de experiência e Horizonte de expectativa. Há uma ressignificação conceitual a partir da modernidade, bem como uma tomada de consciência que marca uma nova forma dos homens se relacionarem e perceberem o tempo. Em face disso, segundo o autor, há uma multiplicidade temporal que emerge da tensão entre as categorias citadas. O problema desta pesquisa é que o futuro fora pensado como tabu entre a maioria dos historiadores e com Koselleck, o futuro assume uma função importante em forma de expectativa, projeto e prognose. Portanto, procuramos entender o porquê dessa discussão sobre a dimensão futuro.

[pt] A dissertação investiga diversas faces das relações entre a história dos conceitos de Reinhart Koselleck e a hermenêutica filosófica de Hans-Georg Gadamer. Ao propormos uma interpretação da obra de Koselleck a luz das questões da filosofia hermenêutica, pretendemos entender e problematizar uma forma de conhecimento histórico que se baseia no diálogo e no vínculo entre passado e presente, com vistas a abertura de novos horizontes e perspectivas de futuro. Tal propósito é bem realizado pelos estudos históricos de Koselleck, mediante seu laço teórico com a filosofia heideggeriana e inserção nas questões políticas e sociais de sua época, o que os torna um importante campo para discussão no âmbito de nossa disciplina. O vigoroso debate travado entre os autores a respeito dos fundamentos do conhecimento histórico revela não somente discordâncias, mas também amplo campo de convergências, às quais iremos abordar. Estas idéias suscitam grande interesse num momento em que a ciência histórica cada vez mais parece definir seus objetivos como a investigação da alteridade histórica. A relação entre história e filosofia pode nos revelar perspectivas interessantes para a disciplina que nas últimas décadas, tem sofrido um grande impacto de correntes da antropologia. / [en] Dissertation looks into the various aspects of relations between Reinhart Koselleck s history of concepts and Hans-Georg Gadamer s philosophical hermeneutics. By proposing to interpret Koselleck s work in the light of inquiries made by hermeneutics philosophy, we intend to comprehend and bring into question one form of historical knowledge that is based upon the dialogue and the link between past and present, with a view to opening up new horizons and prospects of future. Such purpose is well served by Koselleck s historical studies, be it through their theoretical ties with the Heideggerian philosophy or their insertion into the political and social questions of his days, whereas they also make up a major discussion topic within our discipline. These authors strong argument on the fundamentals of historical knowledge shows not only dissent, but a wide field of consent as well, which will both be approached here. Authors ideas are of much interest just when historical science increasingly seems to state its purpose as an inquiry into historical otherness. The relation between history and philosophy may disclose interesting prospects for the discipline, which has greatly experienced the impact of anthropological trends in the latest decades.

Esta dissertação versa sobre a importância e a transformação do conceito de equidade no direito ocidental ao longo da história e seus reflexos no direito civil e processual civil brasileiro contemporâneo, a partir da metodologia desenvolvida por Reinhart Koselleck em sua história dos conceitos. Em síntese, a história dos conceitos Begriffsgeschichte propõe investigar a semântica dos conceitos fundamentais a uma determinada experiência histórico-temporal e, nesta medida, dedica-se ao conceito e à terminologia plasmados na experiência que se estuda e aos termos e conceitos a ela correlatos, que revelam algum grau de conteúdo significativo Bedeutungsgehalt em termos político-sociais. A equidade se apresenta como objeto complexo de estudo, o que se confirma por sua polissemia e perpetuidade no curso dos séculos, e sua correlação com o ideal de justiça é uma constante. Destarte, em atenção aos limites físicos e temporais desta dissertação, os esforços foram concentrados no estudo de seis casos principais sobre equidade, que possibilitam identificar suas raízes a partir dos conceitos de para Aristóteles e aequitas para os juristas romanos e alcançar seu significado ou significados no direito civil e processual civil brasileiro hodierno. / This dissertation discusses the importance and the transformation of the concept of equity in law in the western world throughout history and its reflections in contemporary Brazilian civil law and civil procedural law, based on the methodology developed by Reinhart Koselleck in his conceptual history. In short, the conceptual history Begriffsgeschichte proposes to investigate the semantics of fundamental concepts to a particular historical and temporal experience and, therefore, it is dedicated to the concept and the terminology embodied in the experience studied and to the terms and concepts correlated to it, which reveal some degree of meaningful content Bedeutungsgehalt in political and social terms. The equity is presented as a complex object of study, which is confirmed by its polysemy and perpetuity over the centuries, and its correlation to the ideal of justice is a constant. Thus, considering the physical and temporal limitations of this dissertation, efforts were concentrated on the study of six major cases of equity, which enable the identification of its roots from the concepts of to Aristóteles and aequitas to Roman jurists and achieve their meaning or meanings in current Brazilian civil law and civil procedural law.

Esta dissertação versa sobre a importância e a transformação do conceito de equidade no direito ocidental ao longo da história e seus reflexos no direito civil e processual civil brasileiro contemporâneo, a partir da metodologia desenvolvida por Reinhart Koselleck em sua história dos conceitos. Em síntese, a história dos conceitos Begriffsgeschichte propõe investigar a semântica dos conceitos fundamentais a uma determinada experiência histórico-temporal e, nesta medida, dedica-se ao conceito e à terminologia plasmados na experiência que se estuda e aos termos e conceitos a ela correlatos, que revelam algum grau de conteúdo significativo Bedeutungsgehalt em termos político-sociais. A equidade se apresenta como objeto complexo de estudo, o que se confirma por sua polissemia e perpetuidade no curso dos séculos, e sua correlação com o ideal de justiça é uma constante. Destarte, em atenção aos limites físicos e temporais desta dissertação, os esforços foram concentrados no estudo de seis casos principais sobre equidade, que possibilitam identificar suas raízes a partir dos conceitos de para Aristóteles e aequitas para os juristas romanos e alcançar seu significado ou significados no direito civil e processual civil brasileiro hodierno. / This dissertation discusses the importance and the transformation of the concept of equity in law in the western world throughout history and its reflections in contemporary Brazilian civil law and civil procedural law, based on the methodology developed by Reinhart Koselleck in his conceptual history. In short, the conceptual history Begriffsgeschichte proposes to investigate the semantics of fundamental concepts to a particular historical and temporal experience and, therefore, it is dedicated to the concept and the terminology embodied in the experience studied and to the terms and concepts correlated to it, which reveal some degree of meaningful content Bedeutungsgehalt in political and social terms. The equity is presented as a complex object of study, which is confirmed by its polysemy and perpetuity over the centuries, and its correlation to the ideal of justice is a constant. Thus, considering the physical and temporal limitations of this dissertation, efforts were concentrated on the study of six major cases of equity, which enable the identification of its roots from the concepts of to Aristóteles and aequitas to Roman jurists and achieve their meaning or meanings in current Brazilian civil law and civil procedural law.

Denna studie tar avstamp i begreppet kris, då dess komplexitet och mångtydighet gör det intressant att studera utifrån en begreppshistorisk ansats. För begreppets fortlevnad har det historiskt sett utvidgats till att inrymma flera bakomliggande meningar som passar den aktuella verkligheten. Syftet med studien är således att urskilja hur begreppet kris förändrats utifrån Natos konceptdokument under årtalen 1968, 1991, 1999 samt 2010 med hjälp av begreppshistorisk teori och metod. Reinhart Koselleck är en av begreppshistoriens urfäder vilket gör att hans teoretiska ramverk samt metod fungerar som verktyg vid illustrerandet av den begreppsliga förändringsprocessen. Dessutom tillmötesgår den begreppshistoriska metoden det spontana intresset för språk och ordbetydelser, varför den bedöms vara som given för denna uppsats. Materialet som ligger till grund för denna begreppshistoriska analys består av fyra strategiska konceptdokument från Nato. Att studien genomförs utifrån ett Nato- perspektiv beror på att ett av alliansens huvudsyften är att hantera kriser av varierande grad. Dessutom fokuserar Natos konceptdokument på aktuella hot och utmaningar i vilka den begreppsliga förändringsprocessen kan skönjas. De slutsatser som presenteras är att begreppet kris förändrats i och med alla de nya hot och risker vilka återfinns som konsekvenser av bland annat globaliseringen och den teknologiska utvecklingen. Den begreppsliga förändringen tar sig uttryck i att det utvidgats till att innehålla fler bakomliggande meningar, såsom exempelvis cyberattack och klimatförändringar.