[pt] A dissertação investiga diversas faces das relações entre a história dos conceitos de Reinhart Koselleck e a hermenêutica filosófica de Hans-Georg Gadamer. Ao propormos uma interpretação da obra de Koselleck a luz das questões da filosofia hermenêutica, pretendemos entender e problematizar uma forma de conhecimento histórico que se baseia no diálogo e no vínculo entre passado e presente, com vistas a abertura de novos horizontes e perspectivas de futuro. Tal propósito é bem realizado pelos estudos históricos de Koselleck, mediante seu laço teórico com a filosofia heideggeriana e inserção nas questões políticas e sociais de sua época, o que os torna um importante campo para discussão no âmbito de nossa disciplina. O vigoroso debate travado entre os autores a respeito dos fundamentos do conhecimento histórico revela não somente discordâncias, mas também amplo campo de convergências, às quais iremos abordar. Estas idéias suscitam grande interesse num momento em que a ciência histórica cada vez mais parece definir seus objetivos como a investigação da alteridade histórica. A relação entre história e filosofia pode nos revelar perspectivas interessantes para a disciplina que nas últimas décadas, tem sofrido um grande impacto de correntes da antropologia. / [en] Dissertation looks into the various aspects of relations between Reinhart Koselleck s history of concepts and Hans-Georg Gadamer s philosophical hermeneutics. By proposing to interpret Koselleck s work in the light of inquiries made by hermeneutics philosophy, we intend to comprehend and bring into question one form of historical knowledge that is based upon the dialogue and the link between past and present, with a view to opening up new horizons and prospects of future. Such purpose is well served by Koselleck s historical studies, be it through their theoretical ties with the Heideggerian philosophy or their insertion into the political and social questions of his days, whereas they also make up a major discussion topic within our discipline. These authors strong argument on the fundamentals of historical knowledge shows not only dissent, but a wide field of consent as well, which will both be approached here. Authors ideas are of much interest just when historical science increasingly seems to state its purpose as an inquiry into historical otherness. The relation between history and philosophy may disclose interesting prospects for the discipline, which has greatly experienced the impact of anthropological trends in the latest decades.

Esta dissertação versa sobre a importância e a transformação do conceito de equidade no direito ocidental ao longo da história e seus reflexos no direito civil e processual civil brasileiro contemporâneo, a partir da metodologia desenvolvida por Reinhart Koselleck em sua história dos conceitos. Em síntese, a história dos conceitos Begriffsgeschichte propõe investigar a semântica dos conceitos fundamentais a uma determinada experiência histórico-temporal e, nesta medida, dedica-se ao conceito e à terminologia plasmados na experiência que se estuda e aos termos e conceitos a ela correlatos, que revelam algum grau de conteúdo significativo Bedeutungsgehalt em termos político-sociais. A equidade se apresenta como objeto complexo de estudo, o que se confirma por sua polissemia e perpetuidade no curso dos séculos, e sua correlação com o ideal de justiça é uma constante. Destarte, em atenção aos limites físicos e temporais desta dissertação, os esforços foram concentrados no estudo de seis casos principais sobre equidade, que possibilitam identificar suas raízes a partir dos conceitos de para Aristóteles e aequitas para os juristas romanos e alcançar seu significado ou significados no direito civil e processual civil brasileiro hodierno. / This dissertation discusses the importance and the transformation of the concept of equity in law in the western world throughout history and its reflections in contemporary Brazilian civil law and civil procedural law, based on the methodology developed by Reinhart Koselleck in his conceptual history. In short, the conceptual history Begriffsgeschichte proposes to investigate the semantics of fundamental concepts to a particular historical and temporal experience and, therefore, it is dedicated to the concept and the terminology embodied in the experience studied and to the terms and concepts correlated to it, which reveal some degree of meaningful content Bedeutungsgehalt in political and social terms. The equity is presented as a complex object of study, which is confirmed by its polysemy and perpetuity over the centuries, and its correlation to the ideal of justice is a constant. Thus, considering the physical and temporal limitations of this dissertation, efforts were concentrated on the study of six major cases of equity, which enable the identification of its roots from the concepts of to Aristóteles and aequitas to Roman jurists and achieve their meaning or meanings in current Brazilian civil law and civil procedural law.

Esta dissertação versa sobre a importância e a transformação do conceito de equidade no direito ocidental ao longo da história e seus reflexos no direito civil e processual civil brasileiro contemporâneo, a partir da metodologia desenvolvida por Reinhart Koselleck em sua história dos conceitos. Em síntese, a história dos conceitos Begriffsgeschichte propõe investigar a semântica dos conceitos fundamentais a uma determinada experiência histórico-temporal e, nesta medida, dedica-se ao conceito e à terminologia plasmados na experiência que se estuda e aos termos e conceitos a ela correlatos, que revelam algum grau de conteúdo significativo Bedeutungsgehalt em termos político-sociais. A equidade se apresenta como objeto complexo de estudo, o que se confirma por sua polissemia e perpetuidade no curso dos séculos, e sua correlação com o ideal de justiça é uma constante. Destarte, em atenção aos limites físicos e temporais desta dissertação, os esforços foram concentrados no estudo de seis casos principais sobre equidade, que possibilitam identificar suas raízes a partir dos conceitos de para Aristóteles e aequitas para os juristas romanos e alcançar seu significado ou significados no direito civil e processual civil brasileiro hodierno. / This dissertation discusses the importance and the transformation of the concept of equity in law in the western world throughout history and its reflections in contemporary Brazilian civil law and civil procedural law, based on the methodology developed by Reinhart Koselleck in his conceptual history. In short, the conceptual history Begriffsgeschichte proposes to investigate the semantics of fundamental concepts to a particular historical and temporal experience and, therefore, it is dedicated to the concept and the terminology embodied in the experience studied and to the terms and concepts correlated to it, which reveal some degree of meaningful content Bedeutungsgehalt in political and social terms. The equity is presented as a complex object of study, which is confirmed by its polysemy and perpetuity over the centuries, and its correlation to the ideal of justice is a constant. Thus, considering the physical and temporal limitations of this dissertation, efforts were concentrated on the study of six major cases of equity, which enable the identification of its roots from the concepts of to Aristóteles and aequitas to Roman jurists and achieve their meaning or meanings in current Brazilian civil law and civil procedural law.

Denna studie tar avstamp i begreppet kris, då dess komplexitet och mångtydighet gör det intressant att studera utifrån en begreppshistorisk ansats. För begreppets fortlevnad har det historiskt sett utvidgats till att inrymma flera bakomliggande meningar som passar den aktuella verkligheten. Syftet med studien är således att urskilja hur begreppet kris förändrats utifrån Natos konceptdokument under årtalen 1968, 1991, 1999 samt 2010 med hjälp av begreppshistorisk teori och metod. Reinhart Koselleck är en av begreppshistoriens urfäder vilket gör att hans teoretiska ramverk samt metod fungerar som verktyg vid illustrerandet av den begreppsliga förändringsprocessen. Dessutom tillmötesgår den begreppshistoriska metoden det spontana intresset för språk och ordbetydelser, varför den bedöms vara som given för denna uppsats. Materialet som ligger till grund för denna begreppshistoriska analys består av fyra strategiska konceptdokument från Nato. Att studien genomförs utifrån ett Nato- perspektiv beror på att ett av alliansens huvudsyften är att hantera kriser av varierande grad. Dessutom fokuserar Natos konceptdokument på aktuella hot och utmaningar i vilka den begreppsliga förändringsprocessen kan skönjas. De slutsatser som presenteras är att begreppet kris förändrats i och med alla de nya hot och risker vilka återfinns som konsekvenser av bland annat globaliseringen och den teknologiska utvecklingen. Den begreppsliga förändringen tar sig uttryck i att det utvidgats till att innehålla fler bakomliggande meningar, såsom exempelvis cyberattack och klimatförändringar.

The aim of this thesis is to examine and analyse if it is possible to distinguish a new perception of time and temporality in the Swedish fashion magazine Magasin för konst, nyheter och moder, and in that case how it is expressed. To discover this, I have used the theories of the philosophers and historians Reinhart Koselleck and Marshall Berman. In their works they have pointed out and described how the early decades of the nineteenth century was a crucial time for our perception of the modern world, in the sense that we ever since then have experienced a gap between the past and the future where we cannot derive our expectations from our past experiences anymore. I have studied if this notion is communicated in the articles, and came to the conclusion that there is a new awareness of time articulated in the magazine. Mainly  there are three different understandings of time and temporality expressed within the magazine – first are those articles that shows a general new awareness of time in a constructive way, neither through a positive or negative perspective. Furthermore, there are also expressions for connections between the materialistic content in the magazine and the view on temporality, where the acknowledgment of a new temporality in fashion seems to also have an impact on a more ideological perception of time. Finally there are articles which portrays the discrepancy between expectation and experience as something with a negative significance for the future, but similarly puts this in a way that illuminates that the future is now something adaptable and possible to influence in a certain direction. This shows a new way of understanding how, in a Swedish nineteenth century context, material culture could affect people’s awareness of time and temporality and hence also their thoughts and outlook of the future even in more abstract issues. The upcoming becomes possible to interpret as something materialistic, and therefore also something more concrete and arguable.

Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-10-27T16:54:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Henrique Martins da Silva - 2016.pdf: 4083838 bytes, checksum: 7c2d331bcb26a21b76fb58978d0a620b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-10-27T16:55:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Henrique Martins da Silva - 2016.pdf: 4083838 bytes, checksum: 7c2d331bcb26a21b76fb58978d0a620b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-27T16:55:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Henrique Martins da Silva - 2016.pdf: 4083838 bytes, checksum: 7c2d331bcb26a21b76fb58978d0a620b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The object of this research investigation on theory of history is about the future dimension in time perspective of the German historian Reinhart Koselleck. It is to relate and understand through the semantics of historical times the relationship between past, present and future. That is, try to present the author and his work regarding the theories of temporal dimensions and the modern definition of historical time between the meta-categories experience space and Horizon expectancy. There is a conceptual reframing from modernity, as well as an awareness that marks a new way men relate and realize the time. From this, according to the author, we have a temporal multiplicity that emerges from the above categories. The problem with this research is that the future was thought of as taboo among most historians and Koselleck, the future takes on an important function in the form of expectation, design and prognosis. So we try to understand why this discussion about the future dimension. / O objeto de investigação desta pesquisa em teoria da história é a dimensão futuro na perspectiva de tempo do historiador alemão Reinhart Koselleck. Trata-se de relacionar e compreender por meio da semântica dos tempos históricos a relação entre passado, presente e futuro. Isto é, procuramos apresentar o autor e sua obra no que tange as teorias acerca das dimensões temporais e da moderna definição de tempo histórico compreendida entre as meta-categorias Espaço de experiência e Horizonte de expectativa. Há uma ressignificação conceitual a partir da modernidade, bem como uma tomada de consciência que marca uma nova forma dos homens se relacionarem e perceberem o tempo. Em face disso, segundo o autor, há uma multiplicidade temporal que emerge da tensão entre as categorias citadas. O problema desta pesquisa é que o futuro fora pensado como tabu entre a maioria dos historiadores e com Koselleck, o futuro assume uma função importante em forma de expectativa, projeto e prognose. Portanto, procuramos entender o porquê dessa discussão sobre a dimensão futuro.

Die sogenannte „Gründerkrise“ ereignete sich in einer Zeit, in der die liberalen Parteien im Deutschen Kaiserreich die Parlamente und das liberale Denken gerade in Wirtschaftsfragen die öffentliche Meinung beherrschten. Mit einer Abfolge von Börsenpaniken im Jahr 1873 und dem bald darauf einsetzenden Wirtschaftsabschwung begann sich dieses liberale Zeitalter dann zu wenden: das Sozialistengesetz wurde verabschiedet, eine protektionistische Koalition gebildet und der moderne Antisemitismus kam auf. Die Geschichte, die in der bundesrepublikanischen Historiographie bislang von dieser Krise erzählt wurde, handelte stets von einem Niedergang des Liberalismus. Darin wird er letztlich auf eine Reihe zeitloser und in bestimmten Parteien beheimateter Ideale, etwa den nicht-interventionistischen Freihandel, den Rechtstaatsgedanken und die Toleranz, reduziert, anhand derer sein Niedergang in der Gründerkrise bemessen und ihre Konsequenzen – als Abkehr von diesen Idealen– zu einer antiliberalen Wende erklärt werden können. Diese Dissertation arbeitet dagegen im Anschluss an Michel Foucault und Reinhart Koselleck ein umfassendes, nicht-idealistisches Verständnis vom Liberalismus aus und macht es zur analytischen Grundlage einer neuen Geschichtsschreibung der Gründerkrise. Ausgehend vom Umgang der (klassischen) Nationalökonomie mit Wirtschaftskrisen, zeigt sie, dass die zeitgenössische Debatte um diese Krise von allen Seiten in einem vom nationalökonomischen Wissen strukturieren, d.h. liberalen Denksystem geführt wurde, das ihre Konsequenzen bereits als Möglichkeiten enthielt – und wie diese Debatte als strategisches Wechselspiel zwischen liberalen Regierungskünsten und Kritikformen zu diesen Konsequenzen führte. Mit Blick auf unsere Gegenwart erzählt diese Diskursgeschichte der Gründerkrise von der Entstehung einer ökonomischen Kultur der deutschen Nation – und zugleich davon, wie Krisendebatten in einem ausgehenden liberalen Zeitalter funktionieren und wozu sie führen können. / The so-called "Gründerkrise" (promoters’ crisis) occurred at a time when liberal parties dominated the parliaments in the German Empire and liberal thought dominated public opinion, particularly in economic matters. However, this liberal era began to turn with a series of stock market panics in 1873 and the economic downturn that soon followed: the Socialist Law was passed, a protectionist coalition was formed and modern anti-Semitism emerged. Up to now, the story German historiography told of this crisis has always been about – in one way or the other – the end of a liberal era and a decline of liberalism. Ultimately, this narrative tends to reduce liberalism to a series of transcendental ideals based in certain parties, such as non-interventionist free trade, the idea of the rule of law and tolerance, which allow measuring liberalism’s decline during the Gründerkrise and labelling its consequences – as a turn away from these ideals – an anti-liberal turn. In contrast, following Michel Foucault and Reinhart Koselleck, this dissertation develops a comprehensive, non-idealistic understanding of liberalism and makes it the analytical basis for a new historiography of the Gründerkrise. Starting from the way (classical) political economy dealt with economic crises, it shows that all sides of the contemporary debate about the Gründerkrise argued within a shared system of thought structured by the knowledge of political economy, i.e. a liberal system of thought that already contained its consequences as possibilities. – and how the public debate as a strategic interplay between liberal arts of government and forms of criticism led to these consequences. Against the backdrop of our own present, this discourse history of the Gründerkrise tells a story about the emergence of the economic culture of the German nation – and at the same time, it shows how crisis debates can function in a fading liberal age and what they can lead to.

Perversion är ett negativt laddat begrepp som används för att beskriva personer eller företeelser som avviker från normen, oftast den sexuella. Jag undersöker vad, vem och vilka som kallas perversa i tidningen Expressen år 1966, 1986 och 2016, med syftet att synliggöra hur begreppets användningsområde har förändrats. Min metod har sina rötter i den begreppshistoriska teorin och är utvecklad av Reinhart Koselleck. Genom synkrona och diakrona analyser granskar man politisk-sociala begrepp och sammanhangen de brukas inom. Resultatet visar att bruket av begreppet som ett icke-sexuellt, värdeladdat ord har varit konstant. Det har också åsyftat ett varierande antal sexuella läggningar och uttryck, varav några finns närvarande under alla årtal. Min slutsats blir att det perversa inte nödvändigtvis förblir perverst: ibland brukas begreppet impulsivt, som en reaktion mot det vi inte är vana vid. Begreppets associationer med det förbjudna och tabubelagda förblir dock beständiga.

Esaias Tegnér (1782-1846) var en stor kulturpersonlighet i 1800-talets Sverige. I dikten ”Det Eviga” proklameras det att våldet inte förmår skapa något evigt, utan det som våldet skapar blir ”vanskligt och kort”. Den följande undersökningen tar avstamp ur detta, och vill sätta våldet hos Tegnér under närmare betraktelse. Detta gör den via att utgå från Helge Jordheims ”nya filologi”, som sätter språkets relation till historien i fokus, med specifik inriktning på Reinhart Kosellecks begreppshistoria – en teoretiker som Jordheim presenterar. Med denna teoretiska bakgrund antar undersökningen följande frågeställningar: Vad är det som Tegnér avser med våld? Hur behandlar han begreppet? Vad har begreppet för dimensioner – är det en nyanserad eller en platt förståelse? Sker det någon form av utveckling av begreppet med tiden? I sådana fall hur och vad är det som förändras? Undersökningen sätter två perioder av Tegnérs diktproduktion i huvudfokus: den tidiga diktningen 1799–1807, och den mogna periodens diktning 1808–1825. Ur detta kan uppsatsen visa på ett återkommande våldsbegrepp, som knyter an till Tegnérs idealistiska åskådning. I den första perioden är våldet är tillfälligt, negativt och känsloladdat, samtidigt som det finns en vilja att sätta begreppet under reflektion. När Tegnér mognar som diktare utvecklas begreppet. Den reflekterande hållningen byts ut mot en proklamerande. Våldet blir meningslöst, ondskefullt, krigiskt och ensamt.

During the 1920s and 1930s, the Swedish right-wing party Allmänna valmansförbundet (AVF) made citizen into a key concept within their political vocabulary and practice. This thesis examines the distribution, meaning and function of the concept of citizen within the AVF between 1915 and 1936. By using theoretical and methodological perspectives from both the English (Skinner) and German (Koselleck) side of conceptual history vis-à-vis Begriffsgeschischte, this study illuminates how a discursive framework took place within the AVF and expanded throughout the organisation. The constitutional reforms 1918/1921 and the organisational strength from opposite parties, stressed the importance for the AVF to assemble the citizens around conservative value laden concepts: responsibility, ansvar, and public participation, offentlighet. This new situation in political and social life, pushed the AVF towards a reorganisation. The aim was to educate the masses, women and youth into conservative citizens. Citizen became the sole tool in (i) upholding the traditional heritage between folk–state, and (ii) enabling the AVF citizen discourse to spread throughout the society. This study shows the multiple meaning and functions of the citizen concept within the AVF.  It provides a new understanding of how collective concepts became an important part of the struggle for power during the democratization process in Swedish political history and must in that respect be seen as an antithesis to the collective concepts of the Social Democratic Party during this period.