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Foucault's Rhetorical Standpoint: Discourse, History and Truth-tellingSafabakhsh, Ebraheem 01 May 2022 (has links)
In this dissertation, I defend an interpretation of Foucault’s parrhesiast (those who speak truth to power frankly) that blends it with his various methodological turns by casting the relationship as rhetorical. For that proposal, I attempt to introduce five major strategies defending the necessity of adopting a certain rhetorical standpoint, without which we cannot fully justify philosophy’s underpinnings. The opening of that rhetorical standpoint (in a special sense to be elaborated mostly in the first chapter) helps me to interpret some of the major tenets of Foucault’s philosophy, like his peculiar theory of discourse, his panoply in mapping a very specific history of knowledge (savoir), and finally the way Foucault envisages the role of the individuals in their historical predicament.
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TRANSCRIAÇÃO NARRATIVA DO ROMANCE O TRONCO, DE BERNARDO ÉLIS, E SUAS VARIAÇÕES DISCURSIVASBarroso, Marinalva Nunes 07 March 2018 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2018-03-07 / This research aims to address the discursive variety that integrates the novel O
Tronco, by Bernardo Élis, in its historical, regional and sociological dimensions,
presenting the primordial elements of its translation, through a creative and
transcritical process. It is intended to investigate the relations of power and the
existential human condition, subjects intensely explored by the writer and the
filmmaker, from the cultural / ideological representation of the sertanejo and the
surrounding environment - a reflection of the collective imaginary built and still under
construction; to understand communicative properties present in the literary work and
in its translation / transcription to the language of cinema. For this are highlighted
three cultural dimensions in which are inscribed the characters. It was concluded that
his aesthetics relates the real facts (the "external") to the fictional narrative (the
"internal"), but they are, in fact, the social and historical elements that allow to
demonstrate, with the mimicry of coronelismo, the deficiencies and cruelty of the
(universal) system of domination of man, this represented by the sertanejo and his
miserable condition. / Esta pesquisa tem por finalidade abordar a variedade discursiva que integra o
romance O Tronco, de Bernardo Élis, em suas dimensões histórica, regional e
sociológica, apresentando os elementos primordiais de sua tradução, via processo
criativo e transcriativo. Pretende-se investigar as relações de poder e a condição
existencial humana, matérias intensamente exploradas pelo escritor e pelo cineasta,
a partir da representação cultural/ideológica do sertanejo e do ambiente que o cerca
– um reflexo do imaginário coletivo construído e ainda em construção; compreender
propriedades comunicacionais presentes na obra literária e em sua
tradução/transcriação para a linguagem do cinema. Para isso são destacadas três
dimensões culturais em que se inscrevem os personagens. Chegou-se à conclusão
de que sua estética relaciona os fatos reais (o “externo”) à narrativa ficcional (o
“interno”), mas são, de fato, os elementos sociais e históricos que permitem
demonstrar, com a mimetização do coronelismo, as deficiências e a crueldade do
sistema (universal) de dominação do homem, este representado pelo sertanejo e por
sua condição miserável.
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Die Gründerkrise / Kritik und Regierungskunst des Liberalismus in den Anfängen des deutschen Nationalstaats (1873-1879)Simmerl, Georg 26 August 2024 (has links)
Die sogenannte „Gründerkrise“ ereignete sich in einer Zeit, in der die liberalen Parteien im Deutschen Kaiserreich die Parlamente und das liberale Denken gerade in Wirtschaftsfragen die öffentliche Meinung beherrschten. Mit einer Abfolge von Börsenpaniken im Jahr 1873 und dem bald darauf einsetzenden Wirtschaftsabschwung begann sich dieses liberale Zeitalter dann zu wenden: das Sozialistengesetz wurde verabschiedet, eine protektionistische Koalition gebildet und der moderne Antisemitismus kam auf. Die Geschichte, die in der bundesrepublikanischen Historiographie bislang von dieser Krise erzählt wurde, handelte stets von einem Niedergang des Liberalismus. Darin wird er letztlich auf eine Reihe zeitloser und in bestimmten Parteien beheimateter Ideale, etwa den nicht-interventionistischen Freihandel, den Rechtstaatsgedanken und die Toleranz, reduziert, anhand derer sein Niedergang in der Gründerkrise bemessen und ihre Konsequenzen – als Abkehr von diesen Idealen– zu einer antiliberalen Wende erklärt werden können. Diese Dissertation arbeitet dagegen im Anschluss an Michel Foucault und Reinhart Koselleck ein umfassendes, nicht-idealistisches Verständnis vom Liberalismus aus und macht es zur analytischen Grundlage einer neuen Geschichtsschreibung der Gründerkrise. Ausgehend vom Umgang der (klassischen) Nationalökonomie mit Wirtschaftskrisen, zeigt sie, dass die zeitgenössische Debatte um diese Krise von allen Seiten in einem vom nationalökonomischen Wissen strukturieren, d.h. liberalen Denksystem geführt wurde, das ihre Konsequenzen bereits als Möglichkeiten enthielt – und wie diese Debatte als strategisches Wechselspiel zwischen liberalen Regierungskünsten und Kritikformen zu diesen Konsequenzen führte. Mit Blick auf unsere Gegenwart erzählt diese Diskursgeschichte der Gründerkrise von der Entstehung einer ökonomischen Kultur der deutschen Nation – und zugleich davon, wie Krisendebatten in einem ausgehenden liberalen Zeitalter funktionieren und wozu sie führen können. / The so-called "Gründerkrise" (promoters’ crisis) occurred at a time when liberal parties dominated the parliaments in the German Empire and liberal thought dominated public opinion, particularly in economic matters. However, this liberal era began to turn with a series of stock market panics in 1873 and the economic downturn that soon followed: the Socialist Law was passed, a protectionist coalition was formed and modern anti-Semitism emerged. Up to now, the story German historiography told of this crisis has always been about – in one way or the other – the end of a liberal era and a decline of liberalism. Ultimately, this narrative tends to reduce liberalism to a series of transcendental ideals based in certain parties, such as non-interventionist free trade, the idea of the rule of law and tolerance, which allow measuring liberalism’s decline during the Gründerkrise and labelling its consequences – as a turn away from these ideals – an anti-liberal turn. In contrast, following Michel Foucault and Reinhart Koselleck, this dissertation develops a comprehensive, non-idealistic understanding of liberalism and makes it the analytical basis for a new historiography of the Gründerkrise. Starting from the way (classical) political economy dealt with economic crises, it shows that all sides of the contemporary debate about the Gründerkrise argued within a shared system of thought structured by the knowledge of political economy, i.e. a liberal system of thought that already contained its consequences as possibilities. – and how the public debate as a strategic interplay between liberal arts of government and forms of criticism led to these consequences. Against the backdrop of our own present, this discourse history of the Gründerkrise tells a story about the emergence of the economic culture of the German nation – and at the same time, it shows how crisis debates can function in a fading liberal age and what they can lead to.
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"Phantomgrenzen" in Zeiten des Umbruchs / die Autonomieidee in der Vojvodina der 1990er JahreTomić, Đorđe 25 March 2015 (has links)
Der Zerfall des sozialistischen Jugoslawien ließ aus seinen acht föderalen Einheiten sieben neue Staaten ent-stehen. Die einzige bislang unerforschte Ausnahme ist dabei die Autonome Provinz Vojvodina, die weiterhin ein Teil Serbiens bleibt, wenn auch mit einer erheblich eingeschränkten Autonomie. Insbesondere Fragen nach Qualität bzw. Quantität der Autonomie waren Gegenstand heftiger politischer Auseinandersetzungen in der Vojvodina seit Ende der 1980er Jahre. Die politischen Unterschiede zwischen den „Autonomisten“ in der Provinz, die sich auch in den 1990ern für eine breite Autonomie einsetzten, und der Belgrader Zentralregierung, deren Macht auf der Idee eines starken vereinten Serbiens beruhte, wurden von den ersteren zunehmend als historisch vorbestimmte kulturelle Differenzen ausgelegt, die hier als „Phantomgrenzen“ untersucht werden. In Form verschiedener symbolisch verknüpfter Aussagen über die historische Besonderheit der Bevölkerung, Wirtschaft und Kultur der Vojvodina wurden die politischen Forderungen nach mehr Autonomie wiederholt bekräftigt. Diese wiederum wurde auch als Schutz vor dem und Gegenmodell zum erstarkten serbischen Nationalismus der „Ära Milošević“ dargestellt. Im Laufe der inzwischen mehr als zwei Jahrzehnte fügten sich diese Deutungen zu einem neuen Autonomiediskurs zusammen. Wie dieser entstand, d.h. welche Akteure wie und zu welchen Zwecken die Phantomgrenzen der Vojvodina wieder auftauchen ließen, sowie welche Bedeutung die Autonomieidee in der Umbruchszeit der 1990er Jahre im Alltag der Menschen in der Vojvodina erlangte, sind zentrale Forschungsfragen der Fallstudie. Sie bietet damit nicht nur neue empirische Erkenntnisse zur Geschichte des jugoslawischen Staatszerfalls und der postsozialistischen Zeit in Südosteuropa, sondern ermöglicht mit dem verwendeten Modell der „Phantomgrenzen“ auch neue Einblicke in und allgemeine Aussagen über das Wiederauftauchen von Geschichte und historischen Grenzen in Osteuropa nach 1989. / The breakup of socialist Yugoslavia led to the creation of seven new states out of its eight federal units. The only exception, until now unexplored, is the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, which remains a part of Serbia, although with a substantially restricted autonomy. Notably questions about the quality and quantity of autonomy have been a subject of heavy political conflicts in Vojvodina since the end of the 1980s. Political differences between the „autonomists“ in the province, who also during the 1990s advocated a broad autonomy, and the central government in Belgrade, whose power was based on the idea of a strong unified Serbia, the former increasingly presented as historically predetermined cultural differences, which are explored here as “phantom borders”. The political claims for more autonomy were thus repeatedly reinforced in terms of various symbolically connected statements about the historical distinctiveness of the population, economy and culture of Vojvodina. The autonomy in turn was also represented as an instrument of protection against and alternative model to the growing Serbian nationalism during the “Milošević era”. In the course of meanwhile more than two decades these interpretations merged into a new autonomy discourse. How this emerged, i.e. which agents made how and for what purposes the phantom borders of Vojvodina reappear, as well as what relevance the idea of autonomy gained during the period of radical change in the 1990s in everyday life of the people in Vojvodina are the central research questions of the case study. It hereby offers not only new empirical findings about the history of the breakup of the Yugoslav state and the post-socialist period in Southeastern Europe, but due to the used model of “phantom borders” also permits new insights into and general conclusions about the reappearance of history and historical borders in Eastern Europe after 1989.
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