The purpose of the present study was to gain more knowledge about single individuals with specific premarital risk factors for later marital problems (e.g. neuroticism or low emotional readiness, family-of-origin dysfunction, poor communication skills, and hostile conflict resolution style). The sample (N=39) completed the RELATionship Evaluation (RELATE) and were selected for the study based on the presence of one or more risk factors. Participants were contacted via email and asked to complete an online version of the Relationship Follow-up Questionnaire (RFQ) to determine their knowledge or awareness of their risk factor(s) after taking RELATE, their motivation for premarital interventions after taking RELATE, their perceived roadblocks or barriers hindering participation in premarital interventions, and their post-RELATE marriage preparation behaviors including their post-RELATE relationship breakups. The results showed that the RELATE increased an at-risk individual's knowledge or awareness of risk factors, increased their motivation for premarital interventions, and had little to no effect on the break-up of relationships. At-risk individuals reported the major roadblocks or barriers to participation in premarital interventions as being time, money, being uninformed, and the perceived distance/inconvenience of interventions. At-risk individuals' post-RELATE behaviors included discussing the RELATE results with their partner and friends and utilizing books and articles related to marriage. They did not report utilizing individual or couples counseling. Practitioners can use this information to make premarital interventions more appealing to at-risk individuals and encourage the use of the RELATE to increase participation in premarital interventions and help prevent later marital problems.

Introdução: A avaliação dos riscos a saúde da população associados a exposição aos poluentes de origem veicular é, ainda, um importante desafio para pesquisadores e formuladores de políticas públicas de saúde e ambiente. Objetivos: Estudar a associação espacial das internações por doenças respiratórias e a poluição relacionada ao tráfego no município de São Paulo. Método: Dados de internações hospitalares por doenças respiratórias do sistema público e privado, no periodo de 2004-2006, foram georreferenciados por endereço do paciente. Foram selecionados os CIDs J20-J22 e J40-J47 para crianças menores de 5 anos e os diagnósticos J40-J47 para idosos com idade superior a 64 anos. A área urbana do município foi dividida em uma grade com células de 500mx500m e calculada a densidade de tráfego. Variáveis populacionais, socioeconômicas e o IDH foram convertidos da base de setor censitários para a grade, usando o ArcGIS ArcInfo 9.3. Análise de clusters foi realizada usando o modelo discreto de Poisson para o cálculo do risco esperado para cada grupo etário, com o uso do Software SaTScan v8.0. Para estudo da dependência espacial entre a taxa de internação por respiratórias em cada subgrupo e a densidade de tráfego total foram empregados o índice de Moran (I) e o Local Indicator for Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA), utilizando o software OpenGeoDa 1.2.0. A análise de regressão espacial entre a taxa de internação em cada grupo e a densidade de tráfego foi realizada utilizando o Pacote R R Core Team (2012). Resultados: Foi encontrada associação espacial significativa entre o risco de internação por doenças respiratórias em crianças menores de 5 anos e a densidade de tráfego no município de São Paulo. Para idosos, com idade superior a 64 anos, os resultados não foram significativos. As análises de cluster e de autocorrelação espacial mostraram padrões espaciais diferenciados para crianças e idosos. A análise de autocorrelação (I de Moran) evidenciou maior associação entre internações por doenças respiratórias e densidade veicular para crianças do que para idosos. Os resultados da análise de regressão espacial mostrou associação positiva entre a taxa de internações em crianças e a densidade de tráfego, quando controlado pelo IDH-M. No caso de idosos, o coeficiente de regressão foi negativo. Conclusão: A poluição relacionada ao tráfego configura-se como importante fator de risco à saúde de crianças na cidade de São Paulo e medidas de redução das exposições bem como de redução dos fatores de vulnerabilidade devem ser priorizadas / Introduction: The assessment of population health risks associated with exposure to vehicular pollutants source is, still, a major challenge for researchers and policymakers to health and environment. Objectives: Studying the spatial association of hospitalization for respiratory diseases and air pollution related to traffic in São Paulo. Methods: Data on hospital admissions for respiratory diseases from the public and private sectors, for the period 2004-2006, were geocoded by patient address. We selected CIDs J20-J22 and J40-J47 for children under 5 years and the diagnoses J40-J47 for elderly over the age of 64 years. The urban area was divided into a grid of cells with 500mx500m and calculated the density of traffic. Population variables, socioeconomic and HDI were converted base census sector to the grid, using ArcGIS ArcInfo 9.3. Cluster analysis was performed using the discrete Poisson model to calculate the expected risk for each age group, using the software SaTScan v8.0. To study the spatial dependence between the rate of hospitalization for respiratory in each subgroup and traffic density were employed full index Moran (I) and Local Indicator for Spatial autocorrelation (LISA) using the software OpenGeoDa 1.2.0. Spatial regression analysis between the rate of hospitalization for each group and the traffic density was performed using the package R \"R Core Team (2012). Results: We found significant spatial association between the risk of hospitalization for respiratory diseases in children under 5 years and the traffic density in the city of São Paulo. For elderly people, aged over 64 years, the results were not significant. The cluster analysis and spatial autocorrelation showed distinct spatial patterns for children and elderly. The analysis of autocorrelation (Moran\'s I) showed greater association between hospital admissions for respiratory and vehicular density for children than for older people. The results of the spatial regression analysis showed a positive association between the rate of hospital admissions in children and traffic density when controlled by HDI. In the case of the elderly, the regression coefficient was negative. Conclusion: The traffic- related air pollution configured as an important risk factor to the health of children in the city of São Paulo and measures to reduce exposures and reduction of vulnerability factors should be prioritized

First-generation college (FGC) students represent a small portion of the population of students on college campuses across the nation. Racial minority students are also highly underrepresented at four-year institutions. When one combines FGC students who are also racial minorities, they comprise an even smaller subgroup of students attending four-year college campuses. Research conducted to evaluate how FGC students perform their first year in college is prevalent. Additionally, research has been completed on factors that help predict a high school student's admission into and performance in college. However, very little research exists about factors identified in high school that may help strengthen a prospective FGC, racial minority, and high school student's admission into college. This study will utilize the RELATE questionnaire to evaluate individual characteristics or circumstances identified in prospective first-generation college racial minority students that may be potentially mediated for by high school counselors or college administrators to help strengthen college or university admission. Counselors or advisors could have an impact on improving the likelihood of college or university admission for this population by facilitating the process of coming to terms with family stressors and/or strengthening their flexibility or adaptability to new or different environments, learning, and people. Since the RELATE database does not include direct data regarding college admission, positive student educational characteristics such as sociability, calmness, organization, maturity, and happiness will be utilized to represent potential stronger preparation for admission into college. RELATE is a questionnaire designed for individuals in a committed relationship and provides important information regarding the individual, the partner, and the relationship. Research with the RELATE questionnaire data is generally utilized in family and social science domains. This study is unique since it accesses the individual instead of couple data for positive educational characteristics and research. This comparative study between prospective first-generation college White students and prospective first-generation college racial minority students is designed to assist educators in secondary and higher educational levels to better prepare prospective FGC students, particularly prospective FGC racial minority students, for college admission. Also, this study will distinguish between various characteristics that may assist college recruiters identify prospective FGC students who may be a strong fit for their institutions.

Aggression in the context of marriage and family is a common and serious issue in therapy with couples and families. While it is known that aggression may be transferred across generations, the exact mechanism for how it is transmitted is not fully understood. This study presents adult attachment style as a moderator through which the relationship between family of origin aggression and marital aggression is developed. The present study examined Relationship Evaluation (RELATE) questionnaire data for 332 individuals. Anxious and avoidant attachment were examined as potential moderators between family of origin (FOO) physical aggression or parental hostile conflict style and marital physical and sexual aggression perpetration and victimization. Results indicate that for men, anxious attachment may be a moderator for FOO physical aggression or hostile conflict and marital sexual aggression perpetration, and that avoidant attachment may be a moderator for FOO hostile conflict and marital sexual aggression perpetration. For men, neither attachment style is a significant moderator in models analyzing FOO physical aggression or hostile conflict and marital outcomes including physical aggression perpetration or victimization, sexual aggression victimization, or hostile conflict. For women, anxious attachment may be a moderator for FOO physical aggression and marital physical aggression perpetration. No other models investigating marital physical aggression perpetration as a dependent variable were significant. For women, neither attachment style is a significant moderator in models analyzing FOO physical aggression or hostile conflict and marital outcomes including physical aggression victimization, sexual aggression victimization, sexual aggression perpetration, or hostile conflict. Future research should investigate adult attachment as a moderator of intergenerational transmission of aggression using larger and more heterogeneous samples with more precise measures of aggression to analyze more specific groups of insecure adults in the context of their partner's attachment style. Limitations and clinical implications of these results for therapists working with couples are discussed.

Introdução: A avaliação dos riscos a saúde da população associados a exposição aos poluentes de origem veicular é, ainda, um importante desafio para pesquisadores e formuladores de políticas públicas de saúde e ambiente. Objetivos: Estudar a associação espacial das internações por doenças respiratórias e a poluição relacionada ao tráfego no município de São Paulo. Método: Dados de internações hospitalares por doenças respiratórias do sistema público e privado, no periodo de 2004-2006, foram georreferenciados por endereço do paciente. Foram selecionados os CIDs J20-J22 e J40-J47 para crianças menores de 5 anos e os diagnósticos J40-J47 para idosos com idade superior a 64 anos. A área urbana do município foi dividida em uma grade com células de 500mx500m e calculada a densidade de tráfego. Variáveis populacionais, socioeconômicas e o IDH foram convertidos da base de setor censitários para a grade, usando o ArcGIS ArcInfo 9.3. Análise de clusters foi realizada usando o modelo discreto de Poisson para o cálculo do risco esperado para cada grupo etário, com o uso do Software SaTScan v8.0. Para estudo da dependência espacial entre a taxa de internação por respiratórias em cada subgrupo e a densidade de tráfego total foram empregados o índice de Moran (I) e o Local Indicator for Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA), utilizando o software OpenGeoDa 1.2.0. A análise de regressão espacial entre a taxa de internação em cada grupo e a densidade de tráfego foi realizada utilizando o Pacote R R Core Team (2012). Resultados: Foi encontrada associação espacial significativa entre o risco de internação por doenças respiratórias em crianças menores de 5 anos e a densidade de tráfego no município de São Paulo. Para idosos, com idade superior a 64 anos, os resultados não foram significativos. As análises de cluster e de autocorrelação espacial mostraram padrões espaciais diferenciados para crianças e idosos. A análise de autocorrelação (I de Moran) evidenciou maior associação entre internações por doenças respiratórias e densidade veicular para crianças do que para idosos. Os resultados da análise de regressão espacial mostrou associação positiva entre a taxa de internações em crianças e a densidade de tráfego, quando controlado pelo IDH-M. No caso de idosos, o coeficiente de regressão foi negativo. Conclusão: A poluição relacionada ao tráfego configura-se como importante fator de risco à saúde de crianças na cidade de São Paulo e medidas de redução das exposições bem como de redução dos fatores de vulnerabilidade devem ser priorizadas / Introduction: The assessment of population health risks associated with exposure to vehicular pollutants source is, still, a major challenge for researchers and policymakers to health and environment. Objectives: Studying the spatial association of hospitalization for respiratory diseases and air pollution related to traffic in São Paulo. Methods: Data on hospital admissions for respiratory diseases from the public and private sectors, for the period 2004-2006, were geocoded by patient address. We selected CIDs J20-J22 and J40-J47 for children under 5 years and the diagnoses J40-J47 for elderly over the age of 64 years. The urban area was divided into a grid of cells with 500mx500m and calculated the density of traffic. Population variables, socioeconomic and HDI were converted base census sector to the grid, using ArcGIS ArcInfo 9.3. Cluster analysis was performed using the discrete Poisson model to calculate the expected risk for each age group, using the software SaTScan v8.0. To study the spatial dependence between the rate of hospitalization for respiratory in each subgroup and traffic density were employed full index Moran (I) and Local Indicator for Spatial autocorrelation (LISA) using the software OpenGeoDa 1.2.0. Spatial regression analysis between the rate of hospitalization for each group and the traffic density was performed using the package R \"R Core Team (2012). Results: We found significant spatial association between the risk of hospitalization for respiratory diseases in children under 5 years and the traffic density in the city of São Paulo. For elderly people, aged over 64 years, the results were not significant. The cluster analysis and spatial autocorrelation showed distinct spatial patterns for children and elderly. The analysis of autocorrelation (Moran\'s I) showed greater association between hospital admissions for respiratory and vehicular density for children than for older people. The results of the spatial regression analysis showed a positive association between the rate of hospital admissions in children and traffic density when controlled by HDI. In the case of the elderly, the regression coefficient was negative. Conclusion: The traffic- related air pollution configured as an important risk factor to the health of children in the city of São Paulo and measures to reduce exposures and reduction of vulnerability factors should be prioritized

In order to help students find connections to the Core Knowledge curriculum and the principles of Discipline-Based Art Education, the author uses narrative and visual storytelling in the form of altered books to make meaning and relate the lives of students to the art content. The author uses methods of action research to plan a curriculum intervention, work with the students to create their visual stories, reflect on his instruction along with student learning, and collect students' responses through surveys. The author also gathers data through the students' journals and artworks. Through the project the author is able to give students choices and help them turn their learning environment into art practice. Ultimately, the author improves and develops his teaching practice as a result of this project.

Dans l’objectif de rendre intelligible les caractéristiques des parcours scolaires des enfants d’origine maghrébine en France, nous avons mené une étude qualitative et microsociologique dans des milieux défavorisés de l’Île de France. Notre intérêt a porté sur l’appréhension et le démêlage des éléments et des facteurs qui rendent possible ces parcours. Pour ce faire, nous avons opté pour une méthode biographique qui nous a permis de montrer que le profil et le parcours scolaires des jeunes rencontrés résultent d’un processus globale interactif et constructif dont plusieurs éléments, phénomènes et évènements interdépendants s’interfèrent et s’influencent. Ainsi, nos investigations montrent la primordialité de la dimension singulière et individuelle de chaque expérience scolaire. En revanche, la formation et la transformation d’un parcours scolaire ne se limitent ni à cette singularité ni à des conditions générales de vie et de scolarité des enfants d’immigrés maghrébins, mais sont le résultat de l’interaction continue de l’ensemble de ces éléments. Par ailleurs, les configurations et les histoires familiales demeurent un composant substantiel de ces éléments. Enfin, nous avons décelé, chez une importante partie de nos enquêtés et leurs familles, une forte volonté de réussite scolaire, comme seul moyen de leur ascension social. / The purpose of this paper is to give an intelligible account about the schooling characteristics of children living in France and coming from North Africa. We carried out a qualitative and micro-sociological study in underprivileged area of Région Ile de France. We devoted our interest on the apprehension and the disantanglement of the elements and factors making these schoolings possible. In order to achieve this, we opted for a biographical method that permits us to prove that the qualifications and the schoolings of the young people we have met result from a global interactive and constructive process of which several elements, phenomena and interdependent events interfere and influence one another. Thus, our investigations show how essential each school experience is in its uniqueness and its individuality. On the other hand, the formation and transformation of a schooling go beyond this singularity, the general living conditions and schooling of the children born to North African immigrants, but are the result of the continious interaction of all these elements. In addition, the types of families and their histories remain a substantial component of these elements. Finally, we identified among those surveyed and their families a strong will to succeed at school, this being the only way to go up the social ladder.

Background - For the retail industry, the increasing adoption of e-commerce solutions have brought opportunities, but also challenges. As physical stores have to varied extent lost their importance, they can no longer solely compete on price or quality but can instead benefit from adopting an experiential marketing strategy. Experiential marketing acknowledges the consumer as rational and emotional, and focuses on how to engage the customer through value adding experiences. Swedish retailers face these challenges right now as an increasing share of all Swedish retail sales are made online. The body cosmetics industry makes up the second largest segment of Swedish e-commerce sales, but also holds some of the most prominent brands in offering store experiences, making it a competitive and interesting industry to explore from an experiential marketing perspective. Purpose - The purpose of this thesis is to explore how experiential marketing strategies impact customers’ perception of value within the body cosmetics retail industry in Sweden. The research fills a gap since no previous qualitative study has been made connecting experiential marketing with customer perception of value within this industry. Method - An exploratory study with and inductive research approach has been conducted to answer the research question. A multi-method qualitative research design, where the methodological triangulation builds on company and customer interviews, as well as observations to explore the topic and fill the research gap. The findings were analysed with an thematic analysis, in which the authors identified four themes. Findings and Conclusion - The findings result in four themes essential when using experiential marketing strategies to impact the customer’s perception of value; staff interaction, value co-creation, a unified strategy and a higher purpose. It is concluded that experiential marketing is a way in which companies positively can impact customer perception of value.

The effects of perceived mental/emotional problems (psychopathology) in the family-of-origin on adult offspring marital satisfaction was tested in a model considering the mediating variables of parental marital satisfaction, mother-child relationship quality, father-child relationship quality, and resolution of issues from the family-of-origin. The nationally representative sample (n = 802) drawn from the RELATionship Evaluation (RELATE) database included mostly college educated, lower-middle-class individuals in their first marriage. This sample was used to test a structural equation model that results showed fit the data well. Results showed that historical (distal) factors (such as psychopathology in the family-of-origin) explain only a small portion of the variance in adult offspring marital satisfaction and suggest that more contemporary (proximal) factors (such as individual characteristics) have a stronger relationship to adult offspring marital satisfaction. Results showed that 56% of the variance in achieving resolution of issues from the family-of-origin was explained by the other variables in the model with the best predictor being parental marital satisfaction. Direct, indirect, and total effects of each of the independent variables were examined. Results showed no direct effect of perceived mental/emotional problems (psychopathology) in the family-of-origin on adult offspring marital satisfaction. Only the mother-child relationship quality had a direct effect on adult offspring marital satisfaction. Clinical implications for practitioners are discussed. This study helps practitioners know how to help a client find resolution to issues stemming from perceived family-of-origin mental/emotional problems. This study also shows that focusing on current interpersonal processes and skills that may be part of achieving resolution is more likely to help a couple with marital problems than focusing on negative effects from the family-of-origin. Future research should focus on exploring the applicability of this model to different variables such as gender, race, income levels, etc. Future research models should also incorporate both historical and contemporary factors to help determine the direct effects of these variables on adult offspring relationship satisfaction.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Immunotherapy for cancer has held much promise as a potent modality of cancer treatment. The ability to selectively destroy diseased cells and leave healthy cells unharmed has been the goal of cancer immunotherapy for the past thirty years. However, the full capabilities of cancer immunotherapies have been elusive. Cancer immunotherapies have been consistently hampered by limited immune reactivity, a diminishing immune response over time, and a failure to overcome self-tolerance. Many of these deficiencies have been borne-out by immunotherapies that have focused on the adoptive transfer of activated or genetically modified mature CD8+ T cells. The limitations inherent in therapies involving terminally differentiated mature lymphocytes include limited duration, lack of involvement of other components of the immune system, and limited clinical efficacy. We sought to overcome these limitations by altering and enhancing long-term host immunity by genetically modifying then transplanting HSCs. To study these questions and test the efficiency of gene transfer, we cloned a tumor reactive HLA-DR4-restricted CD4+ TCR specific for the melanocyte differentiation antigen TRP-1, then constructed both a high expression lentiviral delivery system and a TCR Tg expressing the same TCR genes. We demonstrate with both mouse and human HSCs durable, high-efficiency TCR gene transfer, following long-term transplantation. We demonstrate the induction of spontaneous autoimmune vitiligo and a TCR-specific TH1 polarized memory effector CD4+ T cell population. Most importantly, we demonstrate the destruction of subcutaneous melanoma without the aid of vaccination, immune modulation, or cytokine administration. Overall, these results demonstrate the creation of a novel translational model of durable lentiviral gene transfer, the induction of spontaneous CD4+ T cell immunity, the breaking of self-tolerance, and the induction of anti-tumor immunity.