• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 2
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 4
  • 4
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo da estabilidade, caracterização e validade do Efavirenz: viabilização como padrão secundário / Stability study, characterization and validity of Efavirenz: viability as a secondary standard

Souza, Karina Rocha de January 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T12:25:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 12.pdf: 4572506 bytes, checksum: 7e5fdf7b0ca0370249e1dda4df35b8bb (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos/Farmanguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / A infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), comumente conhecida como AIDS, constitui-se em uma das mais sérias doenças infecciosas, sendo um grande desafio para a saúde pública. Apesar de não existir nenhum tratamento para erradicar a infecção, o uso de antirretrovirais é a melhor opção para a supressão viral. O efavirenz é um inibidor não nucleosídico da transcriptase reversa e o terceiro mais utilizado no tratamento antirretroviral, devido às suas propriedades farmacológicas e alta potência in vivo. De acordo com a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), padrões de referência oficiais devem ser usados sempre que existirem, e na sua ausência padrões de referência devidamente caracterizados (padrões secundários) deverão ser utilizados. Não existe uma forma segura de se determinar previamente a validade dos padrões de referência, por isso a avaliação da estabilidade dos padrões durante o período de sua utilização é fundamental para garantir a confiabilidade dos resultados. Sendo assim, é importante um estudo mais aprofundado frente às condições de armazenamento para posterior determinação do prazo de validade desses padrões. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a estabilidade de nove lotes das matérias-primas candidatas a padrão secundário avaliando três fabricantes diferentes frente a duas condições de armazenamento (dessecador e geladeira), através do monitoramento de seus teores de ativo e substâncias relacionadas ao longo de um ano. Para a caracterização da matéria-prima foram utilizadas técnicas termoanalíticas, espectroscópicas e difração de raios X de pó. As análises de teor e substâncias relacionadas foram realizadas utilizando HPLC. Com a caracterização confirmou-se que as amostras apresentavam o polimorfo mais estável (polimorfo I) na forma anidra. As análises cromatográficas apresentaram resultados dentro das especificações da matéria-prima, exceto duas amostras que apresentaram resultado de teor fora do especificado no último mês do estudo. Em relação ao teste de teor, catorze amostras devem ser repadronizadas antes de um ano, pois apresentaram uma variação máxima de DPR (desvio padrão relativo) de 0,5% para teores acima de 98%. No teste de substâncias relacionadas, todas as amostras apresentaram um total de impurezas de aproximadamente 0,1% ao longo do estudo de estabilidade, exceto três amostras cujo esse total foi de aproximadamente 0,3%. Em relação ao acondicionamento da matéria-prima candidata a padrão foram poucas as variações observadas nos testes de perda por secagem e titulação de Karl Fischer. Além disso, não houve grande diferença nos testes de teor e de substâncias relacionadas quando comparadas as duas condições de armazenamento. Portanto, a melhor condição de armazenamento do IFA de efavirenz é em dessecador (18 a 25ºC e UR < 75%) e o fabricante B é o melhor candidato a padrão secundário, pois foi o que apresentou menor teor de impurezas totais e individuais, e menores variações no teor e na perda por secagem. / Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) commonly known as AIDS, is one of the most serious infectious diseases in the world and a major challenge to public health. Although there is no treatment to eradicate the infection, the use of antiretrovirals is the best option for viral suppression.Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and the third most used in antiretroviral treatment due to its pharmacological properties and high potency in vivo. According to the Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), official reference standards must be used whenever they exist, and in the absence of these, reference standards properly characterized (secondary standards) should be used. There is no sure way to determine, previously, in advance the validity of reference standards. Thus, the evaluation of the stability of these reference standards during the period of use is critical to ensure the reliability of results. Therefore, it is important to conduct further studies exploring the storage conditions for later determination of validity of these standards.The study aims to evaluate the stability of nine batches of raw materials candidates for secondary standard evaluating three different manufacturers under two storage conditions (desiccant and refrigerator), by monitoring their assay and related substances over a year.For the characterization of the raw material thermoanalytical techniques, spectroscopic techniques and powder diffraction X-ray were used. The assayand related substances analysis were performed using HPLC.With the characterization analysis confirmed that the samples had the most stable polymorph (polymorph I) in the anhydrous form. The chromatographic analysis showed results within the specifications of the raw material, except two samples that presented results outside the specified in the assay at the last month of study. In this test, fourteen samples should undergo a new round of characterization before a year because has had a maximum variation of DPR (standard deviation) of 0.5% for contents above 98%. In related substances test, all samples exhibited results of total impurities of approximately 0.1% throughout the study of stability, except for three samples: the total amount was approximately 0.3%.Regarding the storage conditions of the standard few variations were observed in tests of loss on drying and Karl Fischer titration. Furthermore, there are no great difference in assay and related substances tests when compared to the two storage conditions.So, the best storage condition of efavirenz standard is in desiccant (18 to 25°C and RH <75%) and the manufacturer B is the best candidate for secondary standard because it showed the lowest results of total and individual impurities with minor variations in assay and loss on drying.
2

Desenvolvimento e validação de metodologia analítica para determinação do teor de lamivudina, zidovudina e suas substâncias relacionadas em associação por CLUE-DAD / Development and validation of analytical methodology for determination of lamivudine content, zidovudine and its related substances in association by CLUE -DAD

Oliveira, Leandro Vinicius Soares de January 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-23T12:15:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 10.pdf: 1850050 bytes, checksum: 804547cb3d127f0a68036007277f1488 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T22:38:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 10.pdf.txt: 197815 bytes, checksum: 58c7c3800c8f92b633ef651f0cc8dd67 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 10.pdf: 1850050 bytes, checksum: 804547cb3d127f0a68036007277f1488 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos/Farmanguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / A síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS), provocada pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), é uma das mais importantes doenças infecciosas atualmente no mundo. Embora ainda não haja uma forma cientificamente comprovada de eliminar totalmente o vírus do organismo humano, a qualidade devida dos portadores melhorou significativamente com a introdução da terapia antiretroviral altamente ativa (HAART). A associação de lamivudina e zidovudina em comprimidos foi a primeira a ser aprovada pelo FDA e ainda é a mais utilizada no início do tratamento em pacientes naive. Por se tratar de um medicamento de importância estratégica para o combate à doença, é importante que os custos agregados à sua produção sejam minimizados, a fim de repassar tal redução ao seu preço final. O presente trabalho apresenta uma metodologia analítica por cromatografia a líquido de ultra eficiência para o doseamento simultâneo de ambos os fármacos, assim como de suas substâncias relacionadas, de forma mais rápida e econômica que os outros métodos cromatográficos descritos pelos documentos oficiais que contemplam tal produto. Tal método mostrou-se mais conveniente para a rotina de controle de qualidade e para estudos de estabilidade em uma indústria farmacêutica. O método foi desenvolvido e validado com sucesso nos níveis de seletividade, linearidade, precisão, exatidão, limite de quantificação e robustez,conforme determina a resolução RE 899 de 2003 publicada pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária para testes de teor e substâncias relacionadas. / The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), currently is one of the most important infectious disease in the world. Although there is not yet a scientifically proven manner to completely eliminate the virus from the human body, the life quality of patients have significantly improved with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).The first association of drugs approved by the FDA was lamivudine and zidovudine and still is the most applied to begin the treatment of naïve patients. The costs associated with the production of this medicine must be minimized because it has a strategic importance to the treatment. This work presents a faster and cheaper analytical method by ultra performance liquid chromatography to assay and related substances than others described in the official papers. Therefore, it brings more convenience to be employed in quality control routine and stability analysis in a pharmaceutical industry. The method was developed and successfully validated in levels of selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of quantification and robustness, as determined by the RE 899/2003 resolution for testing of content and related substances.
3

Qualitative research of online drug misuse communities with reference to the novel psychoactive substances

Jebadurai, Jeshoor Kumar January 2013 (has links)
Objective: This research aimed at reviewing the information provided by the online drug misuse communities with reference to the available evidence-based literature on the novel psychoactive substances. Methodology: Among hundreds of novel psychoactive substances, four groups (phenethylamines, tryptamines, piperazines and miscellaneous) were selected for the study. Various website drug fora were identified by Google and Yahoo search engines using a set of specific key words. The methods consisted of extracting and analysing qualitative data from the identified website fora. This was also supplemented by critical reviewing the existing evidence-based literature search for each of the selected psychoactive compounds. Results: The combined search results identified 84 unique website fora from which qualitative data were extracted for thirty novel psychoactive substances and organised into technical folders. This data extracted from online communities has thrown some light on factors such as the mode of purchase, subjective experiences, reasons for use, combinations, legislation, mechanisms of action in the CNS, side effects, toxicity and its management. This would enable the clinicians to be obtain full history when assessing and would inform better treatment choices. Conclusions: A range of novel psychoactive substances have been made recently available across the globe. The sale is easily achieved through the Internet. New legislations are made to control some recreational substances whilst newer substances appear. Furthermore, the distributors sell the backlog of products even after controlling of the substance has occured and hence are liable to potentiating criminal investigations. It is here suggested as well that the 'genuinity' of each onlince susbtance is questionable. Evidence-based literature is scant for the vast majority of these substances. Accidental overdoses are common occurences and some of the potential life-threatening clinical situations include sympathomimetic toxidrome and serotonin syndrome. Benzodiazepines appear to help with agitation and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Better levels of international cooperation and rapid share of available information may be needed to tackle the emerging problem of the novel psychoactive substances.
4

Stanovení doprovodných látek v lékových formách na bázi cyklosporinu metodou HPLC s chemiluminiscenční detekcí specifickou pro dusík / Determination of related compounds in final dosage forms based on cyclosporine by HPLC with chemiluminescent detection specific for nitrogen.

Mrůzek, Zbyněk January 2015 (has links)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control Candidate: Zbyněk Mrůzek Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Jiří Klimeš. CSc Consultant thesis: Ing. Pavel Blatný. Ph.D. Title of thesis: Determination of related substances in the dosage forms based on cyclosporine by HPLC with nitrogen specific chemiluminescence detection. Development of an HPLC method with chemiluminescent detection specific for nitrogen for related substances determination in cyclosporine final dosage forms is described in this work. The method is capable to determine cyclosporine impurities originated from cyclosporine substance and relevant degradation products except isocyclosporines. The method utilizes the stationary phase Zorbax SB-C18, particle size 1.8 µm, 150x2.1 mm and gradient elution at flow rate 0.15 ml.min-1 at column temperature 100řC. Mobile phases are Acetone: TBME: water: TFA (30: 5.5: 64.5: 0.01) and Acetone: TBME: water: TFA (49: 5.5: 45.5: 0.01). The work includes the verification of method validability in terms of specificity, linearity, limit of quantittion, accuracy, precision and robustness. The method can be used for determination of cyclosporine impurities in final dosage forms in pharmacetical QC laboratories. Keywords: cyclosporine....

Page generated in 0.0756 seconds