Similarity analysis of documents is a well studied field. With a focus instead on the opposite concept, how can we try to define and distinguish the differences within documents? This project tries to determine if differences within documents can be detected as well as quantified based on their semantic qualities. We propose a method for quantifying differences by applying tf-idf based models with analysis methods for lemmatization and synonym extraction, together with utility ranking algorithms. The method is implemented and tested. The results show that the method has potential but that further studies are required in order to fully evaluate to what extent it could be of practical use. Such a method could though reap significant benefits within several different fields in which automatic difference detection could replace error prone manual labor in document management, as well as other beneficial purposes such as to provide automatically generated difference summaries. / Likhetsanalys mellan dokument är ett välutforskat område. Med fokus istället på motsatsen, hur kan vi försöka definiera och särskilja skillnaderna mellan dokument? Detta projekt försöker undersöka om skillnader mellan dokument kan detekteras samt kvantifieras baserat på deras semantiska kvalitéer. Vi föreslår en metod för kvantifiering av skillnader genom att applicera tf-idf baserade modeller tillsammans med analysmetoder för lemmatisering och synonymextrahering, i kombination med utilitetsrankningsalgoritmer. Metoden implementeras och testas. Resultaten visar att metoden har potential men att det krävs ytterligare studier för att fullt ut avgöra till vilken grad den skulle kunna vara praktiskt användbar. En sådan metod skulle dock kunna erbjuda stora fördelar för ett flertal olika discipliner, där automatisk skillnadsdetektering skulle kunna ersätta felbenägen manuellt arbete gällande dokumentationshantering, samt också fylla andra förmånliga syften som t.ex. att kunna erbjuda automatgenererade skillnadssammanfattningar.

Some controversy exists as to the most efficacious method of training to achieve enhanced levels of sport performance. Controversy concerning the efficacy of periodization and especially block periodization (BP) likely stems from the use of poorly or untrained subjects versus trained who may differ in their responses to a stimulus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of training status on performance outcomes resulting from 11 weeks of BP training. Fifteen males were recruited for this study and placed into strong (age = 24.3 ± 1.9 years., body mass (BM) = 87.7 ± 8.7 kg, squat: body mass = 1.96 ± 0.16), moderate (age = 25.3 ± 2.7 years., body mass = 100.2 ± 15.5 kg, squat: body mass = 1.46 ± 0.14), or weak (age = 23.2 ± 3.9 yrs., body mass = 83.5 ± 17.1 kg, squat: body mass = 1.17 ± 0.07) groups based on relative strength. Testing was completed at baseline, and after each block which consisted of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) squat, 0 kg static jump (SJ), 0 kg countermovement jump (CMJ), 20 kg SJ, and 20 kg CMJ. Absolute and relative strength were strongly correlated with rates of improvement for absolute strength, relative strength, 0 kg, and 20 kg vertical jumps. All subjects substantially improved back squat ( < 0.001), relative back squat ( < 0.001) with large-very large effect sizes between groups for percent change favoring the weak group over the moderate and strong group for all performance variables. All subjects showed statistically significant improvements in 0 kg SJ ( < 0.001), 0 kg CMJ ( < 0.001), 20 kg SJ ( = 0.002), and 20 kg CMJ ( < 0.001). Statistically significant between group differences were noted for both 20 kg SJ ( = 0.01) and 20 kg CMJ ( = 0.043) with the strong group statistically greater jump heights than the weak group. The results of this study indicate BP training is effective in improving strength and explosive ability. Additionally, training status may substantially alter the response to a resistance training program.

Quantitative measures of laryngeal muscle tension are needed to improve assessment and track clinical progress. Although relative fundamental frequency (RFF) shows promise as an acoustic estimate of laryngeal muscle tension, it is not yet transferable to the clinic. The purpose of this work was to refine algorithmic estimation of RFF, as well as to enhance the knowledge surrounding the physiological underpinnings of RFF. The first study used a large database of voice samples collected from 227 speakers with voice disorders and 256 typical speakers to evaluate the effects of fundamental frequency estimation techniques and voice sample characteristics on algorithmic RFF estimation. By refining fundamental frequency estimation using the Auditory Sawtooth Waveform Inspired Pitch Estimator—Prime (Auditory-SWIPE′) algorithm and accounting for sample characteristics via the acoustic measure, pitch strength, algorithmic errors related to the accuracy and precision of RFF were reduced by 88.4% and 17.3%, respectively. The second study sought to characterize the physiological factors influencing acoustic outputs of RFF estimation. A group of 53 speakers with voice disorders and 69 typical speakers each produced the utterance, /ifi/, while simultaneous recordings were collected using a microphone and flexible nasendoscope. Acoustic features calculated via the microphone signal were examined in reference to the physiological initiation and termination of vocal fold vibration. The features that corresponded with these transitions were then implemented into the RFF algorithm, leading to significant improvements in the precision of the RFF algorithm to reflect the underlying physiological mechanisms for voicing offsets (p < .001, V = .60) and onsets (p < .001, V = .54) when compared to manual RFF estimation. The third study further elucidated the physiological underpinnings of RFF by examining the contribution of vocal fold abduction to RFF during intervocalic voicing offsets. Vocal fold abductory patterns were compared to RFF values in a subset of speakers from the second study, comprising young adults, older adults, and older adults with Parkinson’s disease. Abductory patterns were not significantly different among the three groups; however, vocal fold abduction was observed to play a significant role in measures of RFF at voicing offset. By improving algorithmic estimation and elucidating aspects of the underlying physiology affecting RFF, this work adds to the utility of RFF for use in conjunction with current clinical techniques to assess laryngeal muscle tension. / 2021-09-29T00:00:00Z

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

In this thesis, I examine the conventional assumption of identifying investment-specific technology by the inverse of the relative price of investment. Linking prices to technology in this fashion implies that the relative price is orthogonal to any other form of economic disturbance. However, recent research has found that both neutral technology and the relative price of investment are cointegrated in the postwar US. In the chapters that follow, I explore the impact of this identification by either linking the relative price of investment to total factor productivity, or by allowing this relative price to vary depending on investment demand. In all three chapters, I find that loosening this restriction has a sizable effect on the outcome of my research as it compares to the current literature. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

No abstract provided. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Scope and contents: The principal aim of the present investigation is to extend our knowledge of the merits and demerits of the mass spectroscopic method of solid analysis. This dissertation provides information concerning relative ionization efficiencies for several elements and factors which effect these efficiencies. Secondary purposes of this work are 1) to make an independent determination of the temperature of the vacuum spark, 2) to resolve the current discrepancy concerning the value of the C3+/C2+ ratio from graphite electrodes in a spark and, finally, 3) to provide an accurate value for the Ni58/Ni60 abundance ratio.

The number of dynamics needed to model the motion between a Chief and Deputy satellites has grown greatly since the introduction of the Hill, Clohessy-Wilshire (HCW) equations of motion were introduced. The models have grown to include various things like perturbations, specifically drag, J2, and solar radiation pressure. Dynamics models have also been developed that use True Anomaly as the independent variable instead of time. A lot of work has been put forth to also include cases where the Chief is in an eccentric orbit. While these models have increased the fidelity of relative dynamics these models become very complicated to implement. That is why the HCW equations remain extremely popular after all these developments. However, their simplicity causes issues when there is In-Track separation between the Chief and Deputy satellites. The error in the dynamics increases as this separation increases which leads to a typical constraint that the separation between the Chief and Deputy needs to be much smaller than the radius of the Chief's orbit. That is where this works starts, by examining into ways to increase the accuracy in the HCW equations as the In-Track separation between the Chief and Deputy grows. In which, this will be done by using a curvilinear coordinate system. Furthermore, a technique of using a Virtual Chief satellite will by employed to allow for the HCW equations to be valid for cases where the Chief is in an eccentric orbit. / Master of Science / There are many different models that are used to model the relative motion between two satellites. These models vary from low to high fidelity in the different types of perturbation and ranges that they can model. These higher fidelity models because very complex to implement and while useful the low fidelity models are still popular, specifically the HCW equations. This thesis works on making the HCW equations valid for a larger range of cases.

Studien undersöker hur självupplevt absolut gehör (SAG) påverkar musikundervisningen i skolan. Fyra musikpedagoger med SAG har intervjuats och gett sin syn på fenomenet; hur de anser att deras SAG färgar/påverkar musikundervisningen och deras didaktik samt hur det påverkar deras eget musicerande. Semistrukturerade intervjuer har använts som metod. Resultatdelen visar att SAG är till stor nytta vid transkribering av musik, vid ensembleundervisning och i det personliga musicerandet. Informanterna menar att SAG gör dem mer fria och mindre pappersbundna när de musicerar med andra. SAG kan dock vara en belastning vid körledning/körsång (särskilt då körens tonhöjd stiger eller sjunker) och i situationer då transponerade instrument används. Informanterna anser inte att deras SAG har haft några negativa effekter på deras relativa gehör (RG).

This research examines how relative deprivation theory can be applied to study the success of protest movements and their subsequent impact on the process of democratization of the South Korean state. This study hopes to provide a more comprehensive approach to how the role of protests in the development of a democratic state is explained within the field of political science. Utilizing both a quantitative and qualitative research design, this work applied a case study analysis as well as a supplemental data analysis regarding the success of Korean protest movements and their impact on democratization as well as global views of democratization as previously mentioned. For the case study analysis, I focused on four protest movements in South Korea and applied relative deprivation theory in each case. Then, I defined five metrics for protest success based on my previous analysis and used these metrics to conduct a comparative analysis regarding the short and long term success of each protest movement. For the data analysis, I utilized Systemic Peace's Polity Project Series V dataset in order to quantify changes in the qualities of the regime over time, on a scale ranging from highly authoritarian to highly democratic regime qualities. Based on this mixed-mode analysis, I find that protest movements that were linked to progressive deprivation led to most successful shifts towards democratic regime qualities in the long-term. This project is significant to the field as it will address criticisms in previously discounted protest theory as well as explore the changing narrative of democratization in the modern world and dispel historical misconceptions of political culture in East Asia, focusing on Korea.