Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:44:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 690202 bytes, checksum: 4a9f3d909d0c6ce999b3675b584ea6ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this paper we studied the relationship between literature and the sacred, analyzing its interlocution in Poemas malditos, gozosos e devotos (1984) and Sobre a tua grande face (1986) by Hilda Hilst, trying to observe how the humanization of the divine process is in the mentioned works. We also analyze the approaching between the lyrical and the divine being, as well as the importance of eroticism for the construction of a religious metaphysical image. The contents of the corpus are composed by eight hilstian poems, four poems of each work, and one of the results suggests that the humanization of the divine is done mainly through the word and human attributes bestowed upon God. In Poemas malditos, gozosos e devotos (1984) the sacred appears in many ways, through apostrophes to God, for example, but mainly through the revelation of the divine being as a sacred entity, sovereign on humans. The theoretical approach is based on the studies developed by Mircea Eliade (2010), Suzi Frankl Sperber (2011) and Rudolf Otto (2007) concerning the Sacred; studies related to spirituality by José Carlos Barcellos (2001) and Hilstian lyrical studies by Alcir Pécora (2005, 2010) and Nelly Novaes Coelho (1993). / No presente trabalho, estudamos as relações entre a literatura e o sagrado, analisando esta interlocução em Poemas malditos, gozosos e devotos (1984) e Sobre a tua grande face (1986), de Hilda Hilst, e verificando como se dá o processo de humanização do divino nas obras em questão. Analisamos também as formas de aproximação do eu lírico para com o ser divino, bem como a importância do erotismo para a construção de uma imagem metafísico-religiosa. Como corpus, analisamos oito poemas hilstianos sendo quatro de cada obra e como resultado, constatamos que a humanização do divino se faz, sobretudo, através da palavra e da caracterização humana conferida a Deus. Em Poemas malditos, gozosos e devotos (1984), o sagrado aparece, dentre outras formas, através de apóstrofes a Deus, mas se mostra, principalmente, pela revelação do ser divino enquanto uma entidade sagrada, soberana aos seres humanos. Para a realização desta pesquisa, utilizamos como aparato teórico as teorias de Mircea Eliade (2010), Suzi Frankl Sperber (2011) e Rudolf Otto (2007) acerca do sagrado; a teorização de José Carlos Barcellos (2001) sobre a espiritualidade e os estudos de Alcir Pécora (2005, 2010) e Nelly Novaes Coelho (1993) acerca da lírica hilstiana.

Neither an unquestioning support for British imperialism nor a personal pre-Jungian philosophy were the driving forces behind Rider Haggard’s beliefs or his literature. These two concerns were secondary to the author’s fascination with the supernatural, a theme prominent in his era, but less so in our own. A declining faith in European religion provided the dominant focal point in Haggard’s work. Although there are important overtones of imperial concern and indeed points of Jungian significance in the texts, these are generally subservient to an intensive wide-ranging spiritual discourse. The place of Haggard’s work in history and its literary merit are thus misunderstood when his spiritualism is not taken into account. No analysis of the author’s work can be complete without first coming to terms with his spiritual ideas and then with their impact on other topics of significance to both the author and audiences of his day. The spiritual or religious aspect of his writing has been largely ignored because of its subtle nature and its relative unfashionability throughout most of the twentieth century in the critical and intellectual climate of the Western world. However, in the Victorian era, under the materialist impact of Darwin, Marx and industrialization, Europe's Christian God was pushed from centre stage, creating widespread spiritual hunger and anguish. In the resulting religious vacuum Haggard's overtures were of particular significance to his audience. In fact, when considered in terms of his immense contemporary popularity, the pervasive presence of spirituality throughout Haggard's works and in his personal writing gives some indication of the subject's enormous importance not only to the author, but to late Victorian society as a whole. In light of this Victorian significance, the spiritual element rises, by its constant presence and persistent foregrounding, to subvert not only the imperial and the Jungian, but even Haggard's overt adventure text by dealing directly with the underlying metaphysical crisis in Western society.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:12:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_darci_francisca.pdf: 464760 bytes, checksum: faab31e098f3dc68dccb760cf14e5d3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-12 / Interest in spirituality and its literary expressions has become very popular. Being part of this interest, his research of dissertation seeks a relationship between literature and mysticism in the works of the Bishop Helder Camara. It begins with a realization that mysticisms, though not common, in its attitude, in an effort to form a union between reality and transcendence, necessitating a corresponding courageous attitude to accept a "state non-being" which represents a way and proportions a listing and reception of the divine, integrating faith and life, caking its practitioners an experience of God. The mystics can creatively use literary language. When they narrate histories, describe projects, write discourses, record nature. Meditations or let imaginations flow in configurations which point to dimensions non-experimental to comprehensions which still minimally do not comprehend to his according / Por toda parte, tem-se presenciado o surgimento de um renovado interesse pela espiritualidade e por suas expressões religiosas. Em sintonia com tal busca, a presente pesquisa versa sobre a "Relação existente entre literatura e misticismo em escritos de dom Helder Camara", a partir da constatação de que o misticismo, embora sendo um exercício espiritual raro, em sua atitude básica, é ele o esforço pela união entre a realidade e a transcendência, implicando a correspondente coragem de tomar sobre si o não-ser. E isso representa um recurso que proporciona a escuta e o acolhimento do divino, integrando fé e vida, a ponto de que seus praticantes possam exercitar-se num diálogo com seu Deus. Os místicos podem, criativamente, fazer uso da linguagem literária no manuseio das palavras, quando, nas narrativas históricas, descrevem planos, realizam esboços dos seus discursos a proferir e registram maturas meditações. A imaginação flui em configurações que apontam para dimensões não palpáveis à compreensão daqueles que, minimamente, não perceberam suas conformações

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Gerard Manley Hopkins produced poetry in the Victorian era which was noted for its originality of syntax and form. The essence underlying a large body of his poetry was his Catholic religion. His early religious poetry utilized nature-based metaphors to express his love of Christ and trace the immanence of God within nature. He borrowed heavily from the aesthetics of Pater and the philosophy of Duns Scotus. The dissertation explores these early influences and assesses their contribution to the formation of a unique religious interpretation of life and the formulation of an aesthetic congruent with this religion. The dissertation dissects early symptoms of religious doubt within his poetry and finally analyses his `Terrible Sonnet' phase in detail to ascertain whether the crisis so often described as occurring during this period was religious or merely reflected a loss of creative ability. / English Studies / MA (English)

This research project explores an area which had been touched only tangentially, being a comparative analysis of the idea and interpretations of friendship which emerge from the three vernacular collections attributed to the supervision of King Alfonso X of Castile (1252-1284): namely the Marian songs Cantigas de Santa María, the law code known as the Siete Partidas and the chronicle Estoria de España. These sources have been examined by adopting a thematic approach which has highlighted the existence of categories such as spiritual, religious and political friendships, as well as other forms of amicable relationships, including those between representatives of different religious, ethnic and social groups. Additionally, this study demonstrates that there was a conscious adoption of a specific lexicon of amicitia which contributed to reinforce either the opposition or the coincidence between friendship, companionship and counsellorship. Despite the undeniable inheritance of both classical eastern and western traditions, the works of the ‘Learned’ King present a peculiar idea of friendship which was deeply affected by contemporary historical contingencies and by the political and cultural projects of a sovereign who wanted to be regarded as a friend of his people, without denying, however, the unbridgeable gap which existed between different social groups. Interestingly, even if the Alfonsine works display a complicated range of relationships which envisage clear differences, they still outline a perfectly-balanced system within which the general and untouchable rules of friendship predominated, although in some cases certain variants were allowed in order to adapt such general requirements to contemporary social and political situations.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements of Doctor of Philosophy, Johannesburg, 2016. / This thesis is concerned with the meeting point between theatre and religion in the mid-Victorian consciousness, and the paradoxical responses that this engendered particularly in the novels and thought of Dickens, Newman and Charlotte Brontë. It contributes to the still growing body of critical literature that attempts to tease out the complex religious influences on Dickens and Brontë and how this manifests in their fiction. Newman is a religious writer whose fictional treatment of spiritual questions in Callista (1859) is used as a foil to the two novelists. There are two dimensions to this study: on the one hand it is concerned with the broader cultural anti-Catholic mood of the period under consideration and the various ways in which this connects with anti-theatricality. I argue that in the search for a legitimate means of expressing religious sentiments, writers react paradoxically to the latent possibilities of the conventions of religious ceremony, which is felt to be artificial, mystical, transcendent and threatening, inspiring the same contradictory responses as the theatre itself. The second dimension of this study is concerned with the way in which these sentiments manifest themselves stylistically in the novels under consideration: through a close reading of Barnaby Rudge (1841), Pictures From Italy (1846), and Villette (1852), I argue that in the interstices of a wariness of Catholicism and theatricality there is a heightening of language, which takes on a ritual dimension, evoking the paradoxical suggestions of transcendent meaning and artificiality associated with performance. Newman’s Callista (1859) acts as a counterpoint to these novels, enacting a more direct and persuasive argument for the spiritual value of ritual. This throws some light on the realist impulse in the fiction of Brontë and Dickens, which can be thought of as a struggle between a language that seeks to distance and explain, and a language that seeks to perform, involve, and inspire. In my discussion of Barnaby Rudge (1841) I argue that the ritual patterns in the narrative, still hauntingly reminiscent of a religious past, never become fully embodied. This is because the novel is written in a style that could be dubbed “melodramatic” because it both gestures towards transcendent presences and patterns and threatens to make nonsense of the spiritual echoes that it invokes. This sense of a gesture deferred is also present in the travelogue, Pictures from Italy (1846). Here I argue that Dickens struggles to maintain an objective journalistic voice in relation to a sacramental culture that is defined by an intrusive theatricality: he experiences Catholic practices and symbolism as simultaneously vital, chaotic and elusive, impossible to define or to dismiss. In Villette (1852) I suggest that Charlotte Brontë presents a disjuncture between Lucy’s ardour and the commonplace bourgeoisie world that she inhabits. This has the paradoxical effect of revitalising the images of the Catholic religion, which, despite Lucy’s antipathy, achieves a ghostly presence in the novel. In Callista (1859), I suggest that Newman concerns himself with the ritual possibilities and limitations of fiction, poetry and theatre. These dramatic and literary categories invoke and are ultimately subsumed in Christian ritual, which Newman considers the most refined form of language – the point at which detached description gives way to communion and participation. Keywords: Victorian literature, Charles Dickens, Charlotte Brontë, John Henry Newman, ritual, religion, realism, theatricality, anti-Catholicism

Science fiction, like any other genre, is sub-divided into categories. Yet scholars in the field have long debated the existence of multiple, regional sf genres. The most critiqued of these classifications is between sf produced in Britain, and America. Though Britain remains the birthplace of sf, American author have undoubtedly left a mark on the genre. Scholars mark this difference in the writing styles and themes of authors in these regions. To examine this difference, I analyze two authors that have worked on a common theme: religion and in particular, the concept of hell. Evaluating the arguments put forth by critics such as Peter Kuczka, Cy Chavin, Franz Rottensteiner, and others; I examine works by Scottish author Iain m. Banks, and American author Cordwainer Smith to determine the validity of this classification. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2016. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Many Nineteenth century writers experienced the withdrawal of God discussed by Miller in The Disappearance of God. Robert Browning and Charles Dickens present two examples of "Fra Lippo Lippi" and Great Expectations model effective alternatives to accepting God's absence. Conversely "Andrea del Sarto" accepts the void the other two heroes shun.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jassanan Amoroso Dias Pastore.pdf: 2609602 bytes, checksum: 2afc24e3327956c37ed498b6e3ad2801 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-23 / The study of Freud s writings, from the perspective laid down by the convergences and divergences promoted by Freud between psychoanalysis and Schopenhauer s philosophy, enables to investigate on the possible points that put nearer or farther the ways in which Freud and Schopenhauer face the tragic. Halfway in the transition from the XIXth century, which was marked by the theoretical optimism of rationalism and the primacy of conscience, to the XXth century, which main characteristic was the crisis of the reason, psychoanalysis has emerged as a new science about the human soul, having as foundations the unconscious and the drives. Similarly, Schopenhauer had, one hundred years before, in the transition from the XVIIIth to the XIXth century, put in doubt not only the attempts at metaphysically interpreting the world optimistically, but also the notions of the German romantic idealists who, as a rule, in following the tradition, postulated an absolute rational principle of the world. Schopenhauer, in his philosophy, elaborates his thinking by situating the essence of man not in conscience and reason, but in the Will, which he considered to be an irrational impulse. We will depart from the notion of the tragic among the Ancient Greeks, crossing the path of modern philosophy, and finally arriving at psychoanalysis / O estudo dos textos freudianos, a partir da perspectiva estabelecida pelos encontros e desencontros que Freud promove entre a psicanálise e a filosofia schopenhaueriana, permite investigar as possíveis aproximações e distanciamentos entre a concepção e o modo de enfrentamento do trágico em Freud e em Schopenhauer. Em meio à transição do século XIX, marcado pelo otimismo teórico do racionalismo e do primado da consciência, para o século XX, caracterizado pela crise da razão, Freud funda a psicanálise, uma nova ciência sobre a alma humana que postula como fundamentos o inconsciente e as pulsões. Da mesma maneira, cem anos antes, na transição do século XVIII para o XIX, Schopenhauer já havia problematizado as tentativas de interpretar metafisicamente o mundo de maneira otimista e também as concepções dos idealistas românticos alemães, que, de modo geral, ao seguirem a tradição, postulavam um princípio racional absoluto do mundo. Em sua filosofia, Schopenhauer elabora um pensamento que situa a essência do homem não na consciência e na razão, mas na Vontade, considerada por ele um impulso irracional. Partiremos do estudo da concepção de trágico desde a Antiguidade grega, passando pela filosofia moderna, até chegarmos à psicanálise