Submitted by Ubirajara Cruz (ubirajara.cruz@gmail.com) on 2017-06-26T16:43:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Claudio_Posser.pdf: 1002622 bytes, checksum: 5fd0d7202d8a9237ebcf50b4d2c9d707 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-06-27T19:05:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Claudio_Posser.pdf: 1002622 bytes, checksum: 5fd0d7202d8a9237ebcf50b4d2c9d707 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-27T19:05:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Claudio_Posser.pdf: 1002622 bytes, checksum: 5fd0d7202d8a9237ebcf50b4d2c9d707 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / A suplementação de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (PUFA) contendo ômega-3, especialmente o ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA), na dieta de fêmeas suínas pode ser uma alternativa para melhorar o seu desempenho reprodutivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os parâmetros reprodutivos e os níveis séricos de marcadores metabólicos em fêmeas suínas suplementadas com ômega-3. Neste estudo, 463 fêmeas suínas foram suplementadas na dieta com uma fonte de DHA extraído de microalgas, a partir de 85 dias de gestação e durante a lactação e o intervalo desmame-estro (IDE). Os níveis de inclusão de DHA foram: 0,0 (controle); 3,5; 7,0; 14,0; e 28,0 g/d. Foram realizadas três coletas de sangue, no início do tratamento (durante a gestação), dez dias após o parto (durante a lactação) e um dia antes do desmame, para avaliação dos níveis séricos de indicadores metabólicos: triglicerídeos; colesterol; fator de crescimento semelhante a insulina tipo I (IGF-1); e ácidos graxos não esterificados (NEFA). Os tratamentos não apresentaram efeitos sobre a taxa de natimortalidade, o tamanho total da leitegada e a duração do IDE no parto no qual houve suplementação (P > 0,05), nem sobre o total de leitões nascidos e a taxa de natimortalidade no parto subsequente P > 0,05). Durante a gestação, os níveis séricos de colesterol e IGF-1 foram inferiores (P < 0,05) e os níveis de NEFA foram mais elevados durante a gestação (P < 0,05) do que durante a lactação e o IDE. Ainda, durante a gestação, os níveis séricos de triglicerideos foram reduzidos (P < 0,05) apenas em fêmeas suplementadas com 14 e 28 g de ômega-3. A suplementação de fêmeas suínas com esta fonte de ômega-3 não trouxe benefício para os parâmetros reprodutivos avaliados, possivelmente em função do ótimo desempenho observado durante o período do experimento. / Supplementation of diets of swine females with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) containing omega-3, especially the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may be an alternative to improve their reproductive performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate reproductive performance and serum levels of metabolic marker in swine females supplemented with omega-3. In this study, 463 swine females were supplemented in the diet with a source of DHA extracted from microalgae, from the 85th day of gestation and during both the lactation and the weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI). The DHA was included in the diet at: 3.5; 7.0; 14.0; and 28.0 g/d. Blood samples were collected at the beginning of the supplementation (during gestation), ten days after farrowing (during lactation) and one day prior to weaning, for determination of serum levels of metabolic markers: triglycerides; cholesterol; insulinlike growth factor type I (IGF-I); and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). No effect of the treatments was observed on the stillborn rate, total litter size and WEI at the parity in which supplementation occurred (P > 0.05), and also no effect occurred on total litter size and stillborn rate at the subsequent parity (P > 0.05). During the gestation, serum levels of cholesterol and IGF-I were lower (P < 0.05) and NEFA serum levels were greater than during lactation and the WEI (P < 0.05). Also during gestation, serum triglyceride levels were reduced (P < 0.05) only for females supplemented with 14.0 and 28.0 g of omega-3. The supplementation with DHA did not benefit the evaluated reproductive parameters of swine females, possibly due to the excellent performance observed during the experimental period.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação do desenvolvimento de peso corporal da 1º inseminação até o 1º desmame com o desempenho reprodutivo, produção de leitões e taxa de descartes até o 3º parto, em 196 primíparas Landrace x Large White, usando modelos de regressão logística. O peso corporal (PC) foi medido na inseminação artificial (IA), 24h após o 1º parto e no dia do desmame. Na 1º IA, primeiro parto e desmame o PC foram em média 140.4 kg, 170.8 kg e 163.7 kg, respectivamente. O intervalo desmame-estro (IDE), o número de leitões nascidos totais no primeiro, segundo e após três partos, e a taxa de descarte até terceiro parto foram, em média 5.7 dias, 12.5, 11.8 e 36.7 leitões nascidos, e 10.2%, respectivamente. O aumento de 10 kg no ganho de peso na primeira prenhes (OR = 0.63), no peso ao 1º parto (OR = 0.63), peso ao 1º desmame (OR = 0.69) e ganho de peso entre a 1º IA e o 1º desmame (OR = 0,67) diminuiu a percentagem de primíparas com longo IDE. Os aumentos da duração da lactação e do número de leitões desmamados foram responsáveis pela, respectivamente, diminuição (OR = 0.79 por dia de lactação) e aumento (OR = 1.45 por leitão desmamado) do percentual de fêmeas com IDE longo. Primíparas com PC <159.5 kg a desmama apresentaram maior taxa de não-parto (TNP) em comparação com porcas com PC >170 kg (OR = 4.73). Porcas com <17.5 kg de ganho entre a 1º IA e o 1º desmame tiveram maior chance (OR = 4,88) de TNP do que fêmeas > 30 kg. Cada dia adicional de lactação diminuiu a TNP (OR = 0.77). As fêmeas com PC <139 kg na 1º IA apresentaram maior porcentagem de leitegadas pequenas no segundo parto (NT2P, OR = 2.00) e após três parições (OR = 3.28) em comparação com aquelas pesando ≥139 kg. Porcas com ganho de peso <25 kg durante a primeira prenhes apresentaram maior chance de NT2P (OR = 3.01), em comparação com porcas ganhando acima de 35 kg. A cada 10 kg de aumento no peso ao primeiro desmame e no ganho de peso entre a 1º IA e o 1º desmame (OR = 0.71 e 0.73, respectivamente) diminuiu a taxa de descarte total, e por razões reprodutivas (OR = 0.57 e 0.61, respectivamente). A taxa de descarte até o 3º parto aumentou em porcas com menores leitegadas a primeira parição. Os resultados mostram que atingir um peso mínimo à 1º IA é importante, mas também deve ser considerado o ganho de peso corporal adequado até o primeiro desmame para melhor desempenho reprodutivo, produtividade, e retenção de matrizes no rebanho. / The aim of this study was to verify the association of sow body weight development until 1st weaning with the reproductive performance, piglet production and culling rate until 3rd farrowing in 196 Landrace x Large White primiparous sows using logistic regression models. Body weight (BW) was measured at artificial insemination (AI), 24h after farrowing and on the weaning day. At 1st AI, 1st farrowing and 1st weaning the BW was on average 140.4 kg, 170.8 kg and 163.7 kg, respectively. The weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI), the number of piglets born at 1st, 2nd and over three parities, and culling rate until 3rd farrowing were on average 5.7 days, 12.5, 11.8 and 36.7 piglets born, and 10.2%, respectively. Each 10kg increase in weight gain in 1st pregnancy (OR= 0.63), weight at 1st farrowing (OR= 0.63), weight at 1st weaning (OR= 0.69) or weight gain from 1st AI to 1st weaning (OR= 0.67) decreased the percentage of primiparous sows with long WEI. Increasing lactation length and increasing the number of weaned piglets were responsible for respectively decreasing (OR=0.79 per day of lactation) and increasing (OR= 1.45 per piglet weaned) the percentage of sows with long WEI. Sows with <159.5 kg at weaning had higher non-farrowing rate (NFR) compared to sows with >170 kg (OR = 4.73). Sows with <17.5 kg of gain from 1st AI to 1st weaning had higher odds (OR= 4.88) of NFR than sows gaining >30 kg. Each additional lactation day decreased the NFR (OR = 0.77). Females weighing < 139 kg at 1st AI had higher percentages of small number of total born in second parity (STB2, OR= 2.00) and over three parities (OR = 3.28) compared to those weighing ≥139 kg. Sows with weight gain at 1st pregnancy <25 kg had higher odds of STB2 (OR= 3.01) compared to sows gaining >35 kg. Each 10 kg of increase in weight at 1st weaning or in weight gain from 1st AI to 1st weaning decreased the total culling rate (OR= 0.71 and 0.73, respectively) and culling by reproductive reasons (OR= 0.57 and 0.61, respectively). Culling rate until 3rd farrowing was also increased in sows with smaller first litter size. The results show that not only to reach a minimum weight at 1st AI but also to have an adequate body weight gain until 1st weaning is important for the reproductive performance, productivity and retention of sows in the herd.

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-03-15T12:45:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA16MA206.pdf: 750013 bytes, checksum: 70bddcd61c31dd2ee20002e2905f599e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-15T12:45:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA16MA206.pdf: 750013 bytes, checksum: 70bddcd61c31dd2ee20002e2905f599e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-06 / The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of gilts subjected to post-cervical artificial insemination (PCAI) compared to traditional artificial insemination (TAI). We also evaluated the degree of difficulty in bypassing the cervix, time required to perform the insemination, presence of bleeding after insemination, semen backflow, as well as the volume and the total reflow cells 30 minutes after insemination. Gilts submitted to PCAI (n = 279) were inseminated with 45 mL doses of 1.5 x 10⁹ sperm cells and the ones submitted to TAI (n = 273) were inseminated with 80 mL doses with 2.5 x 10⁹ cells. The bypassing of the cervix was possible in 91.04% (254/279) of gilts. The difficulty bypassing the cervix in at least one of the gilt’s PCAI procedures happened with 41.58% (116/279) of the females, but it did not affect reproductive performance (P>0.05). The presence of bleeding after insemination did not affect the farrowing rate and total number of piglets born for both treatments (P>0.05). The average time needed to carry out the PCAI was 1.47 minutes and the TAI was 4.04 minutes. The percentage of sperm present in the reflux was higher in TAI than the PCAI, but no correlation was found between litter size and the percentage of sperm in reflux (P>0.05). There was no statistical difference (P>0.05) in farrowing rate (89.38% and 91.76%) and the total number of piglets born (11.63 and 11.81) between TAI and PCAI treatments, respectively. Thus, it is possible to perform the post-cervical artificial insemination in gilts without causing a reduction in reproductive performance, using doses with a concentration of 1.5 x 10⁹ sperm cells / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho reprodutivo de nulíparas submetidas à inseminação artificial pós-cervical (IAPC) comparada à inseminação artificial tradicional (IAT). Foram avaliados a ocorrência de sangramento, refluxo durante à inseminação, dificuldade no transpasse da cérvix, volume e o total de células refluídas até 30 minutos após a inseminação. As fêmeas submetidas à IAPC (n=279) foram inseminadas com doses na concentração de 1,5 x 109 diluídos em 45 mL e as fêmeas submetidas à IAT (n=273) foram inseminadas com doses na concentração de 2,5 x 109 diluídos em 80 mL. O transpasse da cérvix foi possível em 91,04% (254/279) das leitoas. A dificuldade no transpasse da cérvix, em pelo menos uma das inseminações, foi de 41,58% (116/279) e não comprometeu o desempenho reprodutivo (P>0,05). A presença de sangramento durante a inseminação não afetou a taxa de parto nem o número de leitões nascidos totais para ambos os tratamentos (P>0,05). O tempo médio necessário para a realização da IAPC foi de 1,47 minutos e a IAT foi de 4,04 minutos. O percentual de espermatozoides presentes no refluxo foi maior na IAT do que na IAPC, não sendo observada diferença no tamanho de leitegada de acordo com o percentual de espermatozoides no refluxo (P>0,05). Não houve diferença estatística (P>0,05) taxa de parto (89,38% e 91,76%) e no número de leitões nascidos totais (11,63 e 11,81) entre os tratamentos IAT e IAPC, respectivamente. Desta forma, podemos concluir que pode - se realizar a inseminação artificial pós-cervical em leitoas sem causar redução no desempenho reprodutivo, utilizando doses com concentração de 1,5 x 109 células espermáticas

The main goal of all milk cattle breeders is herd making profit {--} the herd with good reproduction and consequent high production performance. Such a goal can only be reached if the herd is of quality genetic base. Cow{\crq}s milk performance is one of important factors influencing final economic results of milk production. The aim of this Diploma work was to examine lactation course and level as well as reproduction of high-performance Czech pied diary cows with regards to their genetic base. The diary cows (190 pieces) on lactation within 27th March 2008 {--} 13th June 2008 were examined. The examined cows were divided into three groups based on number of their lactation. These groups with cows on 1st, 2nd, 3rd lactation were further divided with regards to their genetic base into herd groups registered as C1 and C2. The sub-herd group C100 was isolated from C1 herd group. To each lactation group, 2{--}3 bulls were assigned based on the highest number of daughters in specific lactation group. Minimum criterion for bull assignment to lactation group was set on at least 5 daughters in the group. Reproduction performance was examined in these groups. The milk performance was evaluated based on 305 days usage, lactation curve persistence index and the lactation curve course in individual groups. The herd-group C2 with highest genetic base of diary breed proved the best results in all lactation groups with regards to reproductive performance. The best results were reached on 3rd lactation. The link between genetic base and reproduction performance of Czech pied cattle was not proved. Neither the link between genetic base and milk performance was proved. The influence of lactation number on most of examined factors was proved. The father{\crq}s influence on reproduction or milk performance was not clearly proved. However, the results may be distorted for lack of diary cows in groups examined under this criterion. Finally, the direct link between reproductive and milk performance was also not clearly proved. To summarize our results, we can state that the diary cows in examined herd were above the milk performance average of Czech pied cattle bred in Czech Republic. At the same time, the reproduction performance was just on average of Czech Republic.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação do desenvolvimento de peso corporal da 1º inseminação até o 1º desmame com o desempenho reprodutivo, produção de leitões e taxa de descartes até o 3º parto, em 196 primíparas Landrace x Large White, usando modelos de regressão logística. O peso corporal (PC) foi medido na inseminação artificial (IA), 24h após o 1º parto e no dia do desmame. Na 1º IA, primeiro parto e desmame o PC foram em média 140.4 kg, 170.8 kg e 163.7 kg, respectivamente. O intervalo desmame-estro (IDE), o número de leitões nascidos totais no primeiro, segundo e após três partos, e a taxa de descarte até terceiro parto foram, em média 5.7 dias, 12.5, 11.8 e 36.7 leitões nascidos, e 10.2%, respectivamente. O aumento de 10 kg no ganho de peso na primeira prenhes (OR = 0.63), no peso ao 1º parto (OR = 0.63), peso ao 1º desmame (OR = 0.69) e ganho de peso entre a 1º IA e o 1º desmame (OR = 0,67) diminuiu a percentagem de primíparas com longo IDE. Os aumentos da duração da lactação e do número de leitões desmamados foram responsáveis pela, respectivamente, diminuição (OR = 0.79 por dia de lactação) e aumento (OR = 1.45 por leitão desmamado) do percentual de fêmeas com IDE longo. Primíparas com PC <159.5 kg a desmama apresentaram maior taxa de não-parto (TNP) em comparação com porcas com PC >170 kg (OR = 4.73). Porcas com <17.5 kg de ganho entre a 1º IA e o 1º desmame tiveram maior chance (OR = 4,88) de TNP do que fêmeas > 30 kg. Cada dia adicional de lactação diminuiu a TNP (OR = 0.77). As fêmeas com PC <139 kg na 1º IA apresentaram maior porcentagem de leitegadas pequenas no segundo parto (NT2P, OR = 2.00) e após três parições (OR = 3.28) em comparação com aquelas pesando ≥139 kg. Porcas com ganho de peso <25 kg durante a primeira prenhes apresentaram maior chance de NT2P (OR = 3.01), em comparação com porcas ganhando acima de 35 kg. A cada 10 kg de aumento no peso ao primeiro desmame e no ganho de peso entre a 1º IA e o 1º desmame (OR = 0.71 e 0.73, respectivamente) diminuiu a taxa de descarte total, e por razões reprodutivas (OR = 0.57 e 0.61, respectivamente). A taxa de descarte até o 3º parto aumentou em porcas com menores leitegadas a primeira parição. Os resultados mostram que atingir um peso mínimo à 1º IA é importante, mas também deve ser considerado o ganho de peso corporal adequado até o primeiro desmame para melhor desempenho reprodutivo, produtividade, e retenção de matrizes no rebanho. / The aim of this study was to verify the association of sow body weight development until 1st weaning with the reproductive performance, piglet production and culling rate until 3rd farrowing in 196 Landrace x Large White primiparous sows using logistic regression models. Body weight (BW) was measured at artificial insemination (AI), 24h after farrowing and on the weaning day. At 1st AI, 1st farrowing and 1st weaning the BW was on average 140.4 kg, 170.8 kg and 163.7 kg, respectively. The weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI), the number of piglets born at 1st, 2nd and over three parities, and culling rate until 3rd farrowing were on average 5.7 days, 12.5, 11.8 and 36.7 piglets born, and 10.2%, respectively. Each 10kg increase in weight gain in 1st pregnancy (OR= 0.63), weight at 1st farrowing (OR= 0.63), weight at 1st weaning (OR= 0.69) or weight gain from 1st AI to 1st weaning (OR= 0.67) decreased the percentage of primiparous sows with long WEI. Increasing lactation length and increasing the number of weaned piglets were responsible for respectively decreasing (OR=0.79 per day of lactation) and increasing (OR= 1.45 per piglet weaned) the percentage of sows with long WEI. Sows with <159.5 kg at weaning had higher non-farrowing rate (NFR) compared to sows with >170 kg (OR = 4.73). Sows with <17.5 kg of gain from 1st AI to 1st weaning had higher odds (OR= 4.88) of NFR than sows gaining >30 kg. Each additional lactation day decreased the NFR (OR = 0.77). Females weighing < 139 kg at 1st AI had higher percentages of small number of total born in second parity (STB2, OR= 2.00) and over three parities (OR = 3.28) compared to those weighing ≥139 kg. Sows with weight gain at 1st pregnancy <25 kg had higher odds of STB2 (OR= 3.01) compared to sows gaining >35 kg. Each 10 kg of increase in weight at 1st weaning or in weight gain from 1st AI to 1st weaning decreased the total culling rate (OR= 0.71 and 0.73, respectively) and culling by reproductive reasons (OR= 0.57 and 0.61, respectively). Culling rate until 3rd farrowing was also increased in sows with smaller first litter size. The results show that not only to reach a minimum weight at 1st AI but also to have an adequate body weight gain until 1st weaning is important for the reproductive performance, productivity and retention of sows in the herd.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação do desenvolvimento de peso corporal da 1º inseminação até o 1º desmame com o desempenho reprodutivo, produção de leitões e taxa de descartes até o 3º parto, em 196 primíparas Landrace x Large White, usando modelos de regressão logística. O peso corporal (PC) foi medido na inseminação artificial (IA), 24h após o 1º parto e no dia do desmame. Na 1º IA, primeiro parto e desmame o PC foram em média 140.4 kg, 170.8 kg e 163.7 kg, respectivamente. O intervalo desmame-estro (IDE), o número de leitões nascidos totais no primeiro, segundo e após três partos, e a taxa de descarte até terceiro parto foram, em média 5.7 dias, 12.5, 11.8 e 36.7 leitões nascidos, e 10.2%, respectivamente. O aumento de 10 kg no ganho de peso na primeira prenhes (OR = 0.63), no peso ao 1º parto (OR = 0.63), peso ao 1º desmame (OR = 0.69) e ganho de peso entre a 1º IA e o 1º desmame (OR = 0,67) diminuiu a percentagem de primíparas com longo IDE. Os aumentos da duração da lactação e do número de leitões desmamados foram responsáveis pela, respectivamente, diminuição (OR = 0.79 por dia de lactação) e aumento (OR = 1.45 por leitão desmamado) do percentual de fêmeas com IDE longo. Primíparas com PC <159.5 kg a desmama apresentaram maior taxa de não-parto (TNP) em comparação com porcas com PC >170 kg (OR = 4.73). Porcas com <17.5 kg de ganho entre a 1º IA e o 1º desmame tiveram maior chance (OR = 4,88) de TNP do que fêmeas > 30 kg. Cada dia adicional de lactação diminuiu a TNP (OR = 0.77). As fêmeas com PC <139 kg na 1º IA apresentaram maior porcentagem de leitegadas pequenas no segundo parto (NT2P, OR = 2.00) e após três parições (OR = 3.28) em comparação com aquelas pesando ≥139 kg. Porcas com ganho de peso <25 kg durante a primeira prenhes apresentaram maior chance de NT2P (OR = 3.01), em comparação com porcas ganhando acima de 35 kg. A cada 10 kg de aumento no peso ao primeiro desmame e no ganho de peso entre a 1º IA e o 1º desmame (OR = 0.71 e 0.73, respectivamente) diminuiu a taxa de descarte total, e por razões reprodutivas (OR = 0.57 e 0.61, respectivamente). A taxa de descarte até o 3º parto aumentou em porcas com menores leitegadas a primeira parição. Os resultados mostram que atingir um peso mínimo à 1º IA é importante, mas também deve ser considerado o ganho de peso corporal adequado até o primeiro desmame para melhor desempenho reprodutivo, produtividade, e retenção de matrizes no rebanho. / The aim of this study was to verify the association of sow body weight development until 1st weaning with the reproductive performance, piglet production and culling rate until 3rd farrowing in 196 Landrace x Large White primiparous sows using logistic regression models. Body weight (BW) was measured at artificial insemination (AI), 24h after farrowing and on the weaning day. At 1st AI, 1st farrowing and 1st weaning the BW was on average 140.4 kg, 170.8 kg and 163.7 kg, respectively. The weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI), the number of piglets born at 1st, 2nd and over three parities, and culling rate until 3rd farrowing were on average 5.7 days, 12.5, 11.8 and 36.7 piglets born, and 10.2%, respectively. Each 10kg increase in weight gain in 1st pregnancy (OR= 0.63), weight at 1st farrowing (OR= 0.63), weight at 1st weaning (OR= 0.69) or weight gain from 1st AI to 1st weaning (OR= 0.67) decreased the percentage of primiparous sows with long WEI. Increasing lactation length and increasing the number of weaned piglets were responsible for respectively decreasing (OR=0.79 per day of lactation) and increasing (OR= 1.45 per piglet weaned) the percentage of sows with long WEI. Sows with <159.5 kg at weaning had higher non-farrowing rate (NFR) compared to sows with >170 kg (OR = 4.73). Sows with <17.5 kg of gain from 1st AI to 1st weaning had higher odds (OR= 4.88) of NFR than sows gaining >30 kg. Each additional lactation day decreased the NFR (OR = 0.77). Females weighing < 139 kg at 1st AI had higher percentages of small number of total born in second parity (STB2, OR= 2.00) and over three parities (OR = 3.28) compared to those weighing ≥139 kg. Sows with weight gain at 1st pregnancy <25 kg had higher odds of STB2 (OR= 3.01) compared to sows gaining >35 kg. Each 10 kg of increase in weight at 1st weaning or in weight gain from 1st AI to 1st weaning decreased the total culling rate (OR= 0.71 and 0.73, respectively) and culling by reproductive reasons (OR= 0.57 and 0.61, respectively). Culling rate until 3rd farrowing was also increased in sows with smaller first litter size. The results show that not only to reach a minimum weight at 1st AI but also to have an adequate body weight gain until 1st weaning is important for the reproductive performance, productivity and retention of sows in the herd.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabricio Carriao.pdf: 992501 bytes, checksum: 1e07e96d87d79a4388a67148e4a8f1cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-20 / The aim is to find ways of management to improve reproductive efficiency of dairy herds in recent post-partum through the use of analogues of PGF2(alfa) or cypionate of oestradiol, which may improve uterine health and reproductive efficiency. We used one hundred and fourteen cows girolandas randomly divided into three groups: CON - control; PGF2(alfa) - treated with two doses (500 g) of cloprostenol in the seventh and 14th day postpartum; CE - treated with a single application (3 mg) of estradiol, 24 hours after calving. Six animals from each group, three primiparous cows and three cows multiparous were subjected to blood sampling for performance of routine white blood cell count, blood sampling intrauterine to perform endometrial cytology and bacterial meningitis. Blood sampling occurred seven days of the date of calving, 24 hours, seven days, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days postpartum. Collection of uterine material occur as well as in blood samples except the first (seven days before the expected date of calving). The total lymphocyte count was different (p <0.05) among treatments for primiparous cows and multiparous cows, with the first group PGF2(alfa) lower than the others and the second was the best. The primiparous cows had subclinical endometritis by endometrial cytology detected only in group CON, while bas pluriparous CON also beyond the EC. In primiparous cows, the CON group had a lower percentage of potentially pathogenic bacteria (p <0.05). Primiparous cows in the EC group had a higher percentage of pathogenic bacteria (p <0.05). The interval from calving/conception of primiparous and multiparous cows was respectively: CON-130,3, PGF2-176,1 e CE-161,6; CON-127,7, PGF2- 111,4 e CE-150,5. Concluded the CON treatment and PGF2 were presented better results in primiparous cows and multiparous cows, respectively. The economic evaluation, the application of cloprostenol only in multiparous cows makes the system more efficient and productive is the most economically profitable. / O objetivo é encontrar formas de manejo para melhorar a eficiência reprodutiva de rebanhos leiteiros no pós-parto recente, através do uso de análogos de PGF2&#61537; ou do cipionato de estradiol, que possam melhorar a saúde uterina e a eficiência reprodutiva. Foram utilizadas cento e quatorze vacas girolandas, distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos: CON - Controle; PGF2&#61537; - tratado com duas aplicações (500 &#61549;g) de cloprostenol no sétimo e 14º dia pós-parto; CE tratado com uma única aplicação (3 mg) de cipionato de estradiol, 24 horas após o parto. Seis animais de cada grupo, sendo três vacas primíparas e três vacas pluríparas foram submetidas à colheita de sangue para realização de exame de leucograma, colheita de material uterino para a realização de citologia endometrial e bacterioscopia. As colheitas de sangue ocorreram sete dias antes da data prevista do parto, 24 horas, sete dias, 14 dias, 21 dias, 28 dias, 35 dias e 42 dias pós-parto. As colheitas de material uterino ocorrem assim como nas colheitas de sangue exceto a primeira (sete dias antes da data prevista do parto). A Contagem Total de Linfócitos foi diferente (p<0,05) entre os tratamentos para vacas prímiparas e pluriparas, sendo que nas primeiras o grupo PGF2&#61537; foi inferior aos demais e no segundo foi superior aos demais. As vacas primíparas apresentaram endometrite subclínica detectada por citologia endometrial somente no grupo CON, enquanto que as pluríparas além do CON também o CE. Em vacas primíparas, o grupo CON apresentou menor porcentagem de bactérias potencialmente patogênicas (p<0,05). Em vacas primíparas o grupo CE apresentou maior porcentagem dessas bactérias patogênicas (p<0,05). O intervalo parto/concepção de vacas primíparas e pluríparas foi respectivamente: CON- 130,3, PGF2&#61537;-176,1 e CE-161,6; CON-127,7, PGF2&#61537;- 111,4 e CE-150,5. Conclui-se que o tratamento CON e PGF2&#61537; foram os que apresentaram melhores resultados em vacas primíparas e vacas pluríparas, respectivamente. Quanto a avaliação econômica, a aplicação do cloprostenol somente em vacas pluríparas torna o sistema produtivo mais eficiente e é o método mais rentável economicamente.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:37:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_carlos_ferreira.pdf: 649296 bytes, checksum: 99fb2b37d32c0a7abfe862b1269cfdbf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-26 / The common use of pooled sperm doses (composed of sperm of two or more boars) in artificial insemination (AI) in swine limits the precise evaluation of individual boar fertility. Thus, marginal differences in potential fertility among boars are clouded by the use of heterospermic AI. This study had the objective of identifying the contribution of individual boars for the paternity of progeny generated by heterospermic AI. Four boars were used as sperm donors (A, B, C and D). After collection, ejaculates from those boars were used to compose homospermic and heterospermic doses (AB, AC, AD, BC, BD and CD), all including 3.0 x 109 spermatozoa in 80 ml. A total of 511 females were inseminated. The paternity of 4.119 piglets was determined through the use of SNP (Single nucleotide polymorphism) markers : 3.558 from heterospermic AI; and 461 from homospermic AI. The comparison of paternity per pool showed that the pool AC was the only one in which each boar contributed similarly for paternity (P > 0.05), whereas differences between boars occurred in all other pools (P < 0.05). The greatest contribution for paternity of piglets occurred for boar D, which sired nearly 60% of all piglets boar in the pools in which that boar took part. These results indicate that in most of the heterospermic AI, individual boars contribute distinctly for the paternity of the piglets, even though each boar contributes with the same sperm concentration in the pooled sperm doses. Key / O uso generalizado de pool de sêmen (dois ou mais machos compondo a dose) em inseminações artificiais comerciais limita a análise dos dados de fertilidade dos reprodutores. Pequenas diferenças no potencial fecundante dos machos doadores são ocultadas pelo uso de doses heterospérmicas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar a contribuição individual de reprodutores suínos para a composição da progênie gerada por inseminação artificial heterospérmica. Foram utilizados quatro reprodutores suínos. Após a coleta dos ejaculados foram elaboradas doses inseminantes (DI) homospérmicas (A, B, C e D) e DI heterospérmicas, formando os pools (AB, AC, AD, BC, BD e CD) contendo 3,0 x 109 espermatozoides em 80 ml. Foram inseminadas 511 fêmeas. A determinação da paternidade foi através de marcadores SNP (Single nucleotide polymorphism). Foram genotipadas amostras de um total de 4.019 leitões, 3.558 provenientes de IA heterospérmicas e 461 provenientes de IA homospérmicas. Durante a análise do percentual de paternidade por pool, constatou-se que AC foi o único grupo em cada macho contribuiu igualmente para o tamanho das leitegadas (P > 0,05), nos demais pools foi observada diferença estatística significativa (P<0,05). A avaliação das doses heterospérmicas revelou que as médias mais elevadas foram de pools formados pelo reprodutor D, que contribuiu com aproximadamente 60% do total de nascidos (TN) em seus pools. Conforme os resultados obtidos, na maioria dos casos estudados não há contribuição semelhante na quantidade de leitões nascidos, ainda que a concentração de células espermáticas de cada um dos machos seja idêntica na formação das DIs.

Captive-breeding has been identified as an integral part of the conservation of threatened species. The black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) as a species is currently listed by the IUCN as critically endangered (CR), while the white rhinoceros’s (Ceratotherium simum) current status is near-threatened (NT). Three African rhinoceros subspecies currently occur in captive populations in regional population management programmes, namely the South-central black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor), the Eastern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli) and the Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). Concerns have been raised, however, that these populations are not self-sustainable. This study aims to analyze the demographic parameters that contribute to the growth rates of the global captive populations of African rhinoceros. The study sets out to determine if these global captive populations are currently self-sustaining, which demographic factors have the most influence on the population growth rates, and whether or not 50- and 100- year targets set for the captive African rhinoceros populations are attainable. Demographic data from 1 January 2010 until 31 December 2010 were analysed through population census, life table and age structure analyses. Two additional concerns, namely poor reproductive performance of the female F1 generation and male-biased birth sex ratios, were also assessed. The results indicate that the captive populations of D. b. minor and C. s. simum are not self-sustainable, with population growth rates (λ) of 0.98 and 0.99, respectively. Diceros bicornis michaeli is the only subspecies with a growing population, with a population growth rate of 1.02. Sensitivity analyses conclude that fecundity rates, and not mortality rates, are the limiting factor to population growth in all three subspecies. While lifetime reproductive success values for D. b. minor and C. s. simum captive-born females are far lower than those of the founder generation, several factors need further investigation to determine the true cause of this. Birth sex ratio analysis shows no significant difference from parity for both black rhinoceros subspecies, however, quadratic logit regression conducted on the white rhinoceros data indicated a statistically significant male-bias. In all three subspecies, no significant link was found between maternal age and the sex of the offspring. Overall, the results of this study show that the 50 year and 100 year targets set at the GCAP workshop in 1992 are achievable. However, D. b. minor will only be able to achieve the target population sizes with an increase in fecundity rate of around 170% or alternatively, additional supplementation from the wild. Recommendations for the future include a global study of breeding husbandry at an institutional level, and the formalisation of a Global Species Management plan for D. b. minor. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / I would like to acknowledge several organisations and people that have supported me throughout this MSc. The National Research Foundation (NRF), which provided me with the funding for my studies. My employer, The National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, a research facility of the NRF, and particularly the CEO, Dr Clifford Nxomani and my manager, Dr Abeda Dawood, who gave me support, encouragement and most importantly, time off to concentrate on this thesis. A special heartfelt thanks goes to my supervisors, Prof. Chris Chimimba, who never gave up on me, even though this study took a little bit longer than it was supposed to, and Dr Ed Stam, whose dedication, patience and endless comments (and good cappuccinos) helped shape this thesis. Lastly, my husband David, who always encourages me to do better and never allows me to become complacent; thank you, my love, for always pushing me to achieve. / Zoology and Entomology / MSc / Unrestricted