133 f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-25T18:14:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_ Maioli, Edilene.pdf: 1296539 bytes, checksum: f0b2ec22de83e245ad05f373cddf167c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-04-30T19:20:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_ Maioli, Edilene.pdf: 1296539 bytes, checksum: f0b2ec22de83e245ad05f373cddf167c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-30T19:20:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_ Maioli, Edilene.pdf: 1296539 bytes, checksum: f0b2ec22de83e245ad05f373cddf167c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / A presente dissertação comunica os resultados de uma etnopesquisa sobre o movimento do (des)prestígio social na docência de professoras das séries iniciais que trabalham no Centro de Educação Básica da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Através da análise de conteúdo de entrevistas gravadas, fontes escritas e outros dispositivos, foram analisadas as representações sociais das professoras primárias em contexto específico de trabalho e algumas representações veiculadas na imprensa, local e nacional, sobre docência, carreira, profissão, e sobre o (des)prestígio e desvalorização que atualmente envolvem essa ocupação, principalmente nesse nível de ensino. É um estudo de caso de inspiração hermenêutica, cujo aporte crítico fenomenológico constituiu-se num esforço de compreender como se constituem as representações sociais do desprestígio social, bem como a interpretação deste movimento dialético no interior da docência de professoras das séries iniciais e seus possíveis desdobramentos na profissionalidade dessas docentes. / Salvador

Le présent travail propose une étude sur l’étendue de la protection spéciale de la marque renommée. Dans le cadre de l’examen du régime actuel, il convient d’analyser la notion fondamentale de marque renommée, ainsi que celle de marque notoirement connue. Ensuite, sont examinées les conditions de l’atteinte à la marque renommée communes à toutes les formes d’atteinte : premièrement les conditions positives, et notamment celle de l’existence d’un lien dans l’esprit du public entre la marque renommée invoquée et le signe litigieux, deuxièmement, les conditions négatives, et en particulier l’exception du juste motif. L’étude présente les différentes formes d’atteinte à la marque renommées reconnues en l’état actuel du droit : la dilution, l’avilissement et le profit indûment tiré du caractère distinctif ou de la renommée de la marque. Selon la thèse défendue dans le travail, toutes ces formes d’atteinte à la marque renommée ont des finalités distinctes et sont indépendantes les unes des autres, en permettant de sanctionner différentes hypothèses d’usages de marques renommées par des tiers. Par ailleurs, l’étude situe le régime spécial par rapport au droit commun, d’une part, au droit commun des marques, en distinguant la protection élargie de l’hypothèse du risque de confusion, et, d’autre part, au droit commun de la responsabilité civile qui sanctionne le parasitisme susceptible de compléter la protection conférée aux titulaires sur le terrain de la protection de la marque renommée. Enfin, le travail présente une analyse de la problématique de la réparation des atteintes à la marque renommée en fonction de la forme d’atteinte établie par le titulaire. / The work offers a study on the scope of the special protection of the trade mark with a reputation. In the context of the assessment of the current regime, it is necessary to analyse the fundamental concept of the trade mark with a reputation, as well as the concept of the well known trade mark. Then, the conditions for infringement of the trade mark with a reputation common to all forms of infringement are examined: firstly, the positive conditions, in particular the existence of a link established in the public mind between the mark invoked and the sign in dispute, secondly, the negative conditions, in particular the exception of due cause. The study presents the various forms of infringement of trade marks with a reputation: dilution by blurring, dilution by tarnishment and unfair advantage taken of the distinctive character or the repute of the trade mark. According to the thesis of the work, all those forms of infringement have distinct purposes and are independent of each other, allowing to sanction various uses of trade marks with a reputation by third parties. In addition, the study places the special regime in relation to ordinary law, on the one hand, to the ordinary law of trade marks, by distinguishing between the extended protection and the likelihood of confusion, and, on the other hand, to the ordinary law of civil liability which sanctions the free-riding likely to complete the protection conferred on the right holders by the special regime. Finally, the work presents an analysis of the problem of repairing infringements of the trade marks with a reputation according to the form of infringement established by the right holder. / Rozprawa stanowi studium zakresu szczególnej ochrony renomowanego znaku towarowego. Pracazawiera pogłębioną analizę ewolucji ochrony znaku poza granicami specjalizacji. W ramach ocenyaktualnie obowiązującego reżimu wprowadzonego przez ustawodawcę unijnego w dyrektywieo znakach towarowych oraz w rozporządzeniu o znaku towarowym Unii Europejskiej wypadadokonać analizy fundamentalnego pojęcia znaku renomowanego, jak i pojęcia znaku powszechnieznanego. Następnie analizie poddano przesłanki naruszenia prawa do znaku renomowanegowspólne dla wszystkich postaci naruszenia: w pierwszej kolejności przesłanki pozytywne,w szczególności przesłankę powstania w świadomości odbiorców związku pomiędzy znakiemrenomowanym i spornym oznaczeniem, w drugiej kolejności, przesłanki negatywne, w szczególnościwyjątek uzasadnionej przyczyny używania znaku. Rozprawa przedstawia poszczególne postacinaruszenia prawa do znaku renomowanego uznane w obecnym stanie prawnym: szkodę dlaodróżniającego charakteru (rozwodnienie), szkodę dla renomy (degradację) oraz nienależnąkorzyść czerpaną z odróżniającego charakteru lub renomy znaku. Zgodnie z tezą bronioną w pracy,wszystkie postaci naruszenia prawa do znaku renomowanego służą odrębnym celom i są niezależnewobec siebie, pozwalając sankcjonować różne przypadki używania znaków renomowanych przezosoby trzecie. Ponadto reżim szczególnej ochrony jest w rozprawie sytuowany na tle ogólnychprzepisów prawa, z jednej strony, ogólnego prawa znaków towarowych, poprzez odróżnienierozszerzonej ochrony od hipotezy ryzyka konfuzji, z drugiej strony, przepisów ogólnychprzewidujących sankcje wobec działań charakteryzujących pasożytnictwo, które uzupełniająochronę przyznaną uprawnionym na gruncie prawa do znaku renomowanego. W pracy poddanorównież analizie problematykę odpowiedzialności majątkowej za naruszenie prawa do znakurenomowanego, biorąc pod uwagę postać naruszenia wykazaną przez uprawnionego.

The thesis investigates the concept of trademark dilution under international and regional trademark law, and under the laws of selected jurisdictions; namely, the United States of America, Germany, the United Kingdom and the Republic of South Africa. The investigation includes measures undertaken to prohibit the internet-based dilution of famous marks through the registration of confusingly similar domain names. It is noted that dilution is imprecisely formulated under international trademark treaty law. In fact, the term "dilution" does not appear in international trademark treaties. To fill the gap of international trademark treaties, various policy initiatives, or `soft law' have been developed, which to some extent clarify both the concept of dilution, the type of mark protected from dilution, and the scope of such protection. The problem is that the policy initiatives are non-binding on States, so that different States have adopted different common law and statutory approaches to the protection of marks against dilution. This is demonstrated, for example, by the fact that the European Union and its Member States provide protection from dilution to "marks with a reputation", while the United States of America provides such protection only to "famous" marks, and the Republic of South Africa protects "marks which are well-known in the Republic" from dilution. The thesis analyses the protection granted in these jurisdictions, to determine the similarities and differences of approach, and to make appropriate law reform proposals to achieve uniformity of protection. In the final analysis, it is concluded that the burden of enforcing dilution provisions rest on the judiciary. This being so, the judiciary is urged to engage in a balancing exercise in deciding dilution cases. The courts should recognize that dilution provisions are powerful tools at the disposal of owners of trademarks with advertising value. At the same time, the courts should be steadfast in ensuring that protection from dilution does not stultify freedom of trade, or create absolute monopolies or a form of copyright in a trademark. / Jurisprudence / LL.D.

The thesis investigates the concept of trademark dilution under international and regional trademark law, and under the laws of selected jurisdictions; namely, the United States of America, Germany, the United Kingdom and the Republic of South Africa. The investigation includes measures undertaken to prohibit the internet-based dilution of famous marks through the registration of confusingly similar domain names. It is noted that dilution is imprecisely formulated under international trademark treaty law. In fact, the term "dilution" does not appear in international trademark treaties. To fill the gap of international trademark treaties, various policy initiatives, or `soft law' have been developed, which to some extent clarify both the concept of dilution, the type of mark protected from dilution, and the scope of such protection. The problem is that the policy initiatives are non-binding on States, so that different States have adopted different common law and statutory approaches to the protection of marks against dilution. This is demonstrated, for example, by the fact that the European Union and its Member States provide protection from dilution to "marks with a reputation", while the United States of America provides such protection only to "famous" marks, and the Republic of South Africa protects "marks which are well-known in the Republic" from dilution. The thesis analyses the protection granted in these jurisdictions, to determine the similarities and differences of approach, and to make appropriate law reform proposals to achieve uniformity of protection. In the final analysis, it is concluded that the burden of enforcing dilution provisions rest on the judiciary. This being so, the judiciary is urged to engage in a balancing exercise in deciding dilution cases. The courts should recognize that dilution provisions are powerful tools at the disposal of owners of trademarks with advertising value. At the same time, the courts should be steadfast in ensuring that protection from dilution does not stultify freedom of trade, or create absolute monopolies or a form of copyright in a trademark. / Jurisprudence / LL.D.

Abstract Syftet med denna uppsats är att med hjälp av närläsning, analysera Växjö fattigstyrelses protokoll och föredragningslistor med rapporter. Ambitionen har varit att försöka urskilja vilka individer som var i kontakt med fattigvårdsstyrelsen och vilka ärenden de hade. Vidare också om vem som sågs som rätt respektive orätt fattig och vad för värderingar som kunde skönjas i materialet. Likaså om vilka makt- och kontrollfunktioner som utövades av Fattigvårdsstyrelsen och de som var knutna till den. Det vill säga hur makten kom att manifisteras. Ambitionen har också varit att pröva min hypotes om att gifta och ogifta kvinnor och deras barn behandlades olika och där de sistnämndas vandel påverkar deras möjligheter till ersättning negativt. Materialet analyserades utifrån ett barn-, familje och maktperspektiv i ljuset av Michel Foucaults teori om normalitet och avvikelse. Källmaterialet har bestått av rapporter, föredragningslistor och framförallt protokoll från Växjö Fattigvårdsstyrelse för åren 1857, 1876 och 1919. Denna undersökning visar bland annat att familjernas vandel påverkade utfallet av ansökningarna till Fattigvårdsstyrelsen. Exempelvis behandlades ogifta kvinnor och deras barn sämre än gifta kvinnor och änkor. Vidare visar resultaten att de klienter som var i kontakt med fattigvården fick redovisa allt vad de ägde och tjänade och de fick endast ersättning för existentiella behov i form av pengar till mat, kläder, konfirmationskläder, skodon, bränsle och i enskilda fall även till begravningskostnader. De klienter som var i kontakt med Fattigvårdsstyrelsen var främst ensamma familjeförsörjare som av olika skäl hade svårigheter med att försörja sina familjer, fosterföräldrar som begärde högre fosterlega eller klienter vars omgivning skickat in skrivelser om barn de misstänkte for illa.   Nyckelord: Ogifta [unmarried], gifta [married], oäkta barn [bastards], fosterbarn [foster children], vandel [repute], fattigvård [poorhouse], normalitet [normality], avvikande [abnormal], värderingar [values]