Housing is a basic requirement for all individuals in every country. Being one of the main tools of urban planning, housing contains different social, economic, psychological, and design aspects, and it attracts attention of different disciplines. A review of the theoretical models, data, and empirical methods reveals deficiencies in all areas of housing sector in Turkey. Especially, there is an important gap in the literature about housing tenure choice. A new research agenda focusing on households&rsquo / tenure choice is needed with the help of models to be developed for this purpose. In this thesis, it is aimed to identify this model by focusing transition from tenancy to homeownership, and by choosing Ankara as the case study. The thesis has two main steps. In the first step, different economic ways of shifting from tenancy to homeownership is examined by using the data of Household Budget Survey (2003) from Turkish Statistical Institute. In the second step, the thesis examines effects of different socio-economic factors on the probability of shifting from tenancy to homeownership, and the way in which the impact of these drives might change with different forms of housing provision with the help of a survey carried out in Yenimahalle and &Ccedil / ankaya. Results of calculations show that housing credits do not offer new homeownership opportunity for households who are not able to purchase a dwelling by saving their incomes in Turkey. The first step illustrates that, households earning less than 1 000 TL per month have no chance to afford a dwelling in Ankara. However next step highlights an irregular mechanism which enables these households to shift to homeownership in Turkey.

In 2000 more than one fifth of Istanbul&rsquo / s population lived in a different place than their place of residence five years ago. If we consider that the 2000 population of Istanbul was around some 9.2 million, this figure means that nearly 2 million people were not living in 2000 where they used to live in 1995. Of these two million mobiles, more than half (11.5% of total) were intra-urban movers who moved from one district to another in Istanbul in the same period. Changing the place of residence can be seen as one of the major sources of changing in the socio-spatial composition of a city. In the case of Istanbul, intra-urban mobility or Residential Mobility is the major process that redistributes people in the city since the 1990s. In simplistic words, Residential Mobility is one of the fundamental decision making process which in turn is influenced by macro processes of economic, social and demographic changes in urban setting of a city which are also the determinants of urbanization, and the urban setting of a city is an outcome of mobility decisions of households at the aggregate level. In this regard, this study on residential mobility behaviours of households in Istanbul presents an avenue to further our understanding of the urbanization experience of Istanbul. In the broader context, this study focusses on the period between 1980 and 2000. It is well-known that the post-1980 period shows quite different urbanization setting from the former ones in terms of demographic, economic, political and socio-spatial settings in the world, as well as in Turkey. Within this backdrop, changing characteristics of population as that of economic structure provides unique backdrop to explore how residential mobility changes in metropolitan areas. Moreover, this study is an attempt to reach clear understanding of residential mobility which is one of the poorly understood and studied dynamics of Turkish urbanization.

During 2010 and 2011, a series of major earthquakes caused widespread damage in the city of Christchurch, New Zealand. The magnitude 6.3 quake in February 2011 caused 185 fatalities. In the ensuing months, the government progressively zoned residential land in Christchurch on the basis of its suitability for future occupation (considering damage from these quakes and future earthquake risk). Over 6,000 homes were placed in the ‘red-zone’, meaning that property owners were forced to sell their land to the Crown. This study analysed patterns of residential mobility amongst thirty-one red-zone households from the suburb of Southshore, Christchurch. Drawing on interviews and surveys, the research traced their experience from the zoning announcement until they had moved to a new residence. The research distinguished between short (before the zoning announcement) and long term (post the red zone ‘deadline’) forms of household relocation. The majority of households in the study were highly resistant to short term movement. Amongst those which did relocate before the zoning decision, the desire to maintain a valued social connection with a person outside of the earthquake environment was often an important factor. Some households also moved out of perceived necessity (e.g. due to lack of power or water). In terms of long-term relocation, concepts of affordability and safety were much more highly valued by the sample when purchasing post-quake property. This resulted in a distinct patterning of post-quake housing location choices. Perceived control over the moving process, relationship with government organisations and insurance companies, and time spent in the red-zone before moving all heavily influenced participants’ disaster experience. Contrary to previous studies, households in this study recorded higher levels of subjective well-being after relocating. The study proposed a typology of movers in the Christchurch post-disaster environment. Four mobility behaviours, or types, are identified: the Committed Stayers (CSs), the Environment Re-Creators (ERCs), the Resigned Acceptors (RAs), and the Opportunistic Movers (OMs). The CSs were defined by their immobility rather than their relocation aspirations, whilst the ERCs attempted to recreate or retain aspects of Southshore through their mobility. The RAs expressed a form of apathy towards the post-quake environment, whereas, on the other hand, the OMs moved relative to pre-earthquake plans, or opportunities that arose from the earthquake itself. Possibilities for further research include examining household adaptability to new residential environments and tracking further mobility patterns in the years following relocation from the red- zone.

This thesis examines residential relocation process within the Seoul Metropolitan Region (SMR) in the Republic of Korea at both a macro and micro level. The thesis makes theoretical and methodological contributions to residential mobility, housing vacancy chains and location choice behaviour in urban geography. The empirical study specifically focused on the relationship between housing opportunity and residential relocation process in the SMR during the 1990s. In developing countries, large scale suburban land and housing development on the fringe of metropolitan areas is seen as an important issue in the process of rapid urbanization and capital accumulation. This is particularly true of Korea where the population of the capital city, Seoul (SCC) has declined since the introduction of massive scale of new suburban housing developments in the 1990s. This is the first time the SCC’s population has decreased in Korean modern history. However there is still debate about the impact of government proposed suburban new housing construction initiatives on residential relocation within the SMR. In addition there remain uncertainties concerning the impact of large suburban housing development on residential relocation behaviour. To date little evaluation of outcomes of the policies has been undertaken, a deficiency which this research seeks to address. Like other capital cities in the developing world, Seoul (SCC) has undergone significant urban expansion throughout its contemporary history, fuelled by the movement of refugees from North Korea in the period immediately following the end of the Korean War (1953) and by significant rural-to-urban, and later by intra urban movement. The SCC, in particular grew significantly, with the metropolitan area of Seoul soon expanding beyond its borders in a process akin to suburbanisation. The rapid urban growth in the Seoul Metropolitan Region (SMR) was accompanied by a series of urban problems including housing shortages, a decline in housing and urban quality, and the concentration of population in large cities, especially in the SCC. To counter these problems the national government in the Republic of Korea initiated a series of policies. Most prominently among these was a massive scale new housing development program initiated in 1988, aimed at developing large scale new satellite cites in Kyonggi, with the objective of decentralising the SCC’s population and thus alleviating an urban housing shortage. This research focuses on two main issues charactering contemporary housing and land development policies in the SMR. The first relates to government efforts to redirect migration from the capital city, Seoul, to the outlying jurisdictions of Kyonggi and Inchon in an attempt to diffuse the concentration of population in the SCC and to alleviate housing shortages. The second issue concerns the determinants of residential mobility and residential location choice behaviour in the SMR. Mirroring the two issues, two approaches have been used to address these issues: a macro level study of residential relocation and a micro behavioural analysis. At macro level the research attempts to measure the impact of new housing developments on easing urban housing markets in the SMR during the 1990s, notwithstanding the continuous population movement from other regions in the Republic of Korea. The macro investigation addresses the questions: • What are the changes in spatial mobility patterns occurring in the SMR since the introduction of government’s suburban residential developments? • Are the size of housing vacancy chains different by spatial mobility patterns among the three regional housing markets in the SMR? Multi-regional vacancy chain models are used to examine whether vacant housing opportunity spills over into neighbouring regions in the SMR, particularly the city of Seoul. The models focus mainly on the structural determinants of household mobility, such as local new housing construction, household formation, household mobility rate and demolition rate, and their role in creating and absorbing vacant housing opportunities in the three jurisdictions comprising the SMR: Seoul (SCC), Kyonggi and Inchon. The vacancy chain analysis uses a Markov chain model and Leontief input-output model to assess the impact of these structural differentials on household mobility in the multiregional system of the SMR. This macro study provides a structural framework for the subsequent micro behavioural approach to residential mobility occurring in the SMR. The micro behavioural approach investigates the following questions: • What are the socio demographic profiles of people who relocate within the SMR?’ • What are the housing transitions that occur after moving to regions of the SCC in the SMR? • What are the reasons households give for moving within the SMR? This micro approach focuses on the behavioural aspects of residential mobility decision process as influenced by age, marital status, employment status, education level, duration of residence, dwelling size and tenure status. Apart from the mover’s socio demographic profile, the study further investigates longitudinal housing transitions before and after a move by their origin and destination within the SMR, particularly those movers who relocated to suburban rings (Kyonggi/Inchon). However the reasons for movers to choose a particular location vary and they are socio demographically diverse. The research also discusses these behavioural reasons for moving within the SMR.

This thesis examines residential relocation process within the Seoul Metropolitan Region (SMR) in the Republic of Korea at both a macro and micro level. The thesis makes theoretical and methodological contributions to residential mobility, housing vacancy chains and location choice behaviour in urban geography. The empirical study specifically focused on the relationship between housing opportunity and residential relocation process in the SMR during the 1990s. In developing countries, large scale suburban land and housing development on the fringe of metropolitan areas is seen as an important issue in the process of rapid urbanization and capital accumulation. This is particularly true of Korea where the population of the capital city, Seoul (SCC) has declined since the introduction of massive scale of new suburban housing developments in the 1990s. This is the first time the SCC’s population has decreased in Korean modern history. However there is still debate about the impact of government proposed suburban new housing construction initiatives on residential relocation within the SMR. In addition there remain uncertainties concerning the impact of large suburban housing development on residential relocation behaviour. To date little evaluation of outcomes of the policies has been undertaken, a deficiency which this research seeks to address. Like other capital cities in the developing world, Seoul (SCC) has undergone significant urban expansion throughout its contemporary history, fuelled by the movement of refugees from North Korea in the period immediately following the end of the Korean War (1953) and by significant rural-to-urban, and later by intra urban movement. The SCC, in particular grew significantly, with the metropolitan area of Seoul soon expanding beyond its borders in a process akin to suburbanisation. The rapid urban growth in the Seoul Metropolitan Region (SMR) was accompanied by a series of urban problems including housing shortages, a decline in housing and urban quality, and the concentration of population in large cities, especially in the SCC. To counter these problems the national government in the Republic of Korea initiated a series of policies. Most prominently among these was a massive scale new housing development program initiated in 1988, aimed at developing large scale new satellite cites in Kyonggi, with the objective of decentralising the SCC’s population and thus alleviating an urban housing shortage. This research focuses on two main issues charactering contemporary housing and land development policies in the SMR. The first relates to government efforts to redirect migration from the capital city, Seoul, to the outlying jurisdictions of Kyonggi and Inchon in an attempt to diffuse the concentration of population in the SCC and to alleviate housing shortages. The second issue concerns the determinants of residential mobility and residential location choice behaviour in the SMR. Mirroring the two issues, two approaches have been used to address these issues: a macro level study of residential relocation and a micro behavioural analysis. At macro level the research attempts to measure the impact of new housing developments on easing urban housing markets in the SMR during the 1990s, notwithstanding the continuous population movement from other regions in the Republic of Korea. The macro investigation addresses the questions: • What are the changes in spatial mobility patterns occurring in the SMR since the introduction of government’s suburban residential developments? • Are the size of housing vacancy chains different by spatial mobility patterns among the three regional housing markets in the SMR? Multi-regional vacancy chain models are used to examine whether vacant housing opportunity spills over into neighbouring regions in the SMR, particularly the city of Seoul. The models focus mainly on the structural determinants of household mobility, such as local new housing construction, household formation, household mobility rate and demolition rate, and their role in creating and absorbing vacant housing opportunities in the three jurisdictions comprising the SMR: Seoul (SCC), Kyonggi and Inchon. The vacancy chain analysis uses a Markov chain model and Leontief input-output model to assess the impact of these structural differentials on household mobility in the multiregional system of the SMR. This macro study provides a structural framework for the subsequent micro behavioural approach to residential mobility occurring in the SMR. The micro behavioural approach investigates the following questions: • What are the socio demographic profiles of people who relocate within the SMR?’ • What are the housing transitions that occur after moving to regions of the SCC in the SMR? • What are the reasons households give for moving within the SMR? This micro approach focuses on the behavioural aspects of residential mobility decision process as influenced by age, marital status, employment status, education level, duration of residence, dwelling size and tenure status. Apart from the mover’s socio demographic profile, the study further investigates longitudinal housing transitions before and after a move by their origin and destination within the SMR, particularly those movers who relocated to suburban rings (Kyonggi/Inchon). However the reasons for movers to choose a particular location vary and they are socio demographically diverse. The research also discusses these behavioural reasons for moving within the SMR.

Thesis (M.A.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Anthropology, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: José Marcos Pinto da Cunha / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T13:25:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dota_EdnelsonMariano_M.pdf: 2248272 bytes, checksum: 9067407a1751b9f8aca3970835868845 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A mobilidade espacial da população é um dos mais importantes componentes do crescimento demográfico das metrópoles, tanto para as mais antigas quanto para as mais recentes, como a RM de Campinas. A migração, entretanto, é um fenômeno com estreitas relações com a conjuntura demográfica e econômica de determinado momento histórico, ou seja, não pode ser entendida isoladamente sem que se considere essa conjuntura em nível local, regional e nacional. A RM de Campinas deve à migração parte preponderante do seu volume populacional, onde desde a década 70 os fluxos alcançaram volume relevante e apresentaram importantes modificações ao longo destes últimos 40 anos. A redução do crescimento demográfico observado nas últimas décadas, paralelamente à redução das migrações de longa distância, coloca em evidência as modalidades migratória de curta distância, que estão diretamente associadas ao crescimento demográfico e a expansão urbana dos municípios metropolitanos. Entretanto, essa migração não ocorre aleatoriamente entre os municípios, mas é direcionada através do processo de produção do espaço urbano, ou seja, responde a fatores amplos, que fogem do escopo social e da decisão à nível individual, ao menos da população pobre. Portanto, essa dissertação analisa as motivações da migração e sua implicação para os migrantes no âmbito da RM de Campinas, buscando compreender esses diferenciais segundo as modalidades migratórias (intrametropolitanos e externos) e os principais fluxos, que explicam a manutenção desta região como o principal pólo atrativo de população do Estado de São Paulo / Abstract: The spatial mobility of population is one of the most important components of demographic metropolitan growth, both for older and for the most recent, such as Metropolitan Region of Campinas. Migration, however, is a phenomenon with close relations to the conjuncture of economic and demographic specific historical moment, and can not be understood in isolation, without considering the situation at local, regional and national level. The Metropolitan Region of Campinas owes to migration the major part of their population volume, where since the 70's, the flow reached a relevant volume and showed important changes over the last 40 years. The reduction of population growth in recent decades in parallel with the reduction of long-distance migrations put in evidence the modalities of short-distance migration, which are directly linked to population growth and urban sprawl of metropolitan municipalities. However, this migration does not occur randomly among the municipalities, but is routed through the production process of urban space, and responds the broad factors that are beyond the social scope and the decision an individual level, at least for the poor. Therefore, this dissertation examines the motivations of migration and its implications for migrants within the RM of Campinas, trying to understand these differences according to the migration modalities (intrametropolitan and external) and the main flow, which explain the maintenance of this region as the main attraction pole population of State of São Paulo. / Mestrado / Demografia / Mestre em Demografia

Orientador: Jose Marcos Pinto da Cunha / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T12:20:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manfredo_MariaTeresa_M.pdf: 1412578 bytes, checksum: 53233044cea3d5513376ed11db43f43f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar sociologicamente os processos envolvidos na produção do espaço urbano do município de Hortolândia, os quais estão associados ao crescimento e estruturação da Região Metropolitana de Campinas. Escolhemos essa metrópole devido à sua significância em termos populacionais, à sua importância no cenário econômico paulista e ao fato de sua formação apresentar singularidades devido ao momento em que se dá sua emergência. Dentro dela Hortolândia se destaca porque, além de ser marcada por ter precária infra-estrutura urbana e por abrigar indústrias de grande porte, é um dos municípios que mais recebe migrantes, tendo uma configuração espacial dispersa e rarefeita. O entendimento da produção de seu espaço urbano passa pela história social, política e econômica recente. Ademais, introduzimos na abordagem da produção do espaço urbano o processo da mobilidade espacial, já que acreditamos que, se as relações sociais produzem o espaço (ao mesmo tempo em que são condicionadas por ele), também, a dinâmica urbana condiciona e induz os deslocamentos residenciais; estes, alteram ou reforçam o padrão de produção espacial. Assim, utilizamos dados censitários referentes ao perfil da população e condições de moradia, revelando tendências estreitamente relacionadas com a produção do espaço urbano. Tentamos, portanto, desenvolver uma discussão em que diversos processos fossem considerados, permitindo a compreensão do que significa o espaço construído e suas características, como dados concretos da realização social (econômica, política, ideológica, cotidiana) e, também, como uma realidade em transformação / Abstract: This study aims to analyse sociologically the process involved into the production of urban space in Hortolândia, which is associated to the growth and structuring of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas. We choose this metropolis due to its populational importance, economic relevance in paulista scenery and singular formation due to the moment of its emergence. In this region, Hortolândia is pointed out because, besides its precarious urban infra-structure and by receiving important industries, it is one of the biggest receptors of migrants, by presenting a disperse spatial and rarefied configuration. The comprehension of the production of its urban space should consider the recent social, political and economic history. Moreover, we introduce in the urban space the perspective of production process of spatial mobility, once we believe if the social relationships produce the space (and, concomitantly, are influenced by its), also, the urban dynamic influences and induces the spatial mobility; which changes or reinforces the spatial production standards. Therefore, we utilize data of demographics census concerned to the population profile and the habitations characters, by showing the restrict tendencies related to the production of urban space. We tried, thus, to develop a debate where different process have being considered, by permitting the comprehension to the signification of the building space and its characters, like concrete data of the social reality (economic, political, ideological, quotidian) and, also, like a reality into transformation / Mestrado / Mestre em Sociologia

Foreigners within Karlovy Vary urban region: spatial distribution and influences on local environment Due to exceptional migration characteristics of Czechia among CEE countries and entire EU, foreigners are becoming more and more important component of population of our cities. This fact implies the growing importance of foreign population as an agent in process of shaping the lived space. The aim of this diploma thesis is the presence of foreigners within the urban region and broader environs of Karlovy Vary - which currently is a city with one of the highest proportions of foreign population in entire Czechia. Migration characteristics and mobility of population of area are analysed with emphasis on foreigners. Subsequently patterns of spatial distribution of significant groups of foreigners are explained on various levels, based on unique unpublished data from Czech Foreign police office. Then the core section of empirical part is the analysis of influence of foreign inhabitants on the local environment, which stems from detailed field research carried out by the author. The work varies between urban and migration studies and theoretically is roofed by concepts of socio-spatial differentiation and residential mobility. From methodical point of view, the author claims and affiliation to the...

Evidence of physical decline due in part to the rapid encroachment of commercial and industrial activity into some of Portland's residential areas in the mid-1960s and efforts to combat the forces of time and change through neighborhood revitalization provide the basis for this study. Additionally, some of the characteristics often employed in explaining the phenomenon in cities are manifested in the city of Portland. For example, Portland is endowed with a distinctive and well established downtown area that provides opportunities for the establishment of businesses as well as white-collar job opportunities. By the standards of the U.S. Bureau of the Census, Portland has a relatively large population and several older neighborhoods. The city provides its residents the feel for inner-city living, such as its beautiful waterfront scenery, its high-rise and park block apartments, its cultural facilities and unique transit mall. These criteria underscore the selection of Portland as the geographical area of this research. The purpose of this research itself is to assess the urban structural changes that occurred in Portland between 1970 and 1980. The research used a sample of inner-city neighborhoods from the city to explain these structural changes over time. Additionally, two samples of neighborhoods (Northeast and Southeast) within the city were selected as the basis for comparing the structural changes. The data developed from the 1970 and 1980 census of population and housing characteristics comprised the change in the median household income ratio, the change in the home value ratio, and the change in the median rent ratio designated as dependent variables. Nine independent variables representing the pre-existing conditions in the city at the start of the decade were selected from locational, demographic, and housing factors. The research hypotheses were tested by regresslng the three dependent variables against the nine independent variables resulting in three regression models for each sample. The a priori expectations as reflected by the signs of the coefficients show mixed support for the hypotheses in each sample in predicted direction, and in level of significance. In the city sample the neighborhood housing quality factor was observed to have a strong positive causal relationship with neighborhood revitalization. The outcome confirmed the contention that a significant and systematic reverse revival trend occurred in Portland at the start of the 1970 decade. This finding contradicts the conventional invasion-succession theory associated with Burgess (1925). Similar reverse revival trends were observed in the Northeast and Southeast samples. But unlike the city sample the race factor had a strong positive causal relationship with revitalization. The outcome may be a reflection of the rental squeeze in terms of housing affordability faced by black renters in both subareas because their incomes could not keep pace with housing costs. Consequently their demand for rental housing may have grown faster than the supply of the rental housing stock in a segregated rental market. The chow tests show significant structural differences between the two submodels, but the impact of the race factor as reflected by the measures of relative variability was greater in Northeast Portland than in Southeast Portland. In light of the research findings, this study concludes that Portland may undoubtedly be the only city in the nation that experienced a significant and systematic revival trend between 1970 and 1980. However, this trend did not extend to the predominantly black areas of the city as reflected by the strong negative outcome of the race factor. In addition, the functional significance of the systematic revival trend in Portland may not be substantial when compared to larger and older cities like St. Louis and New Orleans that received media attention for a similar trend.