Depuis la loi du 1er août 2003 d’orientation et de programmation pour la ville et la rénovation urbaine, les quartiers dits « sensibles » des agglomérations françaises sont engagés dans un vaste programme de transformation, présenté par son concepteur, Jean-Louis Borloo, comme le plus grand chantier du siècle. Localement, les projets de rénovation urbaine s’appuient sur des opérations urbanistiques – démolition, réhabilitation, construction de logements – qui suscitent des mobilités résidentielles plus ou moins contraintes et organisées par les acteurs engagés dans les projets. Cette thèse pose la question de l’impact de ces opérations dans l’évolution des quartiers, replacés dans une perspective temporelle plus longue. Y a-t-il rupture radicale dans les dynamiques observées à moyen terme ? Quels sont les effets des transformations physiques et des mobilités résidentielles induites sur la composition sociale des quartiers rénovés ? À l’aide d’une démarche inductive et pragmatique partant de la comparaison de quatre sites en rénovation, et d’une analyse statistique, ce travail de recherche interroge l’effet de lieu dans la rénovation urbaine. Les conclusions mettent en évidence que des phénomènes structurels (parc de logements initial, contexte géographique et social) contraignent fortement l’évolution des sites, et que les mobilités résidentielles se traduisent par une reconcentration des populations précaires dans des quartiers de plus en plus fragmentés. / In 2003, a landmark enactment was passed in France to fight urban blight. Since then, the French government is engaged in a policy of major urban renewal that targets run-down neighborhoods in central or peripheral urban areas. Local projects consist in refurbishing existing buildings or in tearing down and rebuilding old ones, as a way to promote spatial and social changes. Those programs induce different types of residential mobility, from mandatory mobility implemented by local players, to mobility that is more spontaneous. This thesis addresses the impact of those projects upon the evolution of the targeted areas, studied on a middle-term basis. Do the spatial and social dynamics of those areas radically change? What are the social consequences of the transformations of the built environment and of residential mobility? Our approach is inductive, and pragmatic. The comparison of four projects, statistically studied, allows us to test the hypothesis of an impact of place on urban renewal. As the result of our analysis, structural facts, such as housing stock, or social and geographical contexts, appear to be determining factors of the evolution of the studied areas. Residential mobility tends to re-concentrate disadvantaged people, thus increasing spatial fragmentation – which does not match the initial goals of the 2003 law.

Qu’elle soit présentée comme un outil privilégié de gestion des ressources humaines ou comme une solution aux dysfonctionnements du marché du travail, la mobilité résidentielle des salariés est au cœur d’un faisceau d’injonctions qui ignorent les conceptions de l’habiter fondées sur la stabilité et l’ancrage dans les lieux. Cette thèse propose d’étudier la façon dont les individus articulent leurs mobilités résidentielles et professionnelles en croisant des dispositifs d’enquête quantitative et qualitative. Les mobilités résidentielles en France ne sont pas plus fréquentes qu’à la fin des années 1960, et elles coïncident autant avec des mobilités professionnelles ascendantes que descendantes. Se pose alors la question des logiques sociales d’émergence et de résolution de la mobilité résidentielle. La mobilité des salariés est un dispositif de gestion des ressources humaines qu’il faut confronter aux logiques sociales de l’ancrage dans les territoires. Les mobiles doivent faire une difficile « entrée en territoire » dont on a étudié la résolution en observant le travail d’intermédiation d’acteurs marchands, les sociétés de « relocation ». Un marché de l’accompagnement à la mobilité émerge difficilement, et sa dynamique concurrentielle atypique impacte la conciliation de la vie privée et de la vie professionnelle des salariés. / Be it a human resources management device or a solution to labor market dysfunctions, employee residential mobility is the focus of a range of injunctions that ignore dwelling conceptions based on stability and mooring in places. This thesis aims to study the way individuals articulate their residential and professional mobilities by crossing quantitative and qualitative research. Residential mobilities in France are not higher now than in the 1960’s, and are coincident with upward as well as downward social mobilities. The issue is raised to study the social logics of the triggering and the resolving of mobility. Relocation is a human resources management device that has to be confronted to the social logics of territorial moorings. Relocated employees have to “enter territories”. This “entering” has be studied through the market intermediation activity of relocation service providers. A relocation market slowly emerges, and its atypical competition dynamics has a strong influence on how employees conciliate private life and work life

Dans un contexte de vieillissement démographique, la question de l’habitat des personnes âgées est centrale. Cette thèse, réalisée dans le cadre d’une convention Industrielle de Formation par la Recherche (CIFRE), traite spécifiquement des logements-foyers pour les personnes de plus de 60 ans, nouvellement appelés « résidences autonomie » par la loi d’Adaptation de la Société au Vieillissement. Elle interroge le caractère intermédiaire de ces établissements au prisme des politiques publiques et des trajectoires individuelles par une approche en sociologie politique et en mobilisant la notion de parcours résidentiel comme outil heuristique. L’enjeu de cette recherche est de mettre en évidence la spécificité et la complexité d’une offre d’habitat en pleine mutation. Nous posons comme hypothèse principale que la situation intermédiaire des logements-foyers est plurielle et révèle les points de tension auxquels ce modèle d’habitat est confronté. Cette thèse présente, dans un premier temps, la construction et l’évolution des politiques relatives aux logements-foyers et y apporte un éclairage européen. Dans un deuxième temps, elle analyse le statut hybride de ces habitats entre établissement médico-social et logement social et s’attache à situer ces structures parmi l’ensemble de l’offre d’habitat intermédiaire en France. Dans un troisième temps, est étudié l’ancrage des logements-foyers dans les parcours résidentiels des personnes âgées. Cette recherche est abordée à travers une approche par regards croisés permettant de recueillir les discours des différents acteurs du secteur (personnes âgées, professionnels et institutionnels) et mobilise une méthode qualitative par entretiens, observations et analyse documentaire. Nous montrons ainsi que la situation intermédiaire des logements-foyers s’explique par une construction incrémentale des politiques publiques. L’intermédiarité de ces structures leur est spécifique et complexifie leur reconnaissance et leur fonctionnement quotidien. Leurs résidents se trouvent ainsi plus concernés par la notion de filière que de parcours résidentiel. / In a context of an aging population, the issue of housing the elderly has become crucial. This PhD thesis, developed in the framework of a CIFRE contract (Industrial Conventions of Training through Research), tackles the issue of sheltered housing for people above 60, referred to as “résidences autonomie” (“homes for an independent life”) in the new French law on aging. It analyzes the transitional nature of such housing from the public policy and the individual points of view, through a political sociology approach and mobilizing the notion of residential process as a heuristic tool. The purpose of this research is to highlight the specificity and complexity of a housing model currently undergoing important changes. Our main hypothesis is that the transitional nature of sheltered housing is diverse and reveals the stress points the model faces. First, we discuss the development and evolution of sheltered housing policies, and present a European overview. Second, the hybrid nature of such housing, halfway between social health-care institutions and social housing, is analyzed and put back into the whole transitional housing offer in France. Third, we focus on the place of sheltered housing in the residential path of senior citizens. We have used a crossover approach, collecting viewpoints from the sector’s various actors –elderly people, professional workers, and public representatives–, as well as a qualitative method including interviews, observations and literature review. By doing so, we highlight the fact the transitional nature of sheltered housing finds its roots in the incremental construction of public policies. The transitional nature of these establishments is specific to them, and complicates their acknowledgement and daily operation. As a result, residents are faced with a linear housing model rather than actual residential mobility.

Orientadores: Maria Lucia Galves, Maria Teresa Françoso / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T05:01:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sousa_MarcosTimoteoRodriguesde_M.pdf: 5329448 bytes, checksum: 2fd9510455f74df9cccf6dc291a4a17a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a mobilidade e a acessibilidade para o transporte coletivo. A mobilidade está vinculada aos aspectos socioeconômicos da população. A acessibilidade está relacionada ao uso do solo e a forma urbana, ambas envolvidas no processo funcional da cidade. Os moradores de bairros suburbanos, que utilizam o transporte coletivo, possuem sérios problemas de acesso às áreas centrais da cidade. Tais problemas surgem com maior intensidade quando se verificam as grandes migrações pendulares. A pouca infra-estrutura dos bairros, aliada à baixa renda da população, ocasiona sérios problemas de mobilidade e acessibilidade. Para realizar esta análise foi escolhido, como estudo de caso, o bairro Jardim São João, no município de Guarulhos, caracterizado pela escassez de equipamentos urbanos e por problemas de transporte público. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas pessoais, realizadas no período de dezembro de 2002 a maio de 2003, em horário de pico, nos pontos inicial e final de duas linhas, o que permitiu uma escolha melhor dos entrevistados. Optou-se por entrevistar apenas moradores do bairro Jardim São João, ou seja, as pessoas que têm origem e destino no bairro e que tinham como destino o trabalho. A partir destes dados foi possível estimar o número de empregos atingidos por dia e por linha de ônibus. Conclui-se que os problemas relacionados a mobilidade e a acessibilidade não afetam, diretamente, a freqüência das viagens entre o Bairro São João e os centros de Guarulhos e São Paulo. Pode-se constar que há um descontentamento em relação ao tempo excessivo de espera nos pontos de parada e dos itinerários. Há também queixas em relação aos custos, segurança e conforto. Nota-se que os direitos dos moradores do bairro Jardim São João está abalado. A participação efetiva destes moradores, na vida social, política e econômica da cidade é prejudicada / Abstract: This research has the objective of analyze the mobility and accessibility for the public transportation. The mobility is related to the social economics aspects of the population. The accessibility is related to the use of the ground and urban shape, both involved in the functional process of the city. The people living in the suburbs, that use the public transportation, own a lot of serious problems to get to the main parts of the cities. These problems can be noticed by the migration seen to the main parts of the city the poor. Of some areas, plus the low income of the population, end up with serious problems of mobility and accessibility. To make this research it was chosen, as a case of study, the area called Jardim São João, in the county of Guarulhos, known by its lack of equipment's land by its public transportation problems. The dates were collected by personal interviews, realized from December 2002 to may 2003, in the rush time, from the initial to the final of the two lines, which allowed a better way for choosing the interviews; we opted by interview just the people living in the area called Jardim São João, therefore; people have their origin and destiny, in the area that they as a destiny. From those dates it was possible to estimate the numbers of jobs reached per day and per bus line. We come to understand that all of the problems related to the mobility and accessibility don't affect, directly in the trips between the area São João and others main parts of Guarulhos and São Paulo, we can see that the quality of trip is being damaged. Therefore, people living in these areas don't quit on commuting to downtown. Choose or are obligated to move in local ways. There is a not pleasant relation to the waiting time at the bus stop. They're also complaints about the costs, security and comfort. The right from the people living in the area Jardim São João is touched. The participation there, in the social life, political and economic of the city is damaged. / Mestrado / Transportes / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Orientador: Jose Marcos Pinto da Cunha / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T09:19:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cunha_TiagoAugustoda_M.pdf: 915729 bytes, checksum: 1d63b8fb0b796f51b0b6b25036bdcc17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Diversos estudos reconhecem a importância dos movimentos migratórios nos processos de redistribuição espacial da população e expansão socioespacial das grandes aglomerações urbanas, em especial aquelas de caráter metropolitano. No caso brasileiro, a mobilidade espacial da população tem sido analisada, sobretudo a partir da consideração dos elementos estruturais que a condicionam e das principais motivações que levam a tais deslocamentos. No entanto, ainda muito pouco foi dito sobre as relações entre a migração de mais curta distância e as redes sociais, ou a aquisição ou perda de capital social. A noção de redes sociais tem sido utilizada desde o início da década de 60, enquanto que a noção de capital social é comparativamente mais recente, tendo sido utilizada e desenvolvida muito mais a partir da década de 80. No entanto, em ambos os casos, a utilização é muito mais freqüente em estudos sobre migração internacional, deixando, portanto, uma importante lacuna no caso dos movimentos migratórios internos, principalmente aqueles de curta distância, como são os intrametropolitanos. O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para o preenchimento dessa lacuna. Para tanto, é realizado um estudo para a Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista (RMBS) com base nos dados provenientes de uma pesquisa domiciliar realizada em 2007 que, além de grande detalhamento da mobilidade da população na região, também levanta informações interessantes para se analisar vários elementos relativos à atuação das redes sociais no processo migratório, assim como algumas formas de capital social de que dispõe as pessoas e famílias na metrópole. Os resultados não apenas reforçam a importância da migração no crescimento demográfico e expansão territorial da RMBS, mas também a importância das redes sociais no comportamento do fenômeno. Também fica claro que os movimentos migratórios, particularmente os intrametropolitanos impactam não apenas a quantidade como a qualidade do capital social dos indivíduos e famílias / Abstract: Several studies recognize the importance of migration in the processes of spatial redistribution of population and socio-spatial expansion of major cities, especially those with metropolitan character. In Brazil, the geographical mobility of the population has been analyzed both from the consideration of the structural elements and main motivations that lead to such movements. However, very little has been said about the relationship between the short distance migration and social networks and social capital. The concept of social networks has been used since the early 60's, while the notion of social capital is comparatively recent, having been used and developed more from the 80's. However, in both cases, the use is more common in studies on international migration, and therefore leaves an important gap in the case of internal migration, especially those of short-distance, as intrametropolitan migration. The objective of this work is to contribute to filling this gap. In order to do that, we conducted a study for the Metropolitan Area of Baixada Santista (MABS), based on data from a survey conducted in 2007. This data base give us fine detail on population mobility in the region and raises some interesting information to analyze elements relating to the impact of social networks in the migration process, as well as some forms of social capital available to individuals and families. The results not only reinforced the importance of migration in the demographic growth and territorial expansion of RMBS, but also the impact of social networks on the phenomenon. It was also clear that migration, particularly the intrametropolitan migration, impacts the quantity and quality of social capital available for individuals and families / Mestrado / Mestre em Demografia

A dissertação propõe o estudo da cultura material - representada pela arquitetura e indumentária - de sociedades que mantém ou em algum momento tiveram comportamentos nômades. A pesquisa se ocupa de corpos que estão em movimento, marcados por ritos e exposto a condições ambientais extremas; vestuários e acessórios feitos sob medida e imbuídos de poderes sobrenaturais e habitações conscientes de sua efemeridade. Seu objetivo geral é estudar as inter-relações que se estabelecem através de suportes efêmeros como as habitações e trajes. Em específico ela busca conhecer os processos de produção do espaço da habitação nômade; apreender e identificar o processo de concepção, confecção e uso dos vestuários; perceber a importância das manifestações da cultura material nômade para a sua identidade e estética e procurar similaridades construtivas, visuais e estéticas entre vestes e abrigos nômades. A dissertação é o resultado da revisão bibliográfica que transita pelos trabalhos de Bernard Rudofsky, Florencia Ferrari, Labelle Prussin, Mark Jarzombek, Mette Bovin, Paul Oliver, Robert Kroenenburg, Torvald Faegre entre outros; do estudo de caso dos Ciganos Calons e de quatro povos nômades: Beduínos, Inuit, Tuaregues e Wodaabes; das visitas realizadas aos acampamentos Calons em São Paulo e no Espírito Santo e das entrevistas à costureira especializada em vestidos ciganos. Esta obra fortalece o vínculo conceitual e prático entre indumentária e arquitetura através do estudo paralelo dessas duas manifestações culturais. Ela constata que o vestuário nômade vai muito além da necessidade de proteção e do desejo de ornamentação, muitas vezes estando relacionado à cosmologia ou aos mitos e crenças destas sociedades e reitera a importância de repensarmos as concepções clássicas e eruditas da arquitetura. / This dissertation aims to study the material culture - represented by the architecture and clothing - of societies that maintain or at some point had nomadic behaviors. The research deals with bodies that are in movement, marked by rites and exposed to extreme environmental conditions; Clothing and accessories made to measure and imbued with supernatural powers and dwellings aware of their ephemerality. Its general objective is to study the interrelationships that are established through ephemeral supports such as shelters and costumes. Speci?ically, it seeks to know the processes of production of the nomadic housing space; to seize and identify the process of designing, making and using garments; to perceive the importance of nomadic material culture manifestations for their identity and aesthetics and to look for constructive, visual and aesthetic similarities between nomadic garments and shelters. The dissertation is the result of the bibliographical review of the works of Bernard Rudofsky, Florencia Ferrari, Labelle Prussin, Mark Jarzombek, Mette Bovin, Paul Oliver, Robert Kroenenburg, Torvald Faegre among others; the case study of the Calon Gypsies and four other nomadic societies: Bedouin, Inuit, Tuareg and Wodaabes; visits to the Calon camps in São Paulo and Espírito Santo and interviews with the seamstress specialized in gypsy dresses. This work strengthens the conceptual and practical link between clothing and architecture through the parallel study of these two cultural manifestations. It ?inds that the nomadic clothing goes far beyond the need for protection and the desire for ornamentation, often being related to the cosmology or the myths and beliefs of these societies and reiterates the importance of rethinking the classic and scholarly conceptions of architecture.

A mobilidade dos Yanomami tem papel decisivo na construção da paisagem amazônica ao produzir clareiras a serem regeneradas após cada mudança de residência. Esse processo não deve ser reduzido apenas ao seu aspecto de ecologia histórica, pois está intimamente ligado à organização social horizontalizada, orientada pelas alianças intercomunitárias. Nesse estudo é proposto um mapeamento das trajetórias de alguns grupos Yanomami, no Toototopi, Homoxi, Marauiá e os resistentes ao contato, Moxihatetemapë. Nos três primeiros, onde o posto de contato exerce uma atração pelo diferencial de potencialidades de troca, recuperei em minha experiência de quase uma década nesses lugares, para investigar a intencionalidade dessa mobilidade e de sua continuidade perante a novidade representada pelo posto. Os Yanomami souberam manter uma relação pendular de aproximação e afastamento dos postos de contato permanente, utilizando-se de segundas residências, próximas e longe do posto, do rio, aproveitando o que lhes interessava na relação de contato e recusando os elementos que pudessem levar a um sistema colonial ou a uma perversão das relações sociais com a criação de algum mecanismo coercitivo; isso se fez mediante a uma atualização sobre a alteridade, uma antropologia reversa, enquanto os estrangeiros ainda eram minoritários. Percebendo a intencionalidade estratégica desse ato, cuja recusa radical é a resistência ao contato dos Moxihatetemapë. Há uma relação prioritária com a construção (e defesa) da paisagem amazônica, expressa na cosmopolítica de Davi Kopenawa. / The mobility of the Yanomami plays a decisive role in the construction of the Amazon landscape by producing clearings to be regenerated after their moving among residences. This process should not be reduced only to its historical ecology, since it is closely linked to the social organization horizontality, regulated by inter-community alliances. In this study I mapped the trajectories of some Yanomami groups in Toototopi, Homoxi, Marauiá and Moxihatetemapë, the latter resistant to contact. In the other three, the \"attraction post\" established by the government causes both an attraction and a resistance given its exchange potential. My experience of almost a decade in these posts investigating the intentionality of indigeneous mobility and its continuity is reviewed. The Yanomami have invented intelligent ways to maintain a pendular relation to be near and distant from these permanent contact sites, using second residences, near and far from health services, by the river or taking advantage of what interested them in their contact while refusing the elements that could lead to a colonial system or a perversion of social relations due to the creation of some coercive mechanism; this was done through an update on alterity, a reverse anthropology, until foreigners were still in minority. The strategic intentionality of this processes of radical refusal mirrors the resistance to contact of the Moxihatetemapë. I therefore advocate a relation between this and the construction (and defense) of the Amazonian landscape, expressed in the cosmopolitics of Davi Kopenawa.

Orientador: José Marcos Pinto da Cunha / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T15:46:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ortega_GuilhermeMargarido_M.pdf: 1762924 bytes, checksum: fbed7669715ef0da0f1837a2e7b57a2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Analisamos as características dos migrantes (homens e mulheres) responsáveis pelo domicílio, consideradas através da sua escolaridade, posição no mercado de trabalho, papel desempenhado na residência e participação em redes sociais ¿ esta, no sentido de facilitar e/ou incentivar a migração, influenciando na tomada de decisão em migrar ou não. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo observar a importância da decisão migratória na mobilidade residencial intrametropolitana, realizando uma diferenciação entre os domicílios com responsáveis declarados homens e mulheres, bem como a influência dos condicionantes de gênero relacionados ao papel da mulher no domicílio. Para tanto, foram utilizados os dados coletados em uma pesquisa domiciliar realizada em 2007 na Região Metropolitana de Campinas que contém não apenas dados mais detalhados sobre as trajetórias migratórias dos indivíduos como também dos responsáveis pelos domicílios, além de outras informações sobre suas condições materiais e sociais, incluindo aspectos sobre redes e capital social. Ademais, utilizamos os dados do Censo Demográfico Brasileiro de 2010 e entrevistas qualitativas / Abstract: We analyze characteristics of migrants (men and women) household heads, considered by their education, position in the labor market, the role of the residence and participation in social networks - in order to facilitate and/or encourage migration, influencing in making the decision to migrate or not. This thesis aims to identify the importance of migration decision intrametropolitan residential mobility, making a differentiation between households with officials declared men and women, as well as the influence of gender-related constraints to women's role in the household. We used data collected in a household survey conducted in 2007 in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, that not only contains more detailed data on migration trajectories of individuals as well as the heads of households to both, as well as other information about their material and social conditions including aspects of networks and social capital. Furthermore, we use data from the Brazilian Population Census 2010 and qualitative interviews / Mestrado / Demografia / Mestre em Demografia

Orientador: Álvaro de Oliveira D'Antona / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T23:19:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cortes_JuliaCorrea_M.pdf: 13996086 bytes, checksum: 16aca3ca2ed811d76fedb07c9c430380 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Modelos explicativos sobre dinâmica populacional e mudança no uso e cobertura da terra na Amazônia não são suficientes para explicar a recente reconfiguração do espaço rural. As principais teorias são embasadas nos movimentos clássicos de regiões de fronteira agrícola, com o cenário de êxodo da população, chegada da agricultura capitalizada, expansão do desmatamento e expansão urbana. Confrontando a limitação das referências teóricas, estudou-se a recente mobilidade e distribuição da população no município de Santarém, focalizando na sua relação com a urbanização do rural como parte da mudança do uso da terra. Foram utilizados os Censos Demográficos 2000 e 2010, além de levantamentos sociodemográficos em 587 estabelecimentos familiares na região rural de Santarém, realizados em 2003 e 2009. Análises espaciais foram realizadas com dados do IBGE por setores censitários de Santarém e com desenhos das propriedades visitadas em campo. Os resultados apontaram para a existência de um conjunto muito maior de possibilidades de mobilidade populacional, que não a saída do rural e o deslocamento para novas fronteiras ou centros urbanos. A redistribuição da população no mesmo espaço rural provou ser um fenômeno importante, relacionando-se a novos arranjos populacionais no espaço e a um distinto padrão fundiário. Fluxos e padrões ausentes nas explicações regionais foram constatdos no estudo, como o deslocamento a partir de áreas urbanas à propriedades rurais e como o arrefecimento da emigração de mulheres jovens. O uso de fontes mistas, com perspectivas escalares diferentes, foi essencial para compreender o quadro da transformação rural de maneira mais completa. Novas feições espaciais foram aludidas, mostrando que a população se reorganiza no espaço intramunicipal através de dinâmicas familiares ou pessoais. O conjunto de fluxos populacionais, dinâmicas domiciliares e relações familiares promove a transformação do rural pelo resultado deste processo histórico de ocupação, alterando o quadro fundiário e sociológico dessas áreas. Microrregiões com mosaico de pequenas propriedades, infra-estrutura, áreas comunitárias e serviços comerciais configuram a urbanização rural. A ampliação das categorias usadas nos estudos de mudança da terra, com a inclusão deste processo, promove uma discussão mais coerente com a recente reconfiguração de áreas rurais na Amazônia / Abstract: The current models used to explain the relation between population dynamics and land use and cover change in the Amazon region are not sufficient to elucidate the recent reconfiguration of rural areas. The major theories are grounded in the classical movement of agricultural frontier, which includes exodus of the population, arrival of capitalized agriculture, deforestation expansion and urban sprawl. To overcome the shortcomings of these classical theories, the goal of this work is study the recent mobility and population distribution in the municipality of Santarém, focusing on the relationship between population dynamics and the rural urbanization as part of the land use change. Data were extracted from the Brazilian Demographic Census 2000 and 2010, and from a set of sociodemographic surveys applied in 587 familiar rural properties in 2003 and 2009. Spatial analyzes were performed by IBGE data in Santarem and the croquis of the farms visited in the field. The results showed that are many other components contributing to population mobility besides rural exodus and moviment to new frontiers or urban centers. The redistribution of population in the same rural areas proved to be an important phenomenon explaining the changes in spatial arrangement of population and land properties. Flows and patterns, which are absent in regional explanations, were found in this study, such as the shift from urban to rural properties and the reduction of the young women emigration. The use of mixed sources with different scale perspectives was crucial to understand the context of rural transformation more fully. New spatial pattern of population distribution was found as a result of the population reorganization, which was greatly influenced by ties established between family members. Within a sociological context, population mobility, household dynamics and family relationships modify the land structure and therefore lead to rural transformation. The history of population occupation creates a small region with a mosaic of properties of different sizes, infrastructure, commercial areas and community services. This process result in the rural urbanization. The study of population dynamics and rural configuration in the Amazon region will most likely advance as other components of human mobility are taken into consideration / Mestrado / Demografia / Mestre em Demografia

Depuis 2008, Hanoï est devenue l’une des grandes capitales du monde, en intégrant de nouveaux territoires. Hanoï a pour ambition de devenir une ville tournée vers la sous-région et fortement compétitive. Cependant, son processus d’urbanisation se heurte à de nombreux obstacles, notamment en matière de transports urbains fortement dépendants des modes individuels, tout particulièrement des motos. Or, le processus actuel de métropolisation de Hanoï est porteur de nouveaux défis pour le transport urbain tels que le changement de structure et de fonctions urbaines, l’émergence d’une mobilité intra-urbaine sur des distances importantes, le risque de ségrégation socio-spatiale… A partir d’un constat sur les caractéristiques de la métropolisation de Hanoi, cette thèse examine quelles sont les influences de la ségrégation socio-spatiale sur la mobilité des citadins et comment ils s’adaptent au contexte urbain de plus en plus ségrégatif à Hanoi en termes de mobilité et d’activités. Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous avons mené en 2013 une enquête ciblée sur la population sensible. Des analyses comparatives ont été effectuées grâce aux données de notre propre enquête et celles de l’enquête PRUD en 2003. Les données des recensements tant au niveau national que de Hanoi ont été également utilisées. Les résultats nous montrent que la métropolisation à Hanoi présente non seulement des similitudes mais également des singularités par rapport aux autres logiques observées dans d’autres villes. Les dynamiques métropolitaines renforcent les caractères ségrégatifs dans les territoires de Hanoi. La ségrégation socio-spatiale a des impacts nets sur les comportements de mobilité des habitants (mobilité résidentielle) et l’accès aux services urbains (mobilité quotidienne) au détriment des pauvres. Face à cette réalité et à cause de l’inefficacité du réseau de bus et du retard des projets de transports en commun, la population la plus modeste recourt aux modes de transports alternatifs (taxi et mototaxi) pour s’adapter à leurs conditions de vie. / Since 2008, Hanoi has become one of the greatest capitals of the world, by integrating new territories. Hanoi aims to become a highly competitive city turned towards the sub-region in the Asian continent. However, the urbanization process faces many obstacles, including a strong dependence on individual urban transport modes, particularly motorcycles. However, the current metropolization process of Hanoi brings about new challenges for urban transport such as the change in urban structure and functions, the emergence of intra-urban mobility over long distances and the risk of socio-spatial segregation. Through the observation of the characteristics of metropolization in Hanoi, this study examines the influences of socio-spatial segregation on urban mobility and how the inhabitants adapt to the increasingly segregated urban context in terms of mobility and activities. To deal with this issue, we conducted in 2013 a survey focused on the vulnerable population. Comparative analyses were carried out, using data from our own survey and from the 2003 PRUD survey. Census data both at the national and local level were also used. The results show that the metropolization process of Hanoi has not only similarities but also singularities compared to processes observed in other cities. Metropolitan dynamics reinforce segregated characters in the territories of Hanoi. Socio-spatial segregation has clear-cut impacts on the mobility behavior of people (residential mobility) and the access to urban services (daily mobility), especially for the poor. To face up to this situation and because of the inefficiency of the bus network and the delays in the implementation of urban transport projects, the poorest people turn to alternative modes of transport (taxi and motorcycle taxi) to adjust to their living conditions.