Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering; and, (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1978. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-159). / by Glen E. Weisbrod. / M.S. / M.C.P.

No description available.

<p> Residential stress is a key concept within residential mobility studies. Considerable research, in the past, has been devoted to the task of actually measuring, and quantifying residential stress. </p> <p> Many factors which affect residential stress have been outlined, however, the absolute effect of these factors, and their relative strengths are not known. Many suggest that this is mainly due to the fact that previous research designs have not provided adequate control over extraneous variance, there by preventing the isolation of the effects of individual factors. </p> <p> The body of literature in residential mobility studies exhibits this apparent lack of methodological rigidity through the occurrence of certain inconsistencies in the literature. An example of such an inconsistency deals with the relationship between length of residence and residential stress. studies have been done which actually support the "cumulative inertia hypothesis", that is stress decreases with increasing length of residence, while others have provided evidence for the "cumulative stress hypothesis", that is, stress increases with increasing length of residence. </p> <p> The present study is designed around the recognition of the need to develop and implement a methodology that would alleviate the seemingly contradictory findings presented in the mobility literature. The problem being addressed is to establish the separate and joint effects of life cycle stage and length of residence on residential stress, these being two factors identified in past studies as potentially important determinants of stress. The main findings of the study were that both life cycle stage, and length of residence have significant separate effects on residential stress. Also, when length of residence was introduced as a covariate with life cycle stage in an analysis of covariance, the variation in stress explained by life cycle stage decreased substantially, with length of residence having the greater predictive power. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, 1980 / Bibliography: leaves 441-455. / by Peter Douglas Hall. / Ph. D. / Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering

Nesquehoning Creek (36CR142) is a stratified, multicomponent site situated on a late Wisconsin age terrace in Lehigh Gorge State Park, Carbon County, Pennsylvania. Cultural occupations represented at Nesquehoning Creek include Colonial (late 17th-early 18th century); Late, Middle, and Early Woodland; Transitional, Late, Middle and Early Archaic; and Paleoindian. The Paleoindian component is deeply buried, contextually secure, and produced a Crowfield fluted point with associated radiocarbon dates of 12,422 ± 164, 12,255 ± 177, and 11,398 ± 110 cal BP. This dissertation focuses on: 1) assessing the Paleoindian occupation history at Nesquehoning Creek, 2) analyzing the organization of Paleoindian lithic technology, and 3) examining Paleoindian residential mobility patterns in the Middle Atlantic and Northeast regions. The history of research at Nesquehoning Creek, Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene environmental data, and Paleoindian culture history are reviewed in order to provide background information. By examining the stratigraphy and geomorphology at the Nesquehoning Creek site, this study was able to propose a model of landscape evolution and determine excavation areas with the greatest potential for stratified Paleoindian occupations. A lithic refitting and artifact distribution analysis of these excavation areas was able to identify a single Crowfield Paleoindian occupation zone. The Crowfield component lithic assemblage displayed production and reduction strategies similar to Clovis and later Paleoindian complexes. Lithic raw material types represented in the Crowfield toolkit suggest a relatively small territorial range on the order of 50 km. An evaluation of Early and Late Paleoindian residential mobility patterns in the Middle Atlantic and Northeast showed continuity in the relative occupation span of sites from both periods. This suggests that although Late Paleoindian groups had smaller territorial ranges, they appear to have moved from site to site within those territories about as frequently as Early Paleoindians in the Middle Atlantic and Northeast regions. Detailed analysis of contextually secure Paleoindian assemblages are crucial to identifying similarities and differences between archaeological complexes. This research demonstrates the importance of lithic refitting studies in the assessment of stratified, multicomponent archaeological sites. Detailed examination of the Crowfield lithic assemblage improved our understanding of Paleoindian technological organization in the Middle Atlantic region. The evaluation of Paleoindian residential mobility patterns has complimented previous studies and presented data that may be updated and reassessed in the future. / Anthropology

The purpose of this study was to determine whether significant differences exist between movers and non-movers to a retirement community in the areas of demographic characteristics, residential characteristics of the most recent age-integrated community dwelling, and residential satisfaction. A personal interview schedule was developed and administered to a random sample of 32 elderly (age 62+) residents of the Montgomery County/City of Radford, Virginia community-at-large (non-movers) and 32 residents of a Montgomery County, Virginia retirement community (movers). T-test and chi square analyses were used to examine the data. The findings revealed significant differences (P<.05) between the two groups in marital status, income, residential characteristics of the most recent age-integrated community dwelling including tenure, dwelling type, dwelling age, number of rooms, length of residence, presence of major structural problems, neighborhood, and overall satisfaction levels. Non-movers were more likely to be married homeowners who were more satisfied with their present housing and neighborhoods than movers were with their previous housing. Non-movers' dwellings were more likely to be single-family detached, older, and larger, and contained fewer structural problems than the previous dwellings of movers. / M.S.

Fan, Xiaopeng. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-108). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.viii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.x / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.xi / Chapter Chapter One - --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Hong Kong as a Case Study --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research Objectives --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Significance of the Research --- p.7 / Chapter Chapter Two - --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Origin of environmental justice --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Concept --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- Review of environmental inequality studies --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- The siting of hazardous waste treatment storage or disposal facilities --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Release of toxics from industries and facilities --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Population exposure to noise and air pollution --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Noise --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Air pollution --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Dissimilarity of the findings --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3 --- Research methodology --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Environmental indicators and parameters --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Pollution exposure assessment method --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Choice of socioeconomic indicators --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Demographic and socioeconomic indicators --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Source of socioeconomic data --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Study unit --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Analytical methods --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4 --- Factors contributing to inequality --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5 --- Summary --- p.31 / Chapter Chapter Three - --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1 --- Research Framework --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2 --- Study Unit and Sampling Strategy --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Study unit used in other studies --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Study unit --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Sampling Method --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3 --- Air pollution exposure assessment --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Assessment method --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Calculation of emission inventory --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Emission factors estimated by EMFAC-HK model --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Vehicular emission inventory --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Simulation by air pollution dispersion model --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- IMMISnet Model --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Data requirement of MMISn e t Model --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.3.3 --- Output ofIMMISnet Model --- p.49 / Chapter 3.4 --- Population socioeconomic indicators --- p.51 / Chapter 3.5 --- Analytical method --- p.53 / Chapter 3.6 --- Summary --- p.53 / Chapter Chapter Four - --- FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION --- p.55 / Chapter 4.1 --- Pollution Exposure Assessment --- p.55 / Chapter 4.2 --- The differential exposure of different age and SDI groups --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- The selection of socioeconomic indicators --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Decile analysis --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Differential exposure based on age groups --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Differential exposure based on SDI groups --- p.71 / Chapter 4.3 --- Regression Analysis --- p.75 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Pearson's correlation analysis --- p.75 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Stepwise regression analysis --- p.81 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.87 / Chapter Chapter Five - --- CONCLUSION --- p.90 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.90 / Chapter 5.2 --- Summary of Findings --- p.90 / Chapter 5.3 --- Limitation of the study --- p.92 / Chapter 5.4 --- Recommendations for further study --- p.93 / APPENDIX --- p.94 / REFERENCES --- p.101

The aim of this research is to advance the understanding of the impacts of the industrial revolution on urban space during the period 1850-1900. This was a period of great dynamism with high levels of social and economic change, political radicalism and urban growth that had profound effects on the urban landscape. In contrast to much previous research on Victorian urban space, the case study settlements used are Edinburgh and Perth, Scottish burghs with diverse economies not dominated by a heavy industrial sector. The analysis uses data from a variety of sources including the census, valuation rolls and the Register of Sasines. It also draws insights from structuration theory by examining the spatial outcome of various processes in terms of the reflexive relationship between structural factors such as class and capitalism and the residential movements of individuals (agents). Three scales of analysis are used. Thus, meso-scale socio-spatial change is seen as affected by both macro-scale structures and micro-scale actions of agents. By constructing a series of maps and measures of the distribution of social groups at various times over the half century, the thesis demonstrates that socio-spatial differentiation increased markedly over the period. The processes driving this socio-spatial change are identified as the operations of the housing market, structured feeling and mobility. The detailed roles of each is examined. Together, it is argued these are the modalities which link structures and agents and are thus the proximate determinants of socio-spatial change.