nÃo hà / Com o rÃpido crescimento das indÃstrias de telecomunicaÃÃes criou-se uma forte necessidade por materiais cerÃmicos para aplicaÃÃes em micro-ondas. Devendo estes materiais apresentar alta permissividade dielÃtrica (εr), elevado fator de qualidade (Q), boa estabilidade tÃrmica (τf Â10 ppm/ÂC) e baixo custo. Com a invenÃÃo de telefones celulares portÃteis, o campo da comunicaÃÃo sem fio passou por um crescimento inovador nas Ãltimas dÃcadas. O sucesso da terceira geraÃÃo (3G) dos serviÃos de comunicaÃÃo de telefonia celular, motiva o desenvolvimento de banda larga de quarta geraÃÃo (4G) de telefones celulares e outros produtos e serviÃos sem fio, como por exemplo, o Bluetooth. Este trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento e caracterizaÃÃo da cerÃmica de titanato de bÃrio-bismuto (BaBi4Ti4O15) com adiÃÃo de Ãxido de niÃbio (Nb2O5) ou Ãxido de zinco (ZnO), visando a diminuiÃÃo da temperatura de sinterizaÃÃo e possivelmente melhorar a densificaÃÃo, e posteriormente, verificar as modificaÃÃes ocorridas nas propriedades do material, como por exemplo, o coeficiente de temperatura da frequÃncia ressonante (τf). As sÃries cerÃmicas foram produzidas usando a reaÃÃo no estado sÃlido, com o uso de moagem mecÃnica de alta energia e tratamento tÃrmico. A caracterizaÃÃo estrutural foi realizada com base na Microscopia EletrÃnica de Varredura (MEV) e Picnometria. As densidades relativas das amostras adicionadas com (ZnO) a de maior concentraÃÃo teve valor de 77% enquanto que o BBT puro o valor foi de 56%. As densidades relativas das amostras adicionadas com (Nb2O5) a de maior concentraÃÃo teve valor de 61% em relaÃÃo ao BBT puro. Foram realizados experimentos para avaliaÃÃo do comportamento elÃtrico e dielÃtrico das amostras, na faixa de Micro-ondas e RadiofrequÃncia (temperatura ambiente e com variaÃÃo de temperatura). Por fim, o material foi testado como uma DRA, e posteriormente os resultados obtidos foram simulados atravÃs do programa HFSS. As caracterÃsticas da DRA da cerÃmica pura sÃo 1,12dBi de ganho e 32,51% de eficiÃncia. A DRA que foi adicionada com 2% de (ZnO) apresentou ganho de 1,16dBi com 33,96% de eficiÃncia, enquanto a que foi adicionada com 5% de (Nb2O5) apresentou 1,41dBi de ganho com 42,21% de eficiÃncia. / With the rapid growth of the telecommunications industry created a strong need for ceramic materials for applications in microwave. These materials should exhibit high dielectric permittivity (εr), high quality factor (Q), good thermal stability (τf Â10 ppm/ÂC) and low cost. With the invention of mobile phones, the field of wireless communication has undergone a revolutionary growth in recent decades. The success of the third generation (3G) services in mobile communication, motivates the development of broadband fourth generation (4G) of mobile phones and other wireless products and services, such as Bluetooth. Nowadays it is well known the use of tablets, which are increasingly gaining market and encouraging the development of new technologies to improve the flow of information. This work involves the development and characterization of the barium bismuth titanate ceramic, (BaBi4Ti4O15) with addition of niobium oxide (Nb2O5) or zinc oxide (ZnO) in order to decrease the sintering temperature and possibly improve the densification and subsequently check the modifications on material properties, such as the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf). The series ceramics were produced using the solid state reaction with the use of high energy mechanical milling and heat treatment. The structural characterization was performed based on Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Measurement by Pycnometer. The relative densities of the samples with added (ZnO) had the highest concentration value of 77% pure BBT while the value was 56%. The relative densities of the samples spiked with (Nb2O5) had the highest concentration value of 61% compared to pure BBT. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the electrical and dielectric behavior of the samples in the range of Microwave and Radio Frequency (temperature and temperature variation). Finally, the material was tested as a DRA, and then the results were simulated using the HFSS program. The characteristics of the pure ceramic DRA are 1,12dBi gain and 32,51% efficiency. The DRA added with 2% (ZnO ) showed 1.16dBi gain with 33,96% efficiency , while the one that was added with 5% (Nb2O5) showed gain of 1.41dBi with 42,21% efficiency.

Une recherche bibliographique a permis de faire un état de l'art, d'une part des différents principespermettant de détecter le givre et d'autre part de l'application de matériaux magnétostrictifs à la mesure defaibles masses. La faisabilité et l’applicabilité de certains alliages amorphes et nanocristallins à la réalisationde capteurs de givre ont été démontrées.Suite à cet état de l'art, le principe de détection par résonateur magnétostrictif qui a été retenu, a faitl'objet d'une étude approfondie aboutissant à l'établissement d'un nouveau modèle analytique complet desrésonateurs magnétostrictifs sous forme de ruban. L'intérêt principal de ce modèle est la prise en compte depertes mécaniques et l'expression finale contenant la fonction de transfert complète entre les entrées et sortiesélectriques. Ainsi, la réponse en fréquence du modèle est vraiment similaire aux réponses expérimentales. Deplus, il apporte une explication aux retournements observés, pour certains harmoniques entre les fréquencesde résonance et d'antirésonance, pour lesquels l’origine n’avait pu être clairement identifiée.La mise en œuvre de ce nouveau modèle pour la caractérisation de rubans amorphes a montré qu'ilest possible de déterminer le coefficient de couplage à partir de la réponse en fréquence ainsi que le moduled'Young ou l'amortissement. On a donc pu tracer pour des rubans de 2605SC et 2826MB les évolutions avecle champ de polarisation des paramètres du résonateur. De l'évolution de ces paramètres, il est possible dereconstruire les courbes de magnétostriction d'un ruban, ce qui constitue actuellement une méthode decaractérisation.La mise en œuvre d'un prototype a permis de détecter du givre et ainsi de confirmer la faisabilité dela détection de givrage par ce moyen, mais les essais préliminaires qui sont très prometteurs n’ont puapporter une réponse quantitative du capteur soumis à un dépôt de givre. Des mesures utilisant des enceintesde givrage contrôlées en température et en hygrométrie constituent une première perspective. Par ailleurs, lesrésultats présentés dans ce manuscrit s’avèrent une bonne base pour la valorisation de ces travaux,notamment pour la réalisation d’un prototype de capteur, son conditionnement et sa mise en œuvre dans devraies conditions de givrage. / A review of literature allowed first to a state of the art of the different routes to detect the ice on theone hand and of the use of magnetostrictive materials to measure small masses. Both the feasibility andapplicability of metglasses and nanocrystalline alloys to frost resonating sensors have been clearlyestablished.The principle of magnetostrictive sensing resonator was developed and a new comprehensiveanalytical model of ribbonshaped magnetostrictive resonators was successfully achieved. The present modelincludes mechanical losses and the final expression contains the complete transfer function between the inputand output powers. Thus, the predicted frequency response of the model fairly fits to the experimental one.In addition, it clearly explains henceforth the reversals of some harmonic frequencies which occur from theresonance and antiresonance phenomena.The implementation of this new model for the characterization of amorphous ribbons showed thusthat it is now possible to well estimate the coupling coefficient from the frequency response and the Young'smodulus or damping. So we could draw developments with the bias field parameters of the resonator for2826MB and 2605SC amorphous ribbons. The evolution of these parameters allows the magnetostrictioncurves to be well established, that consists in a new characterization method.The implementation of a first prototype permits to detect frost, confirming thus the feasibility ofdetecting icing this way, but these promising preliminary tests could not bring quantitative data to model thefrost deposition on a resonating sensor. Measurements using pregnant icing controlled temperature andhumidity are a first perspective. Finally, it is important to emphasize that the present results appear as a goodsupport for the valorization of this study, especially to elaborate of a prototype sensor based onmagnetostrictive ribbons, its packaging and its implementation in in situ icing conditions.

<p>Pasivni bežični LC senzori projektovani su u tehnologiji štampanih kola (PCB) i u tehnologiji nisko-temperaturno pečene keramike (LTCC). Predstavljena su tri tipa LC senzora izrađenih na PCB-u u jednoslojnoj i dvoslojnoj štampi. Takođe su prikazana i dva tipa LC senzora izrađenih u LTCC tehnologiji. Karakterizacija senzora je izvršena u laboratorijskim uslovima a za testiranje korišćeni su građevinska opeka i siporeks blok kao jedni od najčešće korišćenih materijala u građevinskoj industriji za zidane objekte.</p> / <p>Passive LC wireless sensors are designed in technology printed circuit boards (PCB) and the technology of Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramics (LTCC). Presented are three types of LC sensors made on the PCB in the monolayer and bilayer press. It also presents two types of LC sensors manufactured in LTCC technology. Characterization of the sensor is carried out in the laboratory for testing were used building bricks and aerated concrete block as one of the most commonly used materials in the construction industry.</p>

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Yes / In this paper, we present the design of a compact and highly sensitive microwave sensor based on a metamaterial complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR), for liquid characterization at microwave frequencies. The design consists of a two-port microstrip-fed rectangular patch resonating structure printed on a 20 × 28 mm2 Roger RO3035 substrate with a thickness of 0.75 mm, a relative permittivity of 3.5, and a loss tangent of 0.0015. A CSRR is etched on the ground plane for the purpose of sensor miniaturization. The investigated liquid sample is put in a capillary glass tube lying parallel to the surface of the sensor. The parallel placement of the liquid test tube makes the design twice as efficient as a normal one in terms of sensitivity and Q factor. By bending the proposed structure, further enhancements of the sensor design can be obtained. These changes result in a shift in the resonant frequency and Q factor of the sensor. Hence, we could improve the sensitivity 10-fold compared to the flat structure. Subsequently, two configurations of sensors were designed and tested using CST simulation software, validated using HFSS simulation software, and compared to structures available in the literature, obtaining good agreement. A prototype of the flat configuration was fabricated and experimentally tested. Simulation results were found to be in good agreement with the experiments. The proposed devices exhibit the advantage of exploring multiple rapid and easy measurements using different test tubes, making the measurement faster, easier, and more cost-effective; therefore, the proposed high-sensitivity sensors are ideal candidates for various sensing applications. / This work was supported by the Moore4Medical project, funded within ECSEL JU in collaboration with the EU H2020 Framework Programme (H2020/2014–2020) under grant agreement H2020-ECSEL-2019-IA-876190, and the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (ECSEL/0006/2019). This project received funding in part from the DGRSDT (Direction Générale de la Recherche Scientifique et du Développement Technologique), MESRS (Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research), Algeria. This work was also supported by the General Directorate of Scientific Research and Technological Development (DGRSDT)–Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MESRS), Algeria, and funded by the FCT/MEC through national funds and, when applicable, co-financed by the ERDF, under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement under the UID/EEA/50008/2020 project.

The research presented in this manuscript introduces an independent structural health monitoring (SHM) system capable of performing impedance-based testing and detecting shifts in resonant frequencies. This independent structural health monitoring system incorporates a low power wireless transmitter that sends a warning signal when damage is detected in a structure. Two damage detection techniques were implemented on the SHM system and successfully used for evaluating structural damage. The first impedance-based technique is used to detect a gouge introduced to a composite plate. The second technique is a modal parameter technique that analyzes shifts in natural frequency; this technique was used to detect structural changes in an aluminum cantilever beam. In additional to the above test structures, an aircraft rib provided by the United States Air Force was also tested. This test was performed using the HP 4192A impedance analyzer so that the advantage of high frequency impedance-based tested could be demonstrated. Insight is given into the power characteristics of SHM systems and the need to incorporate power harvesting into these SHM devices is addressed. Also, a comparison between digital signal processors and microprocessors is included in this document. / Master of Science

In order to develop more economical and ecologically friendly transformers it is necessary to know the losses throughout the product development process. There are several losses related to transformers, but in this particular case the focus will be on the resistive loss of the transformer. In order to measure this loss first the resonant frequency of the transformer is determined. Since at resonance the secondary side of the transformer is considered to be purely resistive. The aim of this paper is to design and build a closed loop measurement system that is able to perform this task.

Afin d'optimiser l'utilisation des micropoutres en tant que capteurs chimiques, de nouvelles couches sensibles à base de matériaux microporeux ont été testées pour la détection d'humidité, de toluène et d'éthanol. Des essais sans couches sensibles ont aussi été effectués et des modèles simples ont été mis au point afin de prédire la réponse des micropoutres lors d'un changement d'environnement. Ces études ont donc permis la mise en oeuvre des micropoutres selon deux principes de détections différents: l'un reposant sur la variation de masse du capteur à base de micropoutre lors de l'absorption de composé par une couche sensible; l'autre reposant sur la détection de changements de propriétés physiques du fluide environnant. / In order to optimize the use of microcantilever in the way of chemical sensing, microporous sensitive coatings have been tried to detect ethanol, toluene and humidity. The use of microcantilever without sensitive coating have been performed and simple models has been made and permit to predict the response of microcantilever in different environments. These studies rely on the use of microcantilever within two different detection mode: the detection of mass variation of the sensor because of the sorption of species in sensitive coating; and the detection of the change of physical properties of the fluid.

CAMPOS FILHO, Múcio Costa. Estudo das propriedades dielétricas e ópticas na matriz cerâmica CaBi4Ti4O15 com adição de V2O5, Er2O3 e Yb2O3. 2015. 169 f. Tese (Doutorado em Física) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015. / Submitted by Edvander Pires (edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2015-10-26T21:58:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_mccamposfilho.pdf: 9304166 bytes, checksum: 0448bdd2063e3fc697dee9f5c6efb532 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edvander Pires(edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2015-10-26T21:59:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_mccamposfilho.pdf: 9304166 bytes, checksum: 0448bdd2063e3fc697dee9f5c6efb532 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-26T21:59:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_mccamposfilho.pdf: 9304166 bytes, checksum: 0448bdd2063e3fc697dee9f5c6efb532 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / A strong demand for compressed materials, low cost and easy to manufacture are needed for various technological applications, in this sense many ceramics are candidates for its dielectric and optical properties .In this work, structural, dielectric and optical phase of the orthorhombic ferroelectric ceramic matrixCaBi4Ti4O15were investigated, one pseudo-perovskite bismuth layer structure (BLSFs) of space group A21am of the aurivillius family, prepared by the solid state method and sintered in low temperatures. Sample preparation for structural analysis and dielectric, had the addition of vanadium pentóxido (V2O5) to the phase CaBi4Ti4O15 calcined in ratios of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 5.0% by mass. To obtain optical properties of the ceramic matrix doped with rare earth ions erbiumIII (Er2O3) and III ytterbium oxide (Yb2O3). The study of the structure and composition of the samples was done by X-ray diffraction and confirmation was made by single stage rietveld refinement. The vibrational characteristics was obtained by Raman spectroscopy (RS). The morphology study off or analysis of grain and grain boundary, was performed by scanning electron microscopy. The dielectric characterization of radio frequency spectroscopy was performed in impedance which occurred two conductivity mechanisms for all samples, one at low frequency and the on the rat high frequency. Models of dielectric relaxation approach the Cole-Cole type model. Measures in the microwave range were obtained using the hakki-coleman method and monopole, which gave a temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (f) close to zero with the addition of V2O5. The dielectric permittivity measurements in radiofrequency and microwave, performe dat room temperature, had a high constant value (εr≈150) with the addition of 1%V2O5, and a value of relatively low loss tangent for family aurivillus (tan[δ]≈10-2) at 2 GHz. A numerical simulation was performed with each sample verifying approach with the experimental data. In rare earth doped samples was checked energy up-conversion phenomenon with the presence of intense bands samples of visible light emission in the green region and a less intense bands in thered region.The investigated material has potential for application in volatile memories, capacitive filters and optical components such as sensors, solar cells and LEDs. / Uma forte demanda por materiais mais compactados, de baixo custo e de fácil fabricação são necessários para diversas aplicações tecnológicas, neste sentido diversos materiais cerâmicos são candidatos por suas propriedades dielétricas e ópticas. Neste presente trabalho, foram investigadas as propriedades estruturais, dielétricas e ópticas da fase ortorrômbica da matriz cerâmica ferroelétrica CaBi4Ti4O15, uma pseudo-perosviskita de estrutura de camada de bismuto (BLSFs) do grupo espacial A21am da família aurivillius, preparada pelo método do estado sólido e sinterizada em baixas temperaturas. A preparação das amostras para análise estrutural e dielétrica, tiveram a adição de pentóxido de vanádio (V2O5) à fase CaBi4Ti4O15 calcinada, em proporções de 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 e 5.0 % em massa. Para obtenção das propriedades ópticas, a matriz cerâmica pura foi dopada com os íons terras raras érbio III (Er2O3) e óxido de itérbio III (Yb2O3). O estudo da estrutura e composição das amostras foi feito através de difração de raios-X e a confirmação da fase única foi feita pelo Refinamento Rietveld. A caracterização vibracional foi obtida através da Espectroscopia Raman (SR). O estudo da morfologia, para análise de grão e contorno de grão, foi realizado através de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura. A caracterização dielétrica em radio freqüência foi realizada por Espectroscopia em Impedância a qual se verificou dois mecanismos de condutividade para todas as amostras analisadas, um em baixa freqüência e outro em alta freqüência. Os modelos de relaxação dielétrica se aproximam do modelo do tipo Cole-Cole. As medidas na faixa de microondas foram obtidas utilizando-se o método hakki-coleman e monopolo, chegou-se a um coeficiente de temperatura da frequência de ressonância (tAU f) próximo de zero com adição de V2O5. As medidas de permissividade dielétrica em radiofreqüência e microondas, realizadas em temperatura ambiente, tiveram um alto valor constante (εr ≈ 150) com a adição de 1% de V2O5, e um valor da tangente de perda relativamente baixa em relação à família de Aurivillus (tan[δ] ≈10-2 ) em 2 GHz.. Uma simulação numérica foi realizada com cada amostra verificando-se aproximação com os dados experimentais. Nas amostras dopadas com terras raras foi verificado o fenômeno de conversão ascendente de energia com a presença de bandas intensas amostras de emissão de luz visível na região do verde e de bandas de menor intensidade na região do vermelho. O Material investigado tem potencial para aplicação em memórias voláteis, filtros capacitivos e componentes ópticos, como sensores, células fotoelétricas e leds.