Este trabalho ambiciona compreender a origem e o funcionamento do sistema de prestação de serviços de saúde a todos os brasileiros sem distinção, e, para tanto, esmiúça as origens a partir do qual sua organização se ergueu. São estudadas as formas de federalismo existentes desde o seu surgimento no Estado Moderno, e o desenvolvimento das limitações aos poderes centrais e dos entes federados, com ênfase na maneira sob as quais as responsabilidades foram e são divididas ou compartilhadas, bem assim como a maneira pelas quais suas balizas foram estabelecidas e modificadas no decorrer do tempo. O direito à saúde no Brasil é colocado no centro do debate e as formas como foi exercido, bem assim como as suas deficiências, foram todas observadas durante a investigação do processo que originou a criação de um formato inédito, amplamente respaldado pela participação popular. Esta legitimidade impressa ao que se denomina Direito Sanitário foi de crucial relevância para o enfrentamento do federalismo sob o prisma do direito à saúde, que se denomina atualmente federalismo sanitário, e é referência para a compreensão das políticas públicas que sucederam sua construção e exercício efetivo. A partir daí, foi possível proceder na avaliação da divisão das responsabilidades entre os integrantes do sistema, a forma de efetivação da divisão, sua vinculação estrita ao sistema federativo e aferir sobre a pertinência de que o federalismo sanitário seja reconhecido como a forma de responsabilização compartilhada nos termos em que o sistema único de saúde foi estruturado. Diante da conclusão a que se chegou, são apreciadas as decisões proferidas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. Por fim, são avaliadas de modo a que se conclua pela tese construída, que rechaça a responsabilização solidária da forma como compreendida pelo STF, por não se harmonizar com a estrutura federativa estabelecida para cumprimento do dever de assistência à saúde pelo Estado Brasileiro. / This work aims to understand the origin and functioning of the provision of health care system to all Brazilians without distinction, and, therefore, deeply analyzes the sources from which its organization arose. Existing forms of federalism are studied since its emergence in the Modern State, and the development of limitations to the central authorities and federal agencies, emphasizing the way in which the responsibilities were and are divided or shared, as well as the way the that their beacons have been established and modified over time. The entitlement to health in Brazil is placed in the center of the debate and the ways in which it was exercised, as well as its shortcomings were all observed during the investigation of the process that led to the creation of an unprecedented format, widely supported by popular participation. This printed legitimacy to what is called Health Law was of crucial importance to face the federalism through the prism of the right to health, which is now called health federalism, and is a reference to the comprehension of public policies that followed its construction and effective exercise. From there, it was possible to proceed in assessing the division of responsibilities between system integrators, how to effect the division, their strict adherence to the federal system and check on relevance of the health federalism is recognized as a form of shared accountability in terms in the unified health system was structured. Before the conclusion arrived at, they are appreciated judgments given by the Supreme Court. Finally, are evaluated so that it is determined by the built thesis, which rejects the joint accountability of how understood by the Supreme Court, by not harmonize with the federal structure established to comply with the health care obligation by Brazil.

Parental responsivity can profoundly influence developmental trajectories and child outcomes. This study aimed to learn more about the contextual risk and protective factors that influence parental self-efficacy (PSE), depression, parenting stress, and subsequent parental responsivity in low-income mothers of preschoolers. Two models predicting responsivity were tested using longitudinal data (N = 307) from the Early Steps Multisite Study. Predictors included: parent ethnic discrimination, SES discrimination, neighborhood danger, satisfaction with social support, overall life satisfaction, neighborhood connectedness, PSE, depression, and parenting stress related to daily hassles. Structural equation modeling was used to test for overall model fit, as well as direct and indirect relations between the variables over three time points. Model 1 controlled for maternal depression, while Model 2 incorporated maternal depression into the model as a predictor at Time 1. Two post hoc models that included depression at two time points were also tested. Models 1 and 2 adequately fit the data, while the post hoc models fit the data very well. Results indicated that discrimination and perceptions of danger in the neighborhood were related to lower satisfaction with social support, lower overall life satisfaction, and lower feelings of connectedness with the neighborhood. Adverse factors also predicted maternal responsivity at Time 3. Protective factors were predictive of high PSE and responsivity over time. Earlier experiences of depression were predictive of parenting stress and depression over time. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

Este trabalho ambiciona compreender a origem e o funcionamento do sistema de prestação de serviços de saúde a todos os brasileiros sem distinção, e, para tanto, esmiúça as origens a partir do qual sua organização se ergueu. São estudadas as formas de federalismo existentes desde o seu surgimento no Estado Moderno, e o desenvolvimento das limitações aos poderes centrais e dos entes federados, com ênfase na maneira sob as quais as responsabilidades foram e são divididas ou compartilhadas, bem assim como a maneira pelas quais suas balizas foram estabelecidas e modificadas no decorrer do tempo. O direito à saúde no Brasil é colocado no centro do debate e as formas como foi exercido, bem assim como as suas deficiências, foram todas observadas durante a investigação do processo que originou a criação de um formato inédito, amplamente respaldado pela participação popular. Esta legitimidade impressa ao que se denomina Direito Sanitário foi de crucial relevância para o enfrentamento do federalismo sob o prisma do direito à saúde, que se denomina atualmente federalismo sanitário, e é referência para a compreensão das políticas públicas que sucederam sua construção e exercício efetivo. A partir daí, foi possível proceder na avaliação da divisão das responsabilidades entre os integrantes do sistema, a forma de efetivação da divisão, sua vinculação estrita ao sistema federativo e aferir sobre a pertinência de que o federalismo sanitário seja reconhecido como a forma de responsabilização compartilhada nos termos em que o sistema único de saúde foi estruturado. Diante da conclusão a que se chegou, são apreciadas as decisões proferidas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. Por fim, são avaliadas de modo a que se conclua pela tese construída, que rechaça a responsabilização solidária da forma como compreendida pelo STF, por não se harmonizar com a estrutura federativa estabelecida para cumprimento do dever de assistência à saúde pelo Estado Brasileiro. / This work aims to understand the origin and functioning of the provision of health care system to all Brazilians without distinction, and, therefore, deeply analyzes the sources from which its organization arose. Existing forms of federalism are studied since its emergence in the Modern State, and the development of limitations to the central authorities and federal agencies, emphasizing the way in which the responsibilities were and are divided or shared, as well as the way the that their beacons have been established and modified over time. The entitlement to health in Brazil is placed in the center of the debate and the ways in which it was exercised, as well as its shortcomings were all observed during the investigation of the process that led to the creation of an unprecedented format, widely supported by popular participation. This printed legitimacy to what is called Health Law was of crucial importance to face the federalism through the prism of the right to health, which is now called health federalism, and is a reference to the comprehension of public policies that followed its construction and effective exercise. From there, it was possible to proceed in assessing the division of responsibilities between system integrators, how to effect the division, their strict adherence to the federal system and check on relevance of the health federalism is recognized as a form of shared accountability in terms in the unified health system was structured. Before the conclusion arrived at, they are appreciated judgments given by the Supreme Court. Finally, are evaluated so that it is determined by the built thesis, which rejects the joint accountability of how understood by the Supreme Court, by not harmonize with the federal structure established to comply with the health care obligation by Brazil.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2017-07-07T11:51:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Patrícia Cardoso Moreira - 2017.pdf: 5235531 bytes, checksum: b002a94512f3e02ba0f104c75cff51c1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-07-10T14:38:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Patrícia Cardoso Moreira - 2017.pdf: 5235531 bytes, checksum: b002a94512f3e02ba0f104c75cff51c1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:38:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Patrícia Cardoso Moreira - 2017.pdf: 5235531 bytes, checksum: b002a94512f3e02ba0f104c75cff51c1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-19 / This ethnographic case study aimed at demonstrating to what extent the constitutive elements of humor in the discursive level of the languaculture-English (LC2) was appropriated by twelve L2/FL learners. We have also tried to evidence how such learners assess the level of their English discursive knowledge by means of discursive practices involving humor, as well as the implications of such appropriation to their future careers as teachers of English as L2/FL. Data were collected in an English intermediate group of undergraduates of Letras/Inglês of the Universidade Federal de Goiás. Efforts were made to design and integrate activities focusing on the humor of the American situation comedy Friends (BRIGHT; KAUFFMAN; CRANE, 1994-2004) into eight classes of the original course program taking place between November 2015 and February 2106. Four Friends episodes were explored. The data collection was carried out by means of a questionnaire, video and audio recordings of the classes, field notes of the teacher-researcher observations and audios of interviews made with each participant after the classroom work was over. This paper is based on the dialogic perspective of Bakhtin (2011, 2012, 2014), on humor studies with emphasis on L2/FL teaching and learning (BELL; POMERANTZ, 2014; 2015; 2016) as well as on the nexus between humor, language and culture (KRAMSCH, 1998, 2013; RISAGER, 2006; CORBETT, 2003, POPA, 2014; DAVIES, 2014; DICIOCCIO; MICZO, 2014; ATTARDO, 1994, 2014). The data analysis reveals that the participants’ different levels of comprehension and appreciation of humor in Friends depend both on their linguistic proficiency and on their background knowledge on American culture and of world globalized culture. Such factors led to the active and responsive engagement of the undergraduates in dialogical interactions and the collective construction of meanings during the classes. As the participants positioned themselves at different levels of appropriation of the humor in the LC2, they also recognized the importance of such factor in the construction of their subjectivities as future English teachers. / Este estudo de caso etnográfico teve como objetivo demonstrar até que ponto doze aprendizes de inglês como L2/LE se apropriam dos elementos constitutivos do humor no nível discursivo da languaculture-inglês. Buscamos ainda evidenciar como esses aprendizes avaliam o seu nível de conhecimento discursivo do inglês por meio de práticas discursivas envolvendo o humor, assim como as implicações dessa apropriação do humor em inglês para suas futuras práticas profissionais como professores dessa L2/LE. Os dados foram gerados em uma turma de Inglês 4 da Licenciatura em Letras/Inglês da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade Federal de Goiás (FL/UFG). Foi implementado um esforço para desenhar e integrar atividades explorando o humor da comédia de situação estadunidense Friends (BRIGHT; KAUFFMAN; CRANE, 1994-2004) em oito aulas do programa da disciplina entre novembro de 2015 e fevereiro de 2016. Foram explorados quatro episódios de Friends. A geração de dados se deu a partir do questionário aplicado no início do estudo, das gravações em áudio e vídeo das aulas, dos registros das observações da professora-pesquisadora em diário de campo e das entrevistas com os participantes após finalizados os trabalhos em sala de aula. Este trabalho fundamenta-se na perspectiva dialógica de Bakhtin (2011, 2012, 2014), nos estudos sobre humor com ênfase no ensino aprendizagem de línguas (BELL; POMERANTZ, 2014; 2015; 2016) assim como nas inter-relações entre humor, língua, cultura (KRAMSCH, 1998, 2013; RISAGER, 2006; CORBETT, 2003, POPA, 2014; DAVIES, 2014; DICIOCCIO; MICZO, 2014; ATTARDO, 1994, 2014). Os dados revelam que os diferentes níveis de compreensão e apreciação do humor na languaculture-inglês (LC2) ora dependem da proficiência linguística dos participantes, ora de seu conhecimento prévio de fatores da cultura estadunidense e da cultura globalizada. Isso provoca o engajamento responsivo ativo dos licenciandos em interações dialógicas significativas e a construção conjunta de sentidos durante as aulas. Ao se posicionarem de formas distintas quanto ao seu nível de apropriação do humor na LC2, os alunos evidenciam a importância desse fator na construção de suas subjetividades como futuros professores de inglês.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23222号 / 工博第4866号 / 新制||工||1759(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科高分子化学専攻 / (主査)教授 秋吉 一成, 教授 大内 誠, 准教授 松岡 秀樹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Illegal substance use in the United States is a growing problem, and a western state has a higher than average rate of drug offenders. Many courts, including misdemeanor courts, have limited to no budget for drug treatment programs outside of the drug court treatment programs. As such, many court-ordered drug treatment programs, when drug counseling is ordered in exchange for a reduction in charges, are outsourced to privately owned companies. The drug counseling entails a single 8-hour outsourced drug counseling course, which includes either in-person, online, or correspondence-based counseling. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the three modalities of the lower level drug counseling course. Effectiveness was measured by comparing recidivism rates of offenders completing each of the three modalities of the program. A second goal of the study was to investigate whether relationships exist in recidivism rates as a function of modality of program delivery, type of drug used by offenders, risk of re-offense, or an interaction between the three. Archival data (N = 395) were collected from a misdemeanor court, and the results of an ordinal logistic regression indicated a statistically significant relationship between recidivism, risk, and modalities of counseling. The modality that was most effective was the online modality of counseling, for offenders who had no risk, and reduced the potential for recidivism by 79%. The results of this study could assist the local government in determining the effectiveness of each of the three modalities of the abbreviated drug counseling program and assist in future decisions regarding development of drug counseling programs and necessary funding for those programs, providing potential for positive social change.

No description available.

Emerging research highlights the role of self-regulation in the treatment of sexual offenders. Safe Offender Strategies (SOS) is a manualized sex offender treatment program that emphasizes the role of self-regulation and self-regulatory skills development in sex offender treatment, particularly for offenders with serious mental illness and intellectual/developmental disabilities. The current study involves 156 adult male sexual offenders in an inpatient psychiatric setting who received SOS treatment for a period ranging from 6 months to 1 year. Participants’ baseline and treatment data were obtained from archival medical records describing 1 year pre-treatment and up to 2 years of treatment participation. Dependent variables included monthly count rates of verbal and physical aggression and contact and noncontact sexual offending, as well as sexual deviancy attitudes, self-regulatory ability, and cooperation with treatment and supervision, as measured by the Sex Offender Treatment Intervention and Progress Scale (SOTIPS). Data were examined via paired-samples t tests, regression, and multilevel modeling, examining the impact of overall percentage of SOS groups attended over time, comparing participants’ baseline measures to data from 2 years of treatment. The impact of predicted risk was also evaluated. Significant treatment dose effects were identified for improvements in aggression, sexual offending, and indicators of treatment compliance and change. These findings suggest that the skills-based, self-regulation approach utilized in SOS may be effective in improving clients’ aggressive and sexual behaviors, attitudes toward their offenses and treatment, and self-regulatory ability over time. Implications for further research and treatment generalizability are discussed.

Quantum dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs) have emerged as a promising technology in the mid- and far-infrared (3-25 μm) for medical and environmental sensing that have a lot of advantages over current technologies based on Mercury Cadmium Telluride (MCT) and quantum well (QW) infrared photodetectors (QWIPs). In addition to the uniform and stable surface growth of III/V semiconductors suitable for large area focal plane applications and thermal imaging, the three dimension confinement in QDs allow sensitivity to normal incidence, high responsivity, low darkcurrent and high operating temperature. The growth, processing and characterizations of these detectors are costly and take a lot of time. So, developing theoretical models based on the physical operating principals will be so useful in characterizing and optimizing the device performance. Theoretical models based on non-equilibrium Green's functions have been developed to electrically and optically characterize different structures of QDIPs. The advantage of the model over the previous developed classical and semiclassical models is that it fairly describes quantum transport phenomenon playing a significant role in the performance of such nano-devices and considers the microscopic device structure including the shape and size of QDs, heterostructure device structure and doping density. The model calculates the density of states from which all possible energy transitions can be obtained and hence obtains the operating wavelengths for intersubband transitions. The responsivity due to intersubband transitions is calculated and the effect of having different sizes and different height-to-diameter ratio QDs can be obtained for optimization. The dark and photocurrent are calculated from the quantum transport equation provided by the model and their characteristics at different design parameter are studied. All the model results show good agreement with the available experimental results. The detectivity has been calculated from the dark and photocurrent characteristics at different design parameters. The results shows a trade off between the responsivity and detectivity and what determines the best performance is how much the rate of increase of the photocurrent and dark current is affected by changing the design parameters. Theoretical modeling developed in the thesis give good description to the QDIP different characteristics that will help in getting good estimation to their physical performance and hence allow for successful device design with optimized performance and creating new devices, thus saving both time and money. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Syftet med studien är att skapa förståelse för hur kvinnor på kvinnodominerade arbetsplatser upplever kritik. Studien kommer att vara en fältstudie vari man granskar kvinnor som är verksamma inom förskolan, då tidigare forskning visat på en klar majoritet av kvinnor inom denna yrkeskår. Avsikten med studien är inte att uppnå någon objektiv sanning av verkligheten, dock avser denna studie tolka eventuella fenomen som rör ämnet, samt skapa en förståelse för individens syn på begreppet. Informanterna har valts ut strategiskt, vidare präglas informanternas deltagande av självselektion. Man kommer inte att ta hänsyn till andra variabler än kön vad gäller urvalet. Teorier som studien vilar på är den symboliska interaktionismen där bland annat dess syn på rationalitet behandlas. Vidare tas Johan Asplunds teori om social responsivitet i beaktning och avslutningsvis Erving Goffmans teori om identitetsskapande. De slutsatser som kan dras i och med denna studie är att relationerna mellan individerna i en grupp verkar ha stor betydelse för hur man upplever kritik. För att undvika missförstånd kring det valda ämnet verkar allmän mening råda att "definitionen av situationen" är något man bör ta i beaktande, detta då kritik till en början upplevs som någonting negativt. / The purpose of this study is to create an understanding of how women in female dominated workplaces are experiencing criticism. The study will be a field study which is examining women who are active in preschool, when previous research has demonstrated a clear majority of women in this profession. The intention of this study is not to create any objective truth of reality, however, relate this study to interpret and describe any phenomena related to the topic, and create an understanding of the individual's perception of the concept. The informants were chosen strategically, further characterized the informants' participation of self-selection. It will not take into account, variables other than gender in terms of selection. Theories that the study rests on is the symbolic interactionism, which, among other things, its view of rationality is treated. Furthermore the theory of Johan Asplund, social responsivity, is taken into consideration and, finally, Erving Goffman's theory of identity formation. The conclusions to be drawn, in and of this study is that the relations between individuals in a group seems to have a major impact on how people perceive criticism. To avoid misunderstandings about the chosen topic appears public opinion, advise that the "definition of the situation" is something you should take into consideration, so where the spontaneous reaction of criticism is negative.