Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-13T14:39:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Hozane Leite Dantas.pdf: 728024 bytes, checksum: e578bad7a4f79d4fe9d1abd9c3ccc3d9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-13T14:39:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hozane Leite Dantas.pdf: 728024 bytes, checksum: e578bad7a4f79d4fe9d1abd9c3ccc3d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-09 / The São Francisco River is 2700 km long, draining areas of the States of Minas Gerais, Goias, Bahia, Pernambuco, Alagoas, and Sergipe, as well as part of the Federal District. Before the construction of Paulo Afonso Hydroeletric Power Plant, waterfalls of Paulo Afonso (north-eastern Brazil) and its respective lakes already constituted a natural obstacle to fish migration. Nowadays, the construction of hydroelectric dams between medium and submedium São Francisco River associated flooding along rivers, pollution and the introduction of exotic species can alter ecosystems and pose serious threats to native aquatic species, especially those that perform migration for reproduction. One of the most threatened fish migratory species is the Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, a catfish species, locally named surubim. The surubim is the first predator of São Francisco River and it is considered the most appreciated freshwater fish on the north-eastern Brazil. The conservation of freshwater fish species has traditionally been done thought restocking programs. Genetic variability is essential to maintain the capability of restocked fish to adapt to a changing environment. Therefore, if long term persistence of species is the goal that conservation biology is intending to achieve, genetic variability is of the utmost importance to preserve. One approach that have been successfully used in uncovering cryptic population structure in freshwater is microsatellite markers. Samples from three populations were analyzed for six different microsatellite markers. PCR products were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and stained with silver nitrate. The results showed a wide diversity of alleles for all populations, where a total of 47 alleles were found. The expected heterozygosities showed an average of 0.7498 for the population of Remanso, 0.7142 for the population of Três Marias and 0.7372 for the population of Bom Jesus da Lapa. The average observed heterozygosity were 0.7170, 0.6643 and 0.7132 for the populations of Remanso, Três Marias and Bom Jesus da Lapa respectively. All populations showed loci in deviation from Hardy-Weinberg, but locus Pcor2 was the only one who showed deviation in all populations. The average values of FIS was 0.0348 in Remanso, 0.0583 in Três Marias and 0.0160 in Bom Jesus da Lapa. The fixation index FST obtained was 0.0246, indicating a small degree of differentiation between the populations studied. The universe of alleles shared among populations associated with the low value of FST indicates that this is a panmitic population. These results indicated that breeders can be São Francisco River basin, saving time in restocking programs in terms of growing fish. Hence, this study can now be used as a parameter for the construction of the founder stock to be used in restocking programs or in evaluating the genetic structure of existing stocks founders, as well as monitoring offspring from these programs. / O rio São Francisco apresenta 2700 km de extensão, percorre cinco estados brasileiros e é conhecido como “rio da integração nacional”. Construção de hidrelétricas associadas a outros fatores comprometem os peixes nesse ambiente, principalmente aqueles que efetuam piracema. Dentre esses se destaca o Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, conhecido como surubim ou pintado em algumas regiões, que vêm sofrendo com as problemáticas existentes nesta bacia comprometendo seriamente seus estoques naturais, especialmente na região do Submédio São Francisco. Diante disto se faz necessário investimentos em programas de propagação artificial para a recuperação deste recurso que mantenham a diversidade genética local. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a estrutura genética de populações selvagens de surubim do rio São Francisco, através da utilização de marcadores moleculares de microssatélite. Amostras de três populações foram analisadas para seis diferentes marcadores de microssatélite. Os produtos de PCR foram separados por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida e corados com nitrato de prata. Os resultados mostraram uma ampla diversidade de alelos para todas as populações sendo encontrados 47 alelos no total. As heterozigosidades esperadas apresentaram média de 0,7498 para a população de Remanso, 0,7142 para a população de Três Marias e 0,7372 para a população de Bom Jesus da Lapa. As médias da heterozigosidade observada foram 0,7170, 0,6643 e 0,7132 para as populações de Remanso, Três Marias e Bom Jesus da Lapa respectivamente. Todas as populações apresentaram loci em desvio do Equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg. Os valores médios de FIS encontrados foram 0,0348 para Remanso, 0,0583 para Três Marias e 0,0160 para Bom Jesus da Lapa. O índice de fixação FST obtido foi de 0,0246, indicando um pequeno grau de diferenciação entre as populações estudadas. O universo de alelos compartilhados entre as populações estudadas associados ao baixo valor do FST indicam que se trata de uma população panmítica. Com esse resultado, reprodutores poderiam ser capturados ao longo de toda a extensão do São Francisco reduzindo o tempo de manejo em programas de repovoamento. Este trabalho caracterizou as populações selvagens quanto a sua variabilidade genética, podendo agora ser utilizado como paramêtro para a construção do estoque fundador que será utilizado em programas de repovoamento ou na validação de estoques fundadores já existentes, bem como no monitoramento das progênies desses advindos desses programas.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-15T13:46:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Karine Kelly Cavalcanti Oliveira.pdf: 775211 bytes, checksum: a252b067bc8c7be94d94fe9b48509a38 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-15T13:46:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karine Kelly Cavalcanti Oliveira.pdf: 775211 bytes, checksum: a252b067bc8c7be94d94fe9b48509a38 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The piau-verdadeiro (Leporinus elongatus) is a freshwater fish that inhabits rivers of Paraná-Paraguai and São Francisco basins. Along these regions were built huge dams for power generation, which is hindering the reproductive migration of many species. Populations of L. elongatus have decreased, with greater decline in the region of sub-middlle São Francisco. Many electric companies and government are restocking perform without worrying about ecological principles, so little genetic. These management actions, in the long run, may lead to a decrease in the genetic diversity of these stocks, which can aggravate the adaptation of these populations. In this study, microsatellite markers of L. elongatus were constructed through a genomic library enriched for tetranucleotide motifs (GACA)4 and (GATA)7. Of a total of 14 markers that consistently amplified, seven were monomorphic and seven polymorphic. All markers successfully amplified for L. elongatus, however, for species of the same genus, L. reinhardt and L. taeniatus, only the marker Lelo 12 amplified to L. reinhardt. The seven polymorphic markers were assessed in a wild population of 44 individuals caught in the Upper São Francisco (MG). The number of alleles varied between five (Lelo 20) to 29 (Lelo 13), the observed and expected heterozygoties ranged from 0.568 to 0.977 and from 0.533 to 0.964, respectively. All the markers studied are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and null alleles were not detected, however, two markers, Lelo 4 and Lelo 14 are connected on the same chromosome. These are the first microsatellite markers developed for this species and its characteristics allow it to be used in studies of population genetics, conservation and monitoring of restocking programs of the São Francisco River. / O piau-verdadeiro (Leporinus elongatus) é um peixe de água doce que habita rios das bacias do Paraná-Paraguai e do São Francisco. Ao longo destas regiões foram construídos imensos barramentos para geração de energia, o que vem prejudicando a migraçao reprodutiva de muitas espécies. As populações de L. elongatus têm diminuído, com maior declínio na região do submédio São Francisco. Muitas empresas hidrelétricas e governamentais realizam repovoamento sem a preocupação com princípios ecológicos, tão pouco genéticos. Estas ações de manejo, em longo prazo, podem provocar uma diminuição na diversidade genética destes estoques, o que pode agravar a adaptação destas populações. Neste trabalho, marcadores de microssatélites de L. elongatus, foram construídos através de uma biblioteca genômica enriquecida para motivos tetranucleotídeos (GACA)4 e (GATA)7. De um total de 14 marcadores que amplificaram consistentemente, sete foram monomórficos e sete, polimóficos. Todos os marcadores amplificaram com sucesso para o L. elongatus, no entanto, para espécies do mesmo gênero, L. reinhardt e L. taeniatus, apenas o marcador Lelo 12 amplificou para o L. reinhardt. Os sete marcadores polimórficos foram avaliados em uma população selvagem de 44 indivíduos capturados no Alto São Francisco (MG). O número de alelos variou de cinco a 29, as heterosigozidades observadas e esperadas variaram de 0,568 a 0,977 e de 0,533 a 0,964, respectivamente. Todos os marcadores estudados estão em equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg e não apresentaram alelos nulos, entretanto, dois marcadores, Lelo 4 e Lelo 14 estão ligados em um mesmo cromossomo. Esses são os primeiros marcadores de microssatélite desenvolvidos para esta espécie e suas características permitem que sejam usados em estudos de genética populacional, conservação e monitoramento de programas de repovoamento do rio São Francisco.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-16T16:50:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Miguel Arcanjo dos Santos Neto.pdf: 268842 bytes, checksum: ffc97fe7f597d810577265479d03c8e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-16T16:50:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miguel Arcanjo dos Santos Neto.pdf: 268842 bytes, checksum: ffc97fe7f597d810577265479d03c8e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-29 / The surubim, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, is one of the most important native fish species in South American hydrographic basins, especially in São Francisco River, where it is considered a top chain predator. Different aspects have contributed to the decline of this species populations, especially at the submedium São Francisco, thus raising the necessity of a restocking program to recover the resource. A basic principle in such programs is that a large number of unrelated wild fish should ideally be used as founders, when possible or, alternatively, a small number of unrelated wild fish with few genetic relatedness could be used. Therefore, the genetic structure of the founder stock constitutes an essencial information to the success of such programs. This project aimed to evaluate the genetic structure of the founder stock of the restocking program of surubim maintained by Chesf in Paulo Afonso city, through the use of microsatellite molecular markers. DNA of 80 breeders were genotyped for 5 different microsatellite markers. PCR products were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis stained with silver nitrate. Statistical analysis were carried out using GENEPOP software, in which parameters such as number of alleles (A), observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosities (He), Hardy-Weinberg deviation, linkage disequilibrium and inbreeding coefficient (FIS) were calculated. GenAlEx 6.1 was used to calculate the number of effective alleles and relatedness coefficient (rxy). Results showed that the number of alleles ranged between from 6 to 18 and the number of effective alleles, from 3.28 to 9.25. Average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.63 and 0.84, respectively. All loci, except Pcor5, showed deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0,001). Average inbreeding coefficient (FIS) for the 5 loci was 0.24. The analysis of linkage disequilibrium, when corrected by Bonferroni, were significant for loci Pcor21 and Pcor10 (P<0.05). The average relatedness coefficient (rxy) was -0.008 for a total number of 2926 possible pairwise combinations. A great genetic diversity, expressed in number of alleles and in a low value of average relatedness, was obtained despite a deficit of heterozygotes was observed in this stock. Such deficit seems to reflect the strategy adopted in the composition of this stock, in which individuals caught at the medium and lower São Francisco River, separated by two dams, were mixed together. It is feasible to conclude that this founder stock retained genetic diversity comparable to those found in the wild stocks and could be used in a restocking program. / Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (surubim) é um peixe encontrado nas principais bacias hidrográficas sul-americanas, sendo considerado o primeiro predador da bacia do Rio São Francisco. Diversos fatores vêm comprometendo seriamente as populações de surubim no São Francisco, especialmente no submédio, despertando a necessidade de se investir em programas de propagação artificial que recuperem este recurso. Uma premissa básica de tais programas é utilizar um grande número de indivíduos selvagens como estoque fundador, quando possível, ou alternativamente, um número menor de indivíduos selvagens, mas com pouca relação genética de parentesco. A estrutura genética do plantel de fundadores constitui, portanto, uma informação essencial para o sucesso de um programa de repovoamento. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a estrutura genética do plantel de fundadores do programa de repovoamento do surubim, a ser desenvolvido pela Chesf em Paulo Afonso, através da utilização de marcadores moleculares de microssatélite. DNA de 80 reprodutores foram analisados para 5 diferentes marcadores de microssatélite. Os produtos de PCR foram separados por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida corados com nitrato de prata. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando-se o programa computacional GENEPOP, onde parâmetros como número de alelos (A), heterozigosidades observada (Ho) e esperada (He), desvio do equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg, desequilíbrio de ligação e coeficiente de consangüinidade (FIS) foram calculados. O programa GenAlEx 6.1 foi utilizado para calcular o número de alelos efetivos e o estimador de relação genética (rxy). Os resultados mostraram que o número de alelos variou de 6 a 18 e o de alelos efetivos (Ae), de 3,28 a 9,25. As heterozigosidades médias observadas e esperadas encontradas foram de 0,63 e 0,84, respectivamente. Todos os loci, a exceção do Pcor5, mostraram desvio do equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg (P<0,001). O coeficiente de consangüinidade (FIS) médio calculado para os 5 loci foi de 0,24. As análises de desequilíbrio de ligação, quando corrigidas pelo método de Bonferroni, mostraram-se significativas apenas para os loci Pcor21 e Pcor10 (P<0,05). O valor médio do coeficiente de relação genética (rxy) foi de -0,008 para um total de 2926 combinações de possíveis casais. Uma grande diversidade alélica caracterizou o estoque fundador e, muito embora um déficit de heterozigotos tenha sido registrado, uma baixa relação de parentesco foi encontrada para o plantel em questão. Tal déficit parece refletir a estratégia de composição deste plantel em que indivíduos, oriundos do médio e do baixo São Francisco, separados por duas barragens, foram unidos. É possível concluir que o plantel fundador manteve uma diversidade alélica comparável àquela encontrada em estoques selvagens e poderá ser usado em um programa de repovoamento.

In this thesis, molecular genetic methods were used to study a threatened species, the Eurasian otter. Estimates of population size and population dynamics parameters were obtained, the genetic effects of a restocking program was evaluated, and a population viability analysis was conducted to assess which demographic parameters are most important for the future viability of an otter population. Many of the studies were based on noninvasive genetic sampling of faeces. In the genetic evaluation of the restocking program, it was found that the released otters had contributed to subsequent generations. However, the effects were to a large degree limited to the near surroundings of the release areas. Comparison of two census methods, snow-tracking and noninvasive genetic census based on faeces, showed that approximately only half of the otters detected with the genetic census were found with the snow-tracking census. It is recommended to combine these two methods to obtain the most reliable estimates of population size. A short-term study on population dynamics in otters showed that apparent survival was higher in females than in males and that the rate of addition was also high and likely influenced by migration. The population viability analysis incorporated both genetics and demography and revealed that survival to first reproduction was the most crucial demographic parameter affecting the viability of the study population. This result suggests that conservation efforts should be focused on protocols that enhance the survival prospects of young females. Environmental stochasticity was also found to have large effects on the probability of extinction of this population.

In Sweden, intense human land use, especially forestry, has led to profound changes in the landscape over time, especially within the forest ecosystems. A consequence of this is that several specialist species have become endangered. One group of specialists is the woodpeckers. The middle spotted woodpecker became extinct in Sweden in 1982 and the white-backed woodpecker is today Sweden’s most critically endangered forest-living bird. The white-backed woodpecker is dependent on old deciduous forests, rich in dead wood. The woodpecker is areademanding and hence one of the best indicators or umbrella species for biodiversity in this region. A long-term goal within the conservation of the species is to be able to make more accurate predictions of what is needed in the species habitat to establish a viable population, both in terms of composition of landscape and breeding territories. In addition to earlier studies better tools are needed for measuring the distribution of suitable and potential habitats and finding faster ways of creating optimal habitats. In an attempt to secure the future existence of the white-backed woodpecker in Sweden, restocking of birds are carried out. This presupposes availability of suitable habitats as well as strong enough landscape. Due to intense forestry the presumption for the species is, as stated above, alarming. Comparing the different populations around the Baltic Sea and Norway, great differences but also similarities can be seen, in landscape as well as in territory composition. It seems that fragmentation of foraging patches as well as amount of dead deciduous wood within the breeding territory is critical matters. Grey alder stands in Sweden should have high priority in conservation of habitat for the species. / <p>Funding agency: Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC)</p>

This study focused on the management of the red sea urchin Loxechinus albus fishery in Chile. The main objective was to design, construct, implement and assess a computer-based simulation model to analyse the biological effects, socio-economic consequences and spatial dynamics resulting from coastal management plans applied to this resource under the system of AMEBR. This was accomplished by using systems dynamics (SD) and geographical information systems (GIS) modelling, in a process of model development, run, optimisation, sensitivity analysis and risk management, and a series of field-based activities carried out at the cove of Quintay. The GIS model developed for allocating sea urchins restocking sites offered a flexible, cost-effective, user-friendly and descriptive technique for support decision-making on management of this species and other benthic resources. Final site selection for restocking was based on the identification, quantification and selection of higher suitability¦availability combinations (site categories). This map showed 16 different suitability¦availability combinations or site categories, ranging from 4¦100 to 8¦100 (suitability points¦availability %). These had an average of 6.44¦69.37 (covering an area of 82.5 Ha overall equivalent to 81.21% of the study area. This site classification demonstrated high heterogeneity between options, and revealed the full variety of alternatives for decision-making. More importantly, the generally high suitability indexes as well as available area emphasised the prospects for restocking sea urchins in this study area. Over and above of the quantitative outcomes obtained from running the GISRM (suitable and available restocking sites) and the BSESM (alternative strategic management plans), the case study-based analysis made it possible to disclose the wider issues related to the red sea urchin coastal management. These results demonstrated the biological inefficiency of traditional size/seasonal restriction-based approach (macro-scenario 1) for sustainable management of the target species. More importantly, final outcomes strongly suggested that a combination of adaptive restocking-based enhancement activities and flexible exploitation constituted a highly attractive approach (macro-scenario 3) for stock management of this fishery in terms of harvestable stock and related incomes. However from the economic analysis, stocking was also found to be economically unfeasible, being a rather cost intensive exercise negatively affected by high natural mortality rates. A single-variable optimisation analysis demonstrated that a higher survival rate is needed to generate sufficient profits to cover major restocking costs and a positive payment, or a cost reduction is essential to make up for the loss. On top to these practical constraints, based on the distinctive modest economic situation prevailing for most Chilean coves and hence their limited capacity to pay for stocking material, unless adequate and constant funding is available to support artisanal associations, they are very unlikely to develop mass release programmes. Given the economic (i.e.: high operating costs) and technical (i.e.: low survival rates) limitations conditioning stocking-based management cost-effectiveness and applicability, wide implementation of mass releases as a major approach for management of the red sea urchin fishery is very unlikely to take place in Chile. This study presents a methodology and offers a tool to design, evaluate and optimise coastal management plans for the red sea urchin in a dynamic, interactive, systematic, integrated and flexible way. The optional strategic management plans proposed on this study may not be applied equally to any AMEBR, as they are the outputs arising from a single cove-specific analysis. Still, the complete methodological framework and analysis procedures developed may be applied to run the BSESM and optimise management of a red sea urchin fishery at any other AMEBR case of study.

Ce travail vise une meilleure compréhension de l’adaptation aux conditions d’élevage par une approche comportementale basée sur la comparaison de diverses populations de téléostéens pour trois espèces, l’une marine, le bar (Dicentrarchus labrax), les deux autres d’eau douce, l’omble chevalier (Salvelinus alpinus) et la truite commune (Salmo trutta). La thèse s’articule en deux parties qui ont permis : 1) de tester des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques sélectionnés en fonction de leur importance en élevage du bar et de l’omble chevalier. 2) de caractériser les effets de la domestication sur le comportement par le biais d’une comparaison entre des bars ou des truites sauvages et domestiqués à des âges différents et dans des contextes variables (challenges, labyrinthe). Dans la première partie, les travaux réalisés sur l’omble chevalier ont montré que la présence d’un refuge artificiel durant la phase de nutrition endogène induisait une forte diminution de la mobilité accompagnée de meilleures performances de croissance et d’une survie plus importante, que la taille de l’œuf et l’environnement social jouaient un rôle important sur le comportement alimentaire et la mobilité des juvéniles dans les semaines qui suivent la première nutrition exogène. Les travaux réalisés sur le bar ont montré qu’un aliment végétal ne modifiait pas les capacités d’apprentissage en condition d’auto-alimentation ni leurs capacités cognitives en situation de test en labyrinthe, mais qu’il semble réduire l’activité de nage et la libération à court terme du cortisol. Une autre expérience a montré que la pratique du tri et l’environnement social qui en résulte, en conditions d’auto-alimentation, a peu d’influence sur la demande, le rythme, le gaspillage alimentaires, la structure sociale, les performances de croissance et le statut physiologique. Une période de trois semaines de jeûne, enfin, ne modifie pas la structure sociale et les manipulateurs principaux sont les mêmes avant et après cette période, ce qui pourrait être lié à l’existence de traits de personnalité basés sur le pourcentage d’activation de la tige tactile du dispositif d’auto-alimentation. Dans la seconde partie de la thèse, l’expérience sur la truite a mis en évidence un effet de la domestication sur l’activité de nage avant et après application d’un stress lumineux, en utilisant un matériel biologique contrôlé par génotypage (vitesse angulaire plus élevée chez les individus sauvages, vitesse moyenne et distance parcourue plus importantes chez les individus domestiqués). Les expériences réalisées sur le bar ont comparé des populations sauvages capturées à l’état larvaire dans le milieu naturel à des populations standard industrielles. La première a montré l’influence combinée de l’âge et de mécanismes d’ordre ontogénique sur l’activité de nage et le taux de réponse de fuite (diminution chez les deux catégories de larve). L’impact de la domestication se traduit par des différences entre individus sauvages et domestiquées (vitesse angulaire et vigilance plus élevés chez les individus sauvages). En situation de labyrinthe, la domestication ne semble pas avoir d’influence sur le grégarisme et la cognition chez le bar, mais il existe une forte variabilité individuelle. La discrimination de la familiarité, enfin, n’a pu être mise en évidence que chez les individus domestiqués.L’approche comportementale a permis de révéler une plasticité en réponse à quelques facteurs abiotiques et abiotiques, qui constitue un véritable levier adaptatif pour les téléostéens en élevage. L’effet de la domestication sur le comportement a également été démontré ainsi que l’influence de l’âge et des mécanismes ontogéniques dont la nature reste à déterminer. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans la lignée des travaux qui vise à sélectionner les téléostéens sur leurs traits de personnalité dans l’optique d’une adaptation optimale en élevage ou dans la perspective de programmes de repeuplement. / The present work aims at a better understanding of the adaptation to farming conditions through a behavioural approach based on the comparison between wild vs. domesticated populations of three species: a marine species, sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), two freshwater species, arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and brown trout (Salmo trutta). The thesis is divided into two parts which objectives were : 1) to test the impact of biotic and abiotic factors selected based on their importance in aquaculture on sea bass and artic charr behavioural plasticity (behavioural modifications in response to environmental changes). 2) to characterize the domestication effect on behaviour through the comparison between wild vs. domesticated sea bass and brown trout at different ages and under different experimental conditions (challenges, maze).In the first part, experiments performed on arctic charr showed that an artificial shelter induced a lower mobility, better growth performances and a higher level of survival during the endogenous feeding period, that egg size and social environment play an important role on feeding behaviour and mobility during the weeks following the first exogenous feeding period. These results illustrated behavioural flexibility in response to abiotic and biotic factors. The findings could be used to improve culture performances and welfare of arctic charr. The experiments performed on sea bass showed that a plant-based diet do neither modify the learning abilities under self-feeding conditions nor the cognition under a test situation in a maze, but has an impact on swimming activity (the mean velocity decreased and the total distance travelled decreased) and on the short-term release of cortisol (plasmatic concentration lower than the control group). Another experiment showed that, under self-feeding conditions, size grading and the resulting social environment have no major influence on feed-demand, feeding rhythm, food wastage, social structure, growth performances and physiological status. At last, a three-week fasting period does not modify the social structure and high-triggering fish are exactly the same individuals before and after the fasting period. Individual’s triggering activity levels could therefore be considered as personality traits but further research is needed to verify this hypothesis.In the second part of the thesis, the experiment performed on brown trout showed an impact of domestication on swimming activity before and after a light-elicited stress, using a biological material controlled by genotyping. Angular velocity was higher in wild fish while mean velocity and total distance travelled were higher in domesticated fish. All the experiments carried out on sea bass compared wild-caught fish (from the larval stage) to domesticated fish (industrial standard). The first one showed the interplay of age and ontogeny on swimming activity and escape response rate. These variables decreased in fish from both origins. The impact of domestication was shown through differences between wild-caught and domesticated larvae (angular velocity and vigilance level higher in wild fish). They showed that domestication has no influence on gregarism, and cognition in sea bass but there was a high individual variability. The ability to discriminate familiarity was shown only in domesticated fish. The behavioural approach developed in this thesis was demonstrated to be relevant to reveal plasticity in response to a few abiotic and biotic factors among the numerous ones that remain to be investigated. Plasticity plays an important role in the adaptation of fish to culture conditions. Domestication impact on behaviour was also demonstrated as well as the interplay of age and ontogeny. This thesis followed the path and brings new insights for research programs targeting fish selection based upon personality traits in order to improve adaptation for aquaculture or restocking purposes.

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