O presente trabalho - O Pensar e o Repensar sobre o Desenvolvimento - parte da premissa de que estamos submersos num modelo societário que é predatório e que, se por um lado, cria enorme quantidade de bens, por outro, o faz as expensas do agravamento das desigualdades sociais. Este trabalho se alicerça na \"crença\" de que esse quadro de desigualdades não poderá ser superado com a lógica que comanda o capitalismo. Vivemos num mundo controlado, ainda de forma firme, pelo capital, numa era de promessas que não podem ser cumpridas e que, em conseqüência, vem criando esperanças cada vez mais frustradas. Torna-se, então, imperativo abandonar a lógica do capital e adotar uma outra lógica - a do trabalho, para a partir dela, pensar numa outra Totalidade. Esta totalidade deverá ser construída definindo-se diferente relação de produção e, conseqüentemente, criando novas relações humanas, articuladas com outras premissas; relações que definam \"riqueza\", \"necessidades\", \"valor\" e \"utilidade\" de forma diferentes das consagradas pelo capital. Há, então, que se buscar um outro paradigma no qual o surgimento de uma nova ética permitirá uma outra regulação nas relações entre os homens, e entre estes e a natureza. Para a construção dessa outra Totalidade é absolutamente indispensável o fortalecimento da democracia - tomada como estratégia e não como tática. É no processo democrático, construído no dia a dia, sabendo-o, portanto, como processo interminável, que se poderá construir uma Totalidade de superação do capitalismo. Com novos valores e outro enfoque sobre o trabalho, há que se definir novas concepções para educação. Uma educação que pense o homem como criador, como produtor de sua própria vida criativa. Isso posto, não haveria mais lugar para uma educação utilitária, com discurso de qualificação - cuja função explícita é, inclusive, desprovida de veracidade. Não mais uma educação que pense o homem como produtor e como consumidor. Produtor sim, mas não de \"riqueza\"; de sua própria vida criativa. / The present study - The Thinking and Rethinking on the Development - presumes that we are surrendered to a society model that is predatory. Although this society model creates an enormous amount of goods, it does that at the expense of intensifying social inequality. This study is based on the \'belief\' that this inequality cannot be surpassed if the current logic that rules capitalism prevails. We live in a world yet decisively controlled by capitalism, by capital; in an era of promises that cannot be fulfilled, bringing about, as a consequence, increasingly frustrated hope. In this milieu, it is imperative to refuse capital logic and adopt a new one: the labor logic, from which it is possible to foresee another Totality. This totality must be built as a different relation of production, creating, therefore, new human relations, related with distinct premises; relations that will define \"wealth\", \"need\", \"value\" and \"utility\" in different ways than those ascribed by capital. It is urged, then, to look for another paradigm, in which the advent of new Ethics will allow a regulation of new type in the relation amongst human beings, and between them and the nature.The emergence of this distinct Totality requires the strengthening of democracy - taken as strategy and not as tactics. It will be in this democratic process, created on daily basis - therefore considered as an ongoing process - that a Totality for the capital suppression may be built. Along with new values and another viewpoint on labor, new education concepts must be defined; those that consider the human being as the creator, the producer of his/her creative life. Taking this notion in consideration, there would be no more room for a utilitarian education perspective, with its qualification speech - whose explicit objective is misleading. There will be no room for an education that looks at the human being as producer and consumer of goods and services. Indeed a producer of his own creative life, and not of \"wealth\".

O presente trabalho - O Pensar e o Repensar sobre o Desenvolvimento - parte da premissa de que estamos submersos num modelo societário que é predatório e que, se por um lado, cria enorme quantidade de bens, por outro, o faz as expensas do agravamento das desigualdades sociais. Este trabalho se alicerça na \"crença\" de que esse quadro de desigualdades não poderá ser superado com a lógica que comanda o capitalismo. Vivemos num mundo controlado, ainda de forma firme, pelo capital, numa era de promessas que não podem ser cumpridas e que, em conseqüência, vem criando esperanças cada vez mais frustradas. Torna-se, então, imperativo abandonar a lógica do capital e adotar uma outra lógica - a do trabalho, para a partir dela, pensar numa outra Totalidade. Esta totalidade deverá ser construída definindo-se diferente relação de produção e, conseqüentemente, criando novas relações humanas, articuladas com outras premissas; relações que definam \"riqueza\", \"necessidades\", \"valor\" e \"utilidade\" de forma diferentes das consagradas pelo capital. Há, então, que se buscar um outro paradigma no qual o surgimento de uma nova ética permitirá uma outra regulação nas relações entre os homens, e entre estes e a natureza. Para a construção dessa outra Totalidade é absolutamente indispensável o fortalecimento da democracia - tomada como estratégia e não como tática. É no processo democrático, construído no dia a dia, sabendo-o, portanto, como processo interminável, que se poderá construir uma Totalidade de superação do capitalismo. Com novos valores e outro enfoque sobre o trabalho, há que se definir novas concepções para educação. Uma educação que pense o homem como criador, como produtor de sua própria vida criativa. Isso posto, não haveria mais lugar para uma educação utilitária, com discurso de qualificação - cuja função explícita é, inclusive, desprovida de veracidade. Não mais uma educação que pense o homem como produtor e como consumidor. Produtor sim, mas não de \"riqueza\"; de sua própria vida criativa. / The present study - The Thinking and Rethinking on the Development - presumes that we are surrendered to a society model that is predatory. Although this society model creates an enormous amount of goods, it does that at the expense of intensifying social inequality. This study is based on the \'belief\' that this inequality cannot be surpassed if the current logic that rules capitalism prevails. We live in a world yet decisively controlled by capitalism, by capital; in an era of promises that cannot be fulfilled, bringing about, as a consequence, increasingly frustrated hope. In this milieu, it is imperative to refuse capital logic and adopt a new one: the labor logic, from which it is possible to foresee another Totality. This totality must be built as a different relation of production, creating, therefore, new human relations, related with distinct premises; relations that will define \"wealth\", \"need\", \"value\" and \"utility\" in different ways than those ascribed by capital. It is urged, then, to look for another paradigm, in which the advent of new Ethics will allow a regulation of new type in the relation amongst human beings, and between them and the nature.The emergence of this distinct Totality requires the strengthening of democracy - taken as strategy and not as tactics. It will be in this democratic process, created on daily basis - therefore considered as an ongoing process - that a Totality for the capital suppression may be built. Along with new values and another viewpoint on labor, new education concepts must be defined; those that consider the human being as the creator, the producer of his/her creative life. Taking this notion in consideration, there would be no more room for a utilitarian education perspective, with its qualification speech - whose explicit objective is misleading. There will be no room for an education that looks at the human being as producer and consumer of goods and services. Indeed a producer of his own creative life, and not of \"wealth\".

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Mamelodi is a multi-cultural township located 20kms east of the Tshwane city centre. It is a vibrant and complex place, alive with opportunity, diversity, talent and creativity. It is also however, afflicted by many problems, especially those of a social and economic nature, like unemployment, poverty, poor living conditions, and so on. Mamelodi therefore, is a place where the implementation of appropriate design could make a real difference in the lives of its inhabitants. The University of Pretoria Mamelodi campus, due to its prime location and inherent qualities, has the opportunity to contribute significantly to the upliftment and transformation of the people around it, and to become a place of value and pride. It is however, missing this opportunity for a number of reasons: the isolation and segregation of the campus, its anonymity and lack of local identity, as well as the inaccessibility of the campus to local residents. One possible solution would be the full integration of the campus into the surrounding community, thereby enabling the empowerment of people on both a physical and psychological level. Both of these types of empowerment can be achieved through modifications to the University boundaries and the reworking of the open buffer zone into an area of common ground – a transition zone where the University and the community can come together and be of value to one another. There are two levels of value – quantitative, which can be achieved through the implementation of a cultivated landscape, and qualitative, which is made possible through the creation of a maieutic landscape. In order to achieve a continuous, integrated urban fabric, this study primarily investigates the creation of a large-scale framework design that considers the site in its entirety. The organising element in this regard was the existing storm water system which was also regarded as a missed opportunity. The study then progresses to a more detailed level in an area which was deemed to possess challenging and diverse options. The space chosen is located at the entrance to the UP Mamelodi campus library, in the transition zone between University and community, where it functions as a public square. Both the principles of integration and maieusis were applied here in a bid to create an empowering landscape that is immersed in its context, that is accessible, and that is therefore used and appreciated by many. / Dissertation (ML(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Architecture / unrestricted

Emile Acollas (1826-1891), brillant juriste républicain spécialiste des questions de droit civil, est une figure mal connue du monde juridique. Son combat s’inscrit dans la lutte radicale contre le Second Empire et la codification napoléonienne. Homme de convictions juridiques, ce professeur libre enseigne dans ses ouvrages critiques sa conception de la République qu’il veut gouvernée par le Droit et la Liberté. Son ambition d’instituer et de pérenniser la République le conduit à initier la refondation de l’ordre juridique. Une formule nouvelle permettra de mener à bien ce projet, « l’idéal démocratique ». Elle renferme l’héritage des principes de 1789 résumés dans la théorie de l’autonomie de l’individu. Régissant toute la « science politique », cette valeur suprême guidera donc la refonte du Droit. Dans ce processus de changement, la priorité doit être donnée à la famille car elle est l’assise même de la société, la pierre angulaire de l’ordre nouveau. C’est animé par son « Idée du Droit », qu’Acollas conceptualise l’avènement d’un droit familial républicain garant de l’individu et de la morale. Sa philosophie naturaliste de la liberté contredit le droit civil paternaliste de l’époque dicté par le Code Napoléon. Ses analyses juridiques sont pédagogiques et décèlent les lacunes existantes dans le droit du mariage et de la filiation. L’évolution du droit de la famille consacrera, indirectement, les solutions refondatrices du civiliste. Les tous récents aboutissements législatifs semblent même consacrer ce que fut son plaidoyer pour l’égalité / Emile Acollas (1826-1891), brilliant scholar of law, is a figure whose work demands to be discovered in the judicial world. As a civil rights specialist, he took part in the radical movement and fight against the Second Empire and the Napoleonic Code. He was a man of judicial convictions: throughout his work, he exposes his concept of a Republic that he believes should be governed by Law and Liberty.Acollas’ ambition to institutionalize and perpetuate the Republic leads him to initiate a rethinking of the judicial order. His « democratic ideal » becomes the new order that will serve to carry out this reform. It encompasses the heritage of the principles of 1789 summarized in the theory of the autonomy of the individual. It is this supreme value that will thus guide the revision of Law. In this process of change, priority is to be given to the family as the foundation of society and the cornerstone of the new order. Motivated by his « Idea of Law », Acollas creates this concept of Republican Family Law as a guardian of the individual and of ethics. His naturalistic philosophy of liberty contradicts the paternalistic civil law of the times dictated by the Napoleonic Code. His judicial analyses are pedagogical and bring out the existing gaps in the laws governing marriage and filiation. The evolution of Family Law will consecrate, indirectly, the reforms proposed by this civil rights advocate. The very latest legislative breakthroughs seem to consecrate his plea for equality

This dissertation examines Peter Singer's proposed ethical value of the "person" in Rethinking Life and Death . Chapter 1 introduces and outlines Singer's proposal, which argues for abortion, infanticide, euthanasia, and assisted suicide. His proposal consists of four key points. First, there is the foundation for his proposal--rejecting creation for evolution. Second, there is the substance of his proposal--replacing the value of the "human" with the value of the "person." Third, there is the criteria for his proposal--using "indicators" and "relevant characteristics" to identify the kinds of beings who qualify as "persons." Fourth, there are the consequences of his proposal--promising an ethical "Copernican Revolution." Chapters 2-5 critically evaluate the four key ideas from Singer above. The evaluation of the respective key idea in each chapter covers five steps: (1) the context of Singer's proposal; (2) the content of Singer's proposal; (3) positive evaluation; (4) negative critique; and (5) conclusion. The research methodology for the dissertation is to treat Singer's ethical proposal on the "person" as a hypothesis to be tested by his own truth standards of logical consistency, empirical evidence, and practicality. Following these four key chapters, Chapter 6 provides "Summary and Conclusions." The conclusion of this dissertation is that Peter Singer's proposal on life and death is not to be commended because its key elements are not supported by his own standards for testing truth. In fact, when examined by his own truth tests, Singer's program should be rejected because its foundation is faulty, its substance is illusory, its criteria are circular, and its consequences would be grave. / This item is only available to students and faculty of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. If you are not associated with SBTS, this dissertation may be purchased from <a href="http://disexpress.umi.com/dxweb">http://disexpress.umi.com/dxweb</a> or downloaded through ProQuest's Dissertation and Theses database if your institution subscribes to that service.

<p>Syftet med uppsatsen var att studera vilka idéer som ligger till grund för 2009 års Kulturutredning och om den genomsyras av de idéer som inför de administrativa förändringar som kopplas till New Public Management. Detta undersöktes genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av Kulturutredningens betänkande. New Public Management (NPM) är en uppsättning idéer om hur man organiserar och styr offentlig verksamhet och har påverkat verksamheter inom bland annat vård, omsorg och skola de senaste decennierna. Dessa idéer innebär ökat fokus på uppföljning och utvärdering samt att kvalitet kopplas till kostnadseffektivitet. Man sätter upp mål, operationaliserar dem till mätbara prestationer som kopplas till finansiering. Vi har tagit ett institutionellt perspektiv på dessa idéer. Reformförslaget som presenteras kan relateras till de idéer som finns inom NPM. Aktörerna är inte medvetna om den institutionella kontexten, utan tror att de handlar rationellt. Vi menar att de har utgått från ett positivistiskt modernistiskt perspektiv.</p><p> </p> / <p>The purpose of this paper is to examine the ideas behind the rethinking of Sweden’s cultural policy (Kulturutredningen) and if the ideas are related to the abstract management system "New Public Management". In the quest to do this we performed a qualitative content analysis. In the last decades, New Public Management (NPM) has been a popular style in the organization of the Swedish public service. NPM indicates a shift towards an increase of evaluations and control of the public sphere by operational, measureable goals that sets the terms for the financial allowance. In this paper we are trying to understand ideas through an institutional perspective. In our conclusion we describe the reform the rethinking suggests as under influence of NPM-ideas. The rethinking doesn’t recognize its institutional context and the influence of the NPM-ideas. Instead we are asserting that they are suggesting a rational reform. We claim that they have a perception of the world as right and wrong choices, and that one rationally can choose the right.</p>