The thesis deals with the problem of blind people in the Czech Republic. It describes the care for the blind from their birth to an old age. It deals with the specifics of different age groups and describes organizations providing care for them. The thesis contains the current problems from the practical point of view, case studies and the interviews with blind people.

In the Western world, and specifically in New Zealand, a major impetus for retraining has arisen quite recently and gone largely unnoticed. The new social phenomenon, retraining in the sense of education for occupational change, is examined in this study. Alongside the three traditionally recognised groups of adult learners: those learning for leisure; second chance learners who have been previously educationally disadvantaged; and upskillers who seek to enhance their existing credentials through further tertiary education; is a fourth; the reskillers, those who are seeking education for occupational change. Women are shown to be pioneers in leading social change in this area of retraining. The key questions investigated in this thesis concern the existence of this new phenomenon in New Zealand; whether it is national or worldwide; and whether its origins are local or international. Whether there are distinctive characteristics to the manifestation of this phenomenon in New Zealand is investigated by examining current policy and practice. Additional questions concern whether there are feature of New Zealand employment or education which make upskilling and reskilling more or less likely in this country; the significance of women being the first to take up education for occupational change and what can be learnt from comparison with other countries specifically the Netherlands and England. Education takes place within a set of intersecting socio-political contexts. In the modern world these are simultaneously international, national, local and institutional. They impact on participants in a course of study yet are not often manifest to the individual. 'Learning for life’ is a significant area of both international and national socio-political concern, manifesting itself in a significant set of public discourses and in social phenomena which, as in this case of education for occupational change, are little researched or understood. The historical evolution of public policy relating to adult learners, internationally, and in New Zealand, is documented, with a particular focus on the period from the 1960s onwards. The major theoretical and ideological constructs are outlined and critiqued particularly with reference to public policy in New Zealand. Analysis shows an inexorable shift over time away from knowledge and skills attained through praxis, to knowledge and skills attained through formal institutionalised learning. At the same time as this change was taking place, participation rates in first secondary, and then tertiary, education rose. Concurrently more and more women entered tertiary education in order to make their way into an increasingly credentialised workforce. It is suggested that, credentials are used for screening purposes in addition to providing individuals with knowledge and skills needed for the occupations they enter. Case studies are used to illustrate and document these changes. Policies relating to learning for life are examined with reference to three different countries: New Zealand, England and the Netherlands. Provision of tertiary education for adults is investigated, and then illustrated through the coverage provided by institutions in three cities, Christchurch, Leicester and Utrecht. These studies show that different countries are subject to international geo-political and ideological forces but respond to them in locally and historically determined ways. The case study/qualitative analysis of the Christchurch Polytechnic’s Next Step Centre for Women and the New Outlook for Women courses illustrates the ways in which the twists and turns of public policy in New Zealand over thirty years have affected women wishing to seek education for occupational change. A quantitative study of mature students and their motivations for returning to study at the Christchurch Polytechnic allows for the impact of public policy and institutional provision on a group of mature individuals to be assessed. The study concludes that education for occupational change appears to be more advanced in New Zealand than in the European countries chosen for comparison. This may result more from individual initiative and the conditions which promote this, than from state policy direction or institutional provision. Policy consequences are proposed on the basis of these findings.

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What is the meaning of the Mexican-American's job displacement and participation in a training program? To answer this question, this study adopted hermeneutic phenomenology as a methodological approach. My intention was to search for deep meaning of job displacement followed by entering an educational program. Ten Mexican-American individuals who had been displaced from their job due to economic and trade reasons, and who later participated in a retraining program, were interviewed. Tentative themes were drawn from the analysis, and 15 thematic categories were confirmed after follow-up interviews. The themes were: Mexican-American Culture, Machismo, Self-determination, Resilience, Union Membership, Job Security, Have Someone Advocate for Their Rights, Job Displacement, Trade-related Closure, Breach of the Psychological Contract, Emotional Distress, Education and Retraining, Entrepreneurship and Problems with Workforce Benefits. The themes were expanded based on participants' words and then discussed through a post-analysis literature review. Recommendations were made to government and non-government organizations advocating for a potential change in policies. Recommendations were also provided to healthcare providers and to U.S. American workers. Finally, recommendations were made for future research.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-01-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Support Produtos Nutricionais Ltda / Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento e a prática de profissionais pediatras, gastroenterologistas pediátricos, alergistas e nutricionistas quanto à prevenção da alergia alimentar. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e transversal, do qual participaram pediatras (n=80), gastro-pediatras (n=120), alergistas (n=100) e nutricionistas (n=220), totalizando 520 profissionais. O instrumento de coleta foi um questionário auto-administrado elaborado a partir das recomendações atuais das principais sociedades de especialidades sobre a prevenção da alergia alimentar. Resultados: A média de idade dos profissionais foi 29,1±5,8 anos. A maioria dos profissionais era do sexo feminino, constituindo um total de 90,4% (n = 470) dos entrevistados. A média do tempo de graduação dos profissionais foi 7,2±5,8 anos. Quanto à recomendação de dieta de exclusão alimentar na gestação, 89 (17,1%) profissionais concordaram com tal prática, sendo maior a indicação por parte dos nutricionistas. Os gastro-pediatras diferenciaram-se estatisticamente dos demais profissionais por apresentarem a menor taxa de recomendação (p< 0,001). A recomendação de dieta de exclusão alimentar materna na lactação foi indicada por maior número de profissionais, sendo recomendada por 212 (40,8%) entrevistados, verificando-se novamente maior recomendação dos nutricionistas e também dos pediatras em comparação aos alergistas e gastroenterologistas (p< 0,001). A duração de aleitamento materno exclusivo considerada ideal foi o período de 4 a 5,9 meses indicado por 275 (52,9%) profissionais, sendo o período de escolha da maioria dos nutricionistas, pediatras e gastro-pediatras. No entanto, 65 alergistas (65,0%) indicaram a faixa de 6 a 7,9 meses. Quanto à época de introdução da alimentação complementar, 218 (41,9%) profissionais afirmaram modificar a idade de introdução com o objetivo de prevenir o desenvolvimento da alergia alimentar. O principal período indicado foi a idade entre 6 a 7,9 meses, assinalada por 118 (54,1%) entrevistados. Comparando a indicação da época de introdução da alimentação complementar entre os profissionais, 70 (70,0%) dos alergistas afirmam modificar a época de introdução da alimentação complementar (p< 0,001). As principais fórmulas infantis especiais indicadas nos casos de impossibilidade de aleitamento materno com o objetivo de prevenir o aparecimento da alergia alimentar foram: Alfaré® (70,6%), Neocate® (66,2%), Pregomin® (57,5%), e Nan HA® (42,1%). Conclusões: Esse estudo revelou que existem erros conceituais no que tange a prevenção da alergia alimentar entre todas as categorias de profissionais. Nossos resultados confirmam que a avaliação do conhecimento e da prática dos profissionais contribui na definição de conteúdos que devem fazer parte dos programas de educação continuada na área da alergia alimentar. / Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and practice of pediatricians, gastroenterologists pediatricians, allergists and nutritionists regarding the primary prevention of food allergy. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study that enrolled pediatricians (n = 80), gastro-pediatricians (n = 120), allergists (n = 100) and nutritionists (n = 220), an amount of 520 professionals. The instrument collects used was a self-administered questionnaire prepared by the authors based on current recommendations of the major committees and societies related to prevention of food allergy. Results: The average age of professionals was 29.1 ± 5.8 years. The vast majority of the professionals was female, constituting a total 90.4% (n = 470) of respondents. The average time of graduation of professionals was 7.2 ± 5.8 years. Regarding the recommendation of exclusion diet on pregnancy, 89 (17.1%) professionals agreed with such practice, being the most indication by nutritionists. The gastro-pediatricians statistically differ from the others professionals by submitting the lowest rate of recommendation (p < 0.001). The recommendation of maternal exclusion diet on lactation was indicated by more number of professionals, constituting 40.8% (n = 212) of the sample, with the highest recommendation by nutritionists and pediatricians compared to pediatricians and allergists (p < 0.001). The duration of exclusive breastfeeding considered ideal was the period of 4 to 5.9 months indicated by 52.9% (n = 275) of professionals, according with the choices of most nutritionists, pediatricians and pediatricians. However, most allergists (65%; n = 65) indicated the range of 6 to 7.9 months. Regarding the time of introduction of complementary feeding, 218 (41.9%) professionals recommended modify the age of introduction to prevent the development of food allergy. The main period indicated was aged 6 to 7.9 months, indicated by 118 (54.1%) of respondents. Comparing the indication of the time of introduction of complementary feeding among professionals, 70 (70%) of allergists affirmed modify the time of introduction of complementary feeding (p < 0.001). The majority of special infant formulas indicated in case of impossibility of breastfeeding to prevent the development of food allergies were: Alfare® (70.6%), Neocate® (66.2%), Pregomin® (57.5%) and Nan HA® (42.1%). Conclusions: This study revealed there are misconceptions regarding the prevention of food allergy among all the categories of professionals. Our results confirm that the evaluation of knowledge and professional practice contributes to the definition of content that should be part of continuing education programs in the area of food allergy. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

This thesis focuses on the issue of active employment policy as a tool to improve the situation on the labor market. The aim of this thesis is characterize the individual instruments of active employment policy in the South Bohemian Region and propose recommendations, which may lead to its improved interaction. In addition to the active employment policy work focuses on the seriousness of the situation in the application of risk groups in the labor market. Based on the results of the investigation are suggested appropriate measures that would lead to greater efficiency in the application of these tools.

Esta pesquisa apresenta como tema central as tecnologias sociais e a inclusão social. Seu objetivo geral é a análise das potencialidades e limitações da cooperativa CATAMARE como alternativa para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias sociais e de promoção da inclusão social. Para tanto, tornaram-se objetivos específicos do estudo a análise da cooperativa no que diz respeito ao seu processo produtivo e organizacional, bem como a condição socioeconômica e ambiental dos cooperados a partir da constituição da CATAMARE. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos pela pesquisa deste trabalho, a metodologia utilizada foi estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa, sustentada pelo uso de questionários estruturados, entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante. A pesquisa se desenvolveu em três fases: a primeira foi exploratória, a segunda fase foi descritiva; já a terceira fase foi analítica uma vez que se interpretaram e analisaram as respostas obtidas nas entrevistas de forma integrada as informações obtidas através da observação participante. A relevância dessa iniciativa encontra-se na possibilidade de expandir o entendimento sobre os processos de desenvolvimento de tecnologias sociais bem como a conjuntura institucional que se desenvolve a partir dessas experiências. Entre os resultados obtidos foi constatado que, embora a adesão a cooperativa tenha melhorado a condição social, econômica e política dos cooperados, ainda há limites estruturais da cadeia produtiva da reciclagem e características organizacionais do empreendimento que dificultam avanços para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias sociais e para a inclusão social dos catadores da CATAMARE. / This research has as a central theme the social technologies and social inclusion. Its overall objective was to analyze the potential and limitations of Cooperative CATAMARE as an alternative to the development of social technologies and to promote social inclusion. Become specific objectives of the study an analysis of the productive and organizational process and the socio economic and environmental condition of the cooperatives. To achieve the objectives proposed by the research, the methodology used was a case study with a qualitative approach supported by structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and participant observation. The research was developed in three phases: the first one was exploratory, the second phase was descriptive, and the third phase was analytic, since the responses obtained from the interviews will be interpreted and analyzed in an integrated manner to the information obtained in non-participant observation. The relevance of this initiative is the possibility of expanding the understanding of the processes of development of social technologies and the institutional environment that develops from these experiences. Among the results it was found that, although membership of the cooperative has improved the social, economic and political condition of members, there are still structural limits of the production chain of recycling and organizational development that hampering progress towards the development of social technologies and the social inclusion of the waste pickers from CATAMARE.

Esta pesquisa apresenta como tema central as tecnologias sociais e a inclusão social. Seu objetivo geral é a análise das potencialidades e limitações da cooperativa CATAMARE como alternativa para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias sociais e de promoção da inclusão social. Para tanto, tornaram-se objetivos específicos do estudo a análise da cooperativa no que diz respeito ao seu processo produtivo e organizacional, bem como a condição socioeconômica e ambiental dos cooperados a partir da constituição da CATAMARE. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos pela pesquisa deste trabalho, a metodologia utilizada foi estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa, sustentada pelo uso de questionários estruturados, entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante. A pesquisa se desenvolveu em três fases: a primeira foi exploratória, a segunda fase foi descritiva; já a terceira fase foi analítica uma vez que se interpretaram e analisaram as respostas obtidas nas entrevistas de forma integrada as informações obtidas através da observação participante. A relevância dessa iniciativa encontra-se na possibilidade de expandir o entendimento sobre os processos de desenvolvimento de tecnologias sociais bem como a conjuntura institucional que se desenvolve a partir dessas experiências. Entre os resultados obtidos foi constatado que, embora a adesão a cooperativa tenha melhorado a condição social, econômica e política dos cooperados, ainda há limites estruturais da cadeia produtiva da reciclagem e características organizacionais do empreendimento que dificultam avanços para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias sociais e para a inclusão social dos catadores da CATAMARE. / This research has as a central theme the social technologies and social inclusion. Its overall objective was to analyze the potential and limitations of Cooperative CATAMARE as an alternative to the development of social technologies and to promote social inclusion. Become specific objectives of the study an analysis of the productive and organizational process and the socio economic and environmental condition of the cooperatives. To achieve the objectives proposed by the research, the methodology used was a case study with a qualitative approach supported by structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and participant observation. The research was developed in three phases: the first one was exploratory, the second phase was descriptive, and the third phase was analytic, since the responses obtained from the interviews will be interpreted and analyzed in an integrated manner to the information obtained in non-participant observation. The relevance of this initiative is the possibility of expanding the understanding of the processes of development of social technologies and the institutional environment that develops from these experiences. Among the results it was found that, although membership of the cooperative has improved the social, economic and political condition of members, there are still structural limits of the production chain of recycling and organizational development that hampering progress towards the development of social technologies and the social inclusion of the waste pickers from CATAMARE.

This diploma thesis deals with the influence of unemployment on the life of young people. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and empirical part. In the theoretical part, it reflects the situation of unemployed young people on the labour market and deals with the negative consequences of long-term unemployment. It looks at the life strategies of the unemployed and summarizes the lessons learned about the possibilities of tackling unemployment from education policy and employment policy. In the empirical section then focuses on answering questions about the possibility of solving unemployment from the perspective of examiners of employment and of the unemployed by means of a questionnaire survey. Reflects their mutual cooperation and the two groups of respondents offering suggestions to improve information about further education and retraining courses. In the conclusions of the questionnaire survey assessed the benefits and shortcomings of the methods of electronic questionnaire and the research.

Aline Bingen a fait le pari de tenter de comprendre ce que c’est que de perdre son emploi à la suite de restructurations ou de fermetures, en étudiant des cellules de reconversion, les mesures d’accompagnement des salariés licenciés, et en s’intéressant aux trajectoires sociales et professionnelles d’une vingtaine d’entre eux. <p>La question qui la préoccupe est notamment celle du devenir des collectifs. Question très pertinente quand on sait à quel point les collectifs de salariés jouent un rôle décisif non seulement pour l’élaboration de savoirs pratiques constitutifs du travail réel (par opposition au travail prescrit), mais aussi pour donner du sens au travail, lui redonner de la dignité et apprivoiser les pénibilités liées aux conditions dans lesquelles il se déroule. Les collectifs gèrent à leur façon le mal-être au travail et l’interprètent à travers le prisme d’une morale et de valeurs en lien avec les enjeux économiques et politiques de la société.<p>La perte d’emploi, la nécessité de se former pour retrouver du travail précipite les salariés dans une situation particulièrement périlleuse pour eux, précisément parce qu’ils sont confrontés de façon personnalisée, hors de tout collectif, à l’épreuve du reclassement.<p>Comment cela se joue-t-il concrètement ?C’est ce que Aline Bingen cherche à analyser dans sa thèse à partir d’observations et d’entretiens approfondis. Du moins dans la deuxième partie de sa thèse, car elle consacre la première à un retour sur les politiques publiques au niveau fédéral, pour identifier les empreintes de « l’Etat social actif » depuis les années 60 en matière d’accompagnement des licenciements collectifs, et plus particulièrement en région wallonne depuis les années 70.<p>Dans cette première partie, on peut féliciter l’auteure pour l’ampleur de ses recherches et sa volonté d’exhaustivité. Il y a là un travail dont on peut penser qu’il sera fort utile pour tous ceux qui sont intéressés par cette question du rôle de pouvoirs publics dans la gestion des reconversions des fermetures et des licenciements collectifs. On découvre la tendance inexorable vers plus d’individualisation et de mise sous condition de l’accès aux droits sociaux.<p>La deuxième partie quant à elle révèle les qualités d’Aline Bingen en tant que chercheure de terrain, son respect des personnes interviewées, la qualité de son écoute, la finesse de ses interprétations, la confiance qu’elle obtient des ces personnes pourtant en situation difficile. Les larges extraits qu’elle offre au lecteur, et qui témoignent de sa volonté de ne pas imposer d’analyses trop abruptes et rapides, sont absolument passionnants. Ils permettent d’avancer dans la compréhension des enjeux, des difficultés, des épreuves qui scandent le parcours de ces travailleurs licenciés et aux prises avec les dispositifs institutionnels de reclassement mais aussi des ressources de différentes natures dont ils disposent et parmi lesquelles figurent notamment les délégués syndicaux. Mais ils permettent aussi en contrepoint de comprendre ce qui faisait que ces travailleurs tenaient à leur travail et tenaient au travail. De comprendre l’importance des règles du jeu qui les liaient à leur entreprise, à leur employeur et qui volent en éclat au moment où il s’agit de préparer les licenciements. Une fois dehors de l’entreprise à la suite d’événements qui les renvoient à leur situation de salariés liés par le seul biais d’un contrat salarial de subordination juridique, l’idée d’un retour dans une entreprise de même nature leur paraît insoutenable. <p>Cette deuxième partie riche, originale et dense, fait un pendant particulièrement efficace à la première qui est de nature plus abstraite et plus informative. Ensemble, elles construisent un parcours de recherche qui témoignent des qualités de chercheure d’Aline Bingen. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished