Este estudo é baseado no fato inegável de que a prática do reprocessamento e reutilização de artigos odonto-médico-hospitalares é ampla no país e no mundo, apesar de não existir consenso científico para tal, principalmente pela enorme variedade de materiais e de artigos disponíveis no mercado. Neste trabalho foi aplicada metodologia de revisão sistemática de literatura científica, cuja investigação partiu de uma questão específica e utilizou fontes abrangentes com estratégias de busca explícitas, baseada em critérios aplicados uniformemente, com avaliação reprodutível. O objetivo foi selecionar publicações sobre o reprocessamento e reuso de artigos odonto-médico hospitalares de uso único de acordo com uma questão de pesquisa específica, revisar a qualidade metodológica destes estudos e discutir evidências para aplicação prática e de pesquisa deste conhecimento. A questão de pesquisa foi: Qual a efetividade e a segurança da prática de reprocessamento e reutilização de materiais odonto-médico hospitalares de uso único? Os dados foram coletados de estudos selecionados, sendo 20 estudos básicos e 01 de revisão não sistemática. Para análise e avaliação dos estudos básicos selecionados utilizou-se, como sistematização, a seguinte categorização inicial: escopo; tipo de pesquisa; sujeitos ou objetos da pesquisa; população; procedimentos da pesquisa; análise dos dados; resultados; conclusão; comentários da analisadora. Devido à epecificidade dos conteúdos obtidos das pesquisas analisadas sob esta categorização, foram acrescentadas novas categorias, com a finalidade de refinar, agregar e correlacionar as informações obtidas, em quadros e tabelas, com a seguinte configuração final: tipos de artigos investigados; escopos; tipos de investigação; tipos de análises realizadas; resultados; conclusões. Os resultados mostraram que grande parte dos artigos é composta de plásticos, possui lumens e tem conformação complexa, significando que são artigos de difícil limpeza e descontaminação, cujos resultados podem, sob circunstâncias comparativas controladas, ser também considerados para artigos menos complexos e com menor dificuldade para seu reprocessamento. A finalidade foi obter informações que suportem ou não a prática de reprocessamento e reutilização de artigos odonto-médico-hospitalares de uso único. A conclusão é de que, com base no conhecimento atual, não é possível propor o reprocessamento e reuso de todos os artigos de uso único indiscriminamente, mas é possível selecioná-los para testar e validar protocolos de reprocessamento e reuso de artigos odonto-médico-hospitalares baseados em conhecimentos científicos com graus de evidência bem estabelecidos, utilizando este conhecimento para a construção de políticas nacionais de saúde menos restritivas de recursos altamente tecnológicos para a Saúde Pública. / This study is based on the undeniable fact that single-use medical devices reprocessing and reuse is a large practice in the country and also the world, although there is no scientific consensus for such, mainly due to the enormous variety of materials and available articles in the market. In this study, methodology of systematic review of scientific literature was applied. The inquiry started up as a specific question and used wide sources with explicit strategies of search, based in criteria applied uniformly. The objective was to select publications in accordance to the single-use medical devices reprocessing and reuse using a specific question research, to revise the methodological quality of these studies and to discuss evidences for practical application and also for research of this knowledge. The research question was: Are the single-use medical devices reprocessing and reuse a safe and effective practice? The data was collected from selected studies, being 20 basic studies and 01 narrative review. For analysis and evaluation of the basic studies as systematization, the following initial categories are used: target; type of research; research\'s objects; population; research\'s procedures ; data analysis; results; conclusion; author\'s analysis. The results have shown that a great part of articles is composed of plastics, possesses lumens and has complex conformation, meaning that they are articles of difficult cleanliness and decontamination, which results can, under controlled comparative circumstances, also be considered for less complex articles and with lesser difficulty for reprocessment. The aim was to get information that supports or not SUDS reuse. The conclusion is that, according to the current knowledge, it is not possible to consider reprocess and reuse of all single-use devices indiscriminately. It is possible to select them for testing and to validate reprocess and reuse guidelines based in scientific evidences and using this knowledge for the construction of less restrictive National Health Policies for the Public.

The proposed project aims to transform the selected site and buildings at Rissik Station to new uses, along with the restoration and reuse of historical buildings. This amounts to a recycling and improved use of existing resources. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Architecture / unrestricted

Thesis (M. Sc. (Soil Science)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / Water scarcity poses significant risks to global food security. The use of treated wastewater for irrigation could be a sustainable remedy for water scarcity in arid to semi-arid regions. Furthermore, it has been the most readily available source of water which can serve as an adaptation strategy to shortage of irrigation water. The objectives of the study were to determine (1) whether different disposal points following wastewater treatment could have effects on the quality of treated wastewater used for irrigation at the University of Limpopo (UL) experimental farm and (2) the response of selected critical nutrients, microbial and enzyme activities on soils irrigated with treated wastewater at the UL Experimental Farm. Water samples were collected monthly at three disposal points, namely, the exit point of treated wastewater from the treatment plant (Pond 16), the entry point into the night-dam and the exit point from the night-dam at the UL Experimental Farm. The water samples were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium (Na), nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO42-), sulphate (SO42-), salinity, magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), chlorine (Cl), total dissolved solids (TDS), total soluble salts (TSS), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), Ascaris lumbricoides, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp. and Vibrio cholera. A field experiment was conducted on a separate 4-ha virgin field (VF), cultivated field (CF) and fallowed field (FF), with soil samples collected from 0- 5, 5-15 and 15-30 cm soil depth in each field and analysed for pH, EC, mineralisable P, NH4+, NO3-, organic carbon (OC), active carbon (AC), potential mineralized nitrogen (PMN), fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and phosphatase (PTS) enzyme activity. All data were subjected to ANOVA using Statistix 10.1. The treated wastewater had, at the three sampling points, significantly different EC, Na, NO3-, PO42-, SO42-, Cu, Zn, Shigella spp., V. cholerae, A. lumbricoides and E. coli, whereas salinity, pH, Mg, Ca, K, Cl and Cd were not affected by the sampling point. Generally, the night-dam entry and exit points had significant increases in PO42-, K and Ca when compared to Pond 16 exit. In contrast, the flow of wastewater from Pond 16 through the furrow to the entry and exit of the night-dam resulted in decreases of Na, NO3- and Cl. The exit point of water from the night-dam at UL Experimental Farm had the least harmful materials, rendering it the safest point with the best water quality for irrigation. In the field study, NH4+, NO3- and PMN were significantly different in soil depth. However, NO3- field × depth interaction effects were not significantly different. In contrast to all soil parameters, FDA and PTS activity for both soil depth and field × depth interaction effects were highly significantly different. The EC and pH were not affected by soil depth or field type. The negative effects of treated wastewater were mainly observed in the cultivated field. In conclusion, treated wastewater with fallowing could be used as the best approach to overcome water shortages, with the uses having the potential to reduce the need to apply high synthetic chemical fertilisers. Keywords: water reuse, disposal points, essential nutrients, microbial activities

This research project report discusses the development of a commercial, consignment-based library (a) of reusable software components to be accessed using the World-Wide Web. The research project consists of two parts: the development of a prototype system that provides interface and information retrieval functionality for such a system, and an analysis of the technical and business issues involved in making the library operational as a commercial entity. <p>The prototype system uses a hypertext browser and a query-based search mechanism to access descriptions of reusable software components; these descriptions are structured by a variation of a faceted classification system. The issues addressed include the classification and description of reusable software components; methods of retrieval, especially library browsing methods based on component classification; and analysis of incentives for reuse. / Master of Science

This project consists of and is driven forwards by three forces: PART ONE is the Story Behind, the environmental and political part with problems like waste management, over-consumption, and extreme lack of student housing in the Stockholm region in spite of the politicians’ promises. SECOND PART is the Collecting of Waste that are at hand, showing how much MATERIALS, still fully usable, we just discard of and the investigation of these - with a little creativity and innovation finding strategies to use them in a NEW WAY in the context of architecture, questioning the perception of second-hand materials. AND THIRDLY - reaction! The practical part, a full-scale built proposal with which I tie together this project. As a response to our consumption-oriented society, I collected whatever thrown away material at hand right here on the architecture school. With this material and the strategies discovered, I constructed a small student dwelling on a forgotten and unused space on the architecture school’s roof, making a statement towards the disappointing development of the student housing situation. / Detta projekt består av och drivs framåt av tre krafter: DEL ETT - historien bakom, den politiska delen med fokus på miljö, såsom avfallshantering, överkonsumtion, samt den extrema bristen på studentbostäder i Stockholmsregionen trots politikernas löften. ANDRA DELEN - insamlande av avfallsmaterial till hands, som visar hur mycket MATERIAL (fortfarande fullt användbart) som vi slängs, samt undersökningen av dessa. Med lite kreativitet och innovation hitta strategier för att använda materialen på ett nytt sätt inom ramen för arkitektur. Ett ifrågasättande av uppfattningen av begagnade material. DEL TRE - reaktion! Den praktiska delen, ett fullskaligt byggt förslag som sammanfattar projektet. Som en respons på vårt konsumtionsstyrda samhälle samlade jag in slängda objekt till hands på arkitekturskolan. Med detta material och med de upptäckta strategierna konstruerade jag en liten studentbostad på en bortglömd och oanvänd plats på arkitekturskolans tak - ett statement mot den negativa situationen vad gäller studentboende i Stockholm.

Software engineers and researchers in the field are constantly developing new technologies to manage the complexity of current software systems. There is an increasing need for mechanisms that can deal with dynamics in the systems' environment, goals, and requirements. Self-adaptive software systems are a solution to manage the complexity caused by dynamics or runtime variations. Software reuse is a classical solution to deal with complexity and increase the quality of a system in a systematic and efficient way. Despite the large amount of research on self-adaptation, no systematic study has been found, which surveys and reports the application of reuse methods and techniques for the development of self-adaptive software systems. A systematic analysis of reuse methods and techniques for the development of self-adaptive systems is interesting as it provides useful insights for researchers and practitioners in the self-adaptive area. This study systematically reviews relevant research work published between the years 2000 and 2020 at eight well-known venues on self-adaptation and software engineering. By following the systematic literature review method, 97 studies were reviewed and 40 primary studies identified for addressing the research questions. The main objectives of the review are 1) to collect and analyse the reuse-based methods studied and applied for the design and development of self-adaptive software systems, 2) analyse the challenges in the application of reuse-based methods for the development of self-adaptive software systems. The review shows that most of the analysed studies support reuse with component-based software engineering. The primary studies propose different reuse-based methods to allow faster and simpler development of self-adaptive systems. Furthermore, the analysis shows that the reviewed studies report several challenges related to the configuration process, design, performance and uncertainty in the application of reuse methods for the development of self-adaptive systems.

Software engineers and researchers in the field are constantly developing new technologies to manage the complexity of current software systems. There is an increasing need for mechanisms that can deal with dynamics in the systems’ environment, goals, and requirements. Self-adaptive software systems are a solution to manage the complexity caused by dynamics or runtime variations. Software reuse is a classical solution to deal with complexity and increase the quality of a system in a systematic and efficient way. Despite the large amount of research on self-adaptation, no systematic study has been found, which surveys and reports the application of reuse methods and techniques for the development of self-adaptive software systems. A systematic analysis of reuse methods and techniques for the development of self-adaptive systems is interesting as it provides useful insights for researchers and practitioners in the self-adaptive area. This study systematically reviews relevant research work published between the years 2000 and 2020 at eight well-known venues on self-adaptation and software engineering. By following the systematic litera-ture review method, 97 studies were reviewed and 40 primary studies identi-fied for addressing the research questions. The main objectives of the review are 1) to collect and analyse the reuse-based methods studied and applied for the design and development of self-adaptive software systems, 2) analyse the challenges in the application of reuse-based methods for the development of self-adaptive software systems. The review shows that most of the analysed studies support reuse with component-based software engineering. The pri-mary studies propose different reuse-based methods to allow faster and sim-pler development of self-adaptive systems. Furthermore, the analysis shows that the reviewed studies report several challenges related to the configura-tion process, design, performance and uncertainty in the application of reuse methods for the development of self-adaptive systems.

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