A alergia ao látex representa um importante problema de saúde em pacientes denominados de risco e está relacionada com a ocorrência de diversas manifestações clínicas, inclusive reações potencialmente fatais. O estudo de fatores associados à sensibilização e alergia ao látex é fundamental para o estabelecimento de medidas eficazes quanto à prevenção, tratamento e conhecimento do prognóstico. O principal grupo de risco para a alergia ao látex são os pacientes com defeito de fechamento do tubo neural. O estudo atual teve como objetivo principal identificar fatores clínicos e sorológicos associados à sensibilização e alergia ao látex em pacientes com defeito de fechamento do tubo neural. A pesquisa também analisou concentrações de corte de IgE específica sérica para látex e alérgenos do látex que pudessem identificar pacientes sensibilizados e alérgicos ao látex e avaliou o comportamento da IgG4 específica para látex como fator de proteção associado à ausência de sintomas. Com o intuito de responder estas perguntas, foi realizado um estudo transversal tipo coorte retrospectiva com 400 pacientes com defeito de fechamento do tubo neural, entre 0 e 18 anos, que estavam em seguimento na Associação de Assistência à Criança Deficiente - AACD. Após responderem a questionário específico, os pacientes foram submetidos à coleta de sangue periférico para a detecção dos níveis séricos de IgE total, IgE e IgG4 séricas específicas para látex, IgE sérica específica para rHevb1, 3, 5, 6.01, 6.02, 8, 9 e 11, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Blomia tropicalis, abacate, banana, castanha, mamão, batata, através da metodologia ImmunoCap®. De acordo com a história clínica e o valor da IgE sérica específica para látex, os pacientes foram classificados em quatro grupos: sensibilizados asintomáticos ao látex, alérgicos ao látex, sintomáticos sem sensibilização e controle negativo. A prevalência total de sensibilização ao látex nesta amostra de pacientes foi de 33,2%, sendo 12,2% alérgicos e 21,0% sensibilizados assintomáticos ao látex. Os sintomas cutâneos foram a manifestação clínica mais comum de alergia ao látex (79,6%), sendo a urticária de contato a mais prevalente (67,3%). Houve episódios de anafilaxia associados à exposição ao látex em 21 pacientes (5,2%). Níveis de IgE sérica específica para látex de 0,77 kUA/L foram capazes de diferenciar com boa acurácia os pacientes alérgicos dos demais. Na comparação entre os grupos controle negativo e alérgico, sensibilizado e alérgico, houve diferença entre as variáveis clínicas, cirúrgicas e laboratoriais que estiveram associadas à alergia ao latex. A razão entre IgG4/IgE séricas específicas para látex foi estatisticamente maior no grupo controle negativo. A análise multivariada mostrou na comparação entre o grupo controle negativo e alérgico que a presença de IgE sérica específica para rHevb1 e IgE rHevb5 estão associadas com alergia. Na comparação entre o grupo sensibilizado e alérgico, houve associação de alergia com a presença de IgE sérica específica para rHevb5 e com escore clínico >= 40%. Por outro lado, a IgG4 sérica específica para látex esteve associada à ausência de sintomas no grupo sensibilizado / Latex allergy is an important health problem in patients at risk groups and it is associated with the occurrence of many clinical manifestations, including potentially fatal reactions. The study of factors associated with latex sensitization and allergy is crucial to establish effective measures of prevention, treatment and prognostic. The main risk group for latex allergy is patients with neural tube defects. The objective of this study was to identify the clinical and serologic factors associated with sensitization and allergy to latex. Levels of specific IgE to latex and latex allergens associated with allergy, as well as levels of specific IgG4 associated with clinical tolerance, were established, and its accuracy and cutoff values were calculated. The profile of clinical manifestations, including anaphylaxis, was also characterized. This study was a retrospective cross-sectional cohort of 400 patients with neural tube defects, between 0 and 18 years, who were being followed at the Association for Assistance of Disabled Children - AACD. After answering a specific questionnaire, patients were submitted to blood draw for the detection of total IgE, specific IgG4 to latex, and specific IgE to latex, rHevb (1, 3, 5, 6.01, 6.02, 8, 9, 11), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Blomia tropicalis, avocado, banana, cashew, papaya, and potato, by ImmunoCAP ® methodology. According to the history and value of specific IgE to latex, patients were classified into four groups: sensitized asymptomatic patients, allergic patients, symptomatic patients and negative control. The overall prevalence of latex sensitization in this sample of patients was 33.2%, with 12.2% of allergic and 21.0% of sensitized patients. The skin symptoms were the most common clinical manifestation of latex allergy (79.6%), and contact urticaria was the most prevalent (67.3%). Anaphylaxis after latex exposure was observed in 21 patients (5.2%). Levels of specific IgE to latex of 0.77 kUA/L were able to differentiate allergic patients, with good accuracy. Comparing the negative control and allergic groups, the sensitized and allergic groups they had differents clinical, surgical and laboratory factors associated with allergy to latex. The ratio serum specific IgG4/IgE to latex was statistically higher in the negative control group. Multivariate analysis showed, in the comparison between the negative control and allergic groups, that the presence of serum specific IgE to rHevb1 and rHevb5 were associated with allergy. Comparing the sensitized and allergy groups, allergy was associated with the presence of serum specific IgE to rHevb5 and clinical score >= 40%. Moreover, serum specific IgG4 to latex was associated with lack of symptoms in the sensitized group.

My work called Management of social work in problematics of domestic violence will cover management of social work and work of social workers in this problematics in chosen intervention, crisis, counseling centers and shelters in Prague and Central Bohemia. The goal of the work will be to chart how do social workers work in these different centers with victims of domestic violence and to give us a complete picture and summary of this problematics and management of social workers in it. Given the topic of this work, I will first focus on domestic violence. I will focus on basic characteristics, types, forms, causes and also on the high risk groups of people. Further of it will offer a look into the legislative framework in this area. Using surveys, which were given to individual social workers in these chosen centers, I will try to describe management of social workers in problematics of domestic violence.