Embora as atividades do pré-desenvolvimento sejam essenciais para o sucesso no desenvolvimento dos produtos, elas têm sido pouco efetivas no alcance dos seus objetivos. Uma das oportunidades para melhorá-las é a integração dos métodos usados no pré-desenvolvimento, os quais têm sido aplicados de forma isolada. Uma revisão bibliográfica mostrou que o technology roadmapping (TRM) e a gestão de portfólio se destacam entre os métodos usados no pré-desenvolvimento. Esse contexto motivou a investigação da pergunta de pesquisa: A aplicação integrada do technology roadmapping e da gestão de portfólio contribui com a realização das atividades do pré-desenvolvimento do PDP?. Assim este trabalho avalia o potencial dessa integração a partir de um estudo de caso em uma pequena empresa de base tecnológica. O estudo de caso utilizou um método desenvolvido pela pesquisa para aplicação integrada do technology roadmapping e da gestão de portfólio, o método ITG. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a integração beneficiou o pré-desenvolvimento neste caso específico. Entre as contribuições notadas estão: aumento da eficácia do pré-desenvolvimento e o alinhamento das propostas de novos projetos de produtos com as estratégias do negócio, necessidades do mercado e capacidades tecnológicas. Portanto, a integração dos métodos parece constituir um tema com potencial para ajudar as empresas na realização das atividades do pré-desenvolvimento. / Although the front-end activities are critical to the success of NPD, they are in fact almost ineffective in practice. One opportunity to improve them is the integration of methods used in front-end, which have been applied stand-alone. A bibliographical review showed that technology roadmapping (TRM) and portfolio management are stand out methods for the front-end of NPD. This finding motivated the research question of our work: Can the integration of TRM and portfolio management contribute to improve the front-end of NPD? Hence, this work evaluates the potential of this integration based on a case study at a small technology-based company. The study applied a method built in research for integrated application of technology roadmapping and portfolio management, the ITG method. In this specific case, the front-end of NPD benefited from the integration. Among the contributions are: the rising of front-end effectiveness and the alignment of new product project proposals with business strategies, market wants and technological capabilities. Therefore, the methods integration appears to constitute a productive field to help companies in the activities of the NPD front-end.

Embora as atividades do pré-desenvolvimento sejam essenciais para o sucesso no desenvolvimento dos produtos, elas têm sido pouco efetivas no alcance dos seus objetivos. Uma das oportunidades para melhorá-las é a integração dos métodos usados no pré-desenvolvimento, os quais têm sido aplicados de forma isolada. Uma revisão bibliográfica mostrou que o technology roadmapping (TRM) e a gestão de portfólio se destacam entre os métodos usados no pré-desenvolvimento. Esse contexto motivou a investigação da pergunta de pesquisa: A aplicação integrada do technology roadmapping e da gestão de portfólio contribui com a realização das atividades do pré-desenvolvimento do PDP?. Assim este trabalho avalia o potencial dessa integração a partir de um estudo de caso em uma pequena empresa de base tecnológica. O estudo de caso utilizou um método desenvolvido pela pesquisa para aplicação integrada do technology roadmapping e da gestão de portfólio, o método ITG. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a integração beneficiou o pré-desenvolvimento neste caso específico. Entre as contribuições notadas estão: aumento da eficácia do pré-desenvolvimento e o alinhamento das propostas de novos projetos de produtos com as estratégias do negócio, necessidades do mercado e capacidades tecnológicas. Portanto, a integração dos métodos parece constituir um tema com potencial para ajudar as empresas na realização das atividades do pré-desenvolvimento. / Although the front-end activities are critical to the success of NPD, they are in fact almost ineffective in practice. One opportunity to improve them is the integration of methods used in front-end, which have been applied stand-alone. A bibliographical review showed that technology roadmapping (TRM) and portfolio management are stand out methods for the front-end of NPD. This finding motivated the research question of our work: Can the integration of TRM and portfolio management contribute to improve the front-end of NPD? Hence, this work evaluates the potential of this integration based on a case study at a small technology-based company. The study applied a method built in research for integrated application of technology roadmapping and portfolio management, the ITG method. In this specific case, the front-end of NPD benefited from the integration. Among the contributions are: the rising of front-end effectiveness and the alignment of new product project proposals with business strategies, market wants and technological capabilities. Therefore, the methods integration appears to constitute a productive field to help companies in the activities of the NPD front-end.

El presente trabajo de título corresponde a la detección de oportunidades para nuevos usos y aplicaciones de molibdeno en la Industria Química. Debido al potencial que posee el país como productor mundial de este producto –poseyendo un 13% de las reservas totales a nivel mundial y produciendo un 16% de la oferta actual-, resulta interesante identificar nuevos nichos para este metal. Considerando que la Industria Química es el principal consumidor del producto en cuestión –con el 15% de la demanda global-, encontrar oportunidades en este sector en particular podría ser significativo para aumentar la demanda de molibdeno. Este trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto Roadmap Tecnológico de Aplicaciones de Molibdeno de la empresa COMOTECH S.A., la que realizará el estudio de aplicaciones potenciales en diversas industrias, incluyendo a la Industria Química. El proceso de roadmapping permite gestionar la innovación tecnológica, tomando como punto de partida las necesidades de los mercados para posteriormente evaluar qué alternativas son preferibles para atenderlos. La metodología empleada consiste en la segmentación y caracterización de la industria, la determinación del potencial de aplicación de productos de molibdeno en sus procesos y el análisis de tendencias de mercado y tecnológicas, las que permitirán evaluar si las necesidades técnicas encontradas son comercialmente explotables. La Industria Química está compuesta por los sectores Agroquímicos, Biotecnología, Catalizadores, Químicos Básicos, Paraquímicos, Refinación de Petróleo y Otros Químicos. Los más grandes en términos de tamaño son Químicos Básicos, Refinación de Petróleo y Paraquímicos, abarcando más del 75% del total de mercado; mientras que, los sectores Agroquímicos, Biotecnología y Refinación de Petróleo son los que proyectan un mayor crecimiento, con valores que superarían el 8% anual. El análisis de los principales procesos permitió identificar oportunidades para aplicaciones de molibdeno en la fabricación de agroquímicos, combustibles de biomasa, cloro y fluorocarbonos, hidrógeno y oleoquímicos, además de procesos de biolixiviación y refinación de crudo. Las condiciones de operación en ellas hacen posible la aplicación de soluciones que incluyan molibdeno como alternativa para mejorar los equipos o eficiencia de los procesos. Tras llevar a cabo un análisis de tendencias, surgieron como oportunidades a mediano/ largo plazo la fabricación de combustibles, hidrógeno, cloro, urea, amoniaco y oleoquímicos, además de la refinación de petróleo. Esto se debe a que las condiciones de mercado, regulatorias y el desarrollo tecnológico se encuentran alineadas hacia la búsqueda de mejoras en los procesos que pueden ser atendidas con productos que incluyan molibdeno, principalmente en aleaciones o como catalizador. Para finalizar, se recomienda que la búsqueda de aplicaciones de molibdeno en la Industria Química considere solamente las áreas identificadas, pues en ellas se conjugan el potencial técnico y las tendencias necesarias para que sean de interés tanto para clientes como investigadores.

This thesis addresses conceptual and practical challenges in anticipating potential standardisation needs and developing relevant strategies throughout various stages of technological innovation. With increasing awareness of critical roles played by standardisation in supporting a variety of innovation activities, strategic foresight for timely and appropriate standardisation is becoming a crucial innovation policy interest in many countries. However, there are currently limited and fragmented studies on this issue, because of the complexity and variety involved in dynamic interplays between standardisation and other aspects of innovation. There are also increased challenges to develop coherent and long-term strategies for standardisation, due to modern technologies that are becoming more complex, interdisciplinary, and fast-evolving at the same time. Standards organisations and policymakers thus face significant challenges in developing standardisation strategies (in terms of what, why, when, how, and who) to support technological innovation more effectively. In this regard, the current research develops a systematic conceptual framework for more comprehensive understanding of standardisation – particularly highlighting its technological complexities – in the context of innovation, and a structured process model for using it to support strategic policy foresight. Building on the innovation systems perspective, preliminary framework and process model are first developed by adopting the holistic approach of strategic roadmapping as method, and incorporating a priori constructs drawn from existing literature relevant to standardisation. Then, multiple exploratory case studies covering various technology domains have been conducted to identify first order elements for their development. They are followed by an in-depth longitudinal case study on standardisation of photovoltaic technology, testing and refining the framework and process model by exploring complex dynamics between standardisation and innovation in greater detail. Interviews with experts across a broader range of domains and regions have then been carried out, to verify the framework and process model, including their utility and practicality. This thesis makes contributions to both theory and practice. With a systems perspective on standardisation, it provides a more holistic and comprehensive understanding of how standardisation supports innovation, highlighting its mediating roles between critical innovation activities and functions. It also presents a unified framework integrating various dimensions of standardisation with particular emphasis on technological elements, addressing challenges due to complex technological systems. Such new insights are expected to help standards organisations and policymakers with strategic foresight for standardisation in support of innovation, using the proposed framework and process model as practical tools for anticipating future standardisation needs and developing relevant strategies. In addition, the current research contributes to the roadmapping literature and practice, by presenting more structured and advanced frameworks and processes, and providing insights for using the roadmap-based approach as methods for data collection and analyses.

O roadmapping foi introduzido pela Motorola há mais de 26 anos como uma abordagem para apoiar o planejamento integrado de mercado, produtos e tecnologia. O principal objetivo do roadmapping é a criação de roadmaps, representações visuais em forma de diagramas e tabelas, que capturam e sintetizam informações de mercado, produtos, tecnologias e recursos em um plano com metas para novos desenvolvimentos. A introdução do processo de roadmapping compreende uma série de desafios. Um dos principais, segundo estudos recentes, é a dificuldade de sustentar o processo de roadmapping, ou seja, manter os roadmaps atualizados após a construção do primeiro mapa. Esta dificuldade pode ser atribuída ao fato de que a maioria das aplicações se baseia na utilização de especialistas externos à organização para coleta e análise de informações, o que é proibitivo para algumas organizações em função dos custos envolvidos e a uma lacuna na literatura, que não apresenta um modelo que oriente os praticantes em como manter os roadmaps atualizados. Este estudo apresenta um modelo de atualização de roadmaps que explora duas teorias conjuntamente: a utilização de conceitos do ciclo de inteligência competitiva e princípios de agilidade. Descreve-se o desenvolvimento de um modelo para atualização de roadmaps desenvolvido a partir de uma pesquisa-ação em uma organização do segmento de bens de consumo para a construção civil. Como resultados, apresentam-se o modelo desenvolvido e sua avaliação pelos profissionais da organização. Os dados coletados indicam que o modelo proposto contribuiu para esta organização em específico por meio de um impacto positivo no grau de monitoramento constante de informações, a credibilidade no roadmap e sua utilização durante a elaboração da estratégia de inovação da organização. Um dos diferenciais do modelo é a proposição de um arcabouço que pode ser realizado pela própria organização através da formação de times ágeis, sem a necessidade de criação de novas posições e áreas funcionais. / Roadmapping was introduced by Motorola more than 26 years ago as an approach to support market, product and technology integrated planning. The main objective of the roadmapping is to create roadmaps, visual models of diagrams and tables that capture and synthetize market, product, technology and resources information in a plan compounded by goals for new developments. The roadmapping implementation enhances several challenges. One of the main, according to recent studies, its the difficulty in sustain the roadmapping process, in other words, maintain the roadmaps updated. This difficult can be attributed to the fact that the most of the applications are based on the use of external experts to collect e analyze information, which is prohibitive to some organizations due to the costs involved and to a gap in the literature, that doesnt present a model for guiding the practitioners in how to maintain the roadmaps updated. This paper presents a model for updating roadmaps that combines competitive intelligence and agile management theories. The model was developed through an action research in a civil construction segment organization. The collect data shows that the developed model contributed to this specific organization, by means of a positive impact on the degree of continuous information monitoring, the credibility on the roadmap and its use during the organizations innovation strategy formulation. One of the differentials of the model is the proposition of a framework that can be managed by the organization itself through the use of agile teams, without the need of new holes or functional areas to accomplish it.

O roadmapping foi introduzido pela Motorola há mais de 26 anos como uma abordagem para apoiar o planejamento integrado de mercado, produtos e tecnologia. O principal objetivo do roadmapping é a criação de roadmaps, representações visuais em forma de diagramas e tabelas, que capturam e sintetizam informações de mercado, produtos, tecnologias e recursos em um plano com metas para novos desenvolvimentos. A introdução do processo de roadmapping compreende uma série de desafios. Um dos principais, segundo estudos recentes, é a dificuldade de sustentar o processo de roadmapping, ou seja, manter os roadmaps atualizados após a construção do primeiro mapa. Esta dificuldade pode ser atribuída ao fato de que a maioria das aplicações se baseia na utilização de especialistas externos à organização para coleta e análise de informações, o que é proibitivo para algumas organizações em função dos custos envolvidos e a uma lacuna na literatura, que não apresenta um modelo que oriente os praticantes em como manter os roadmaps atualizados. Este estudo apresenta um modelo de atualização de roadmaps que explora duas teorias conjuntamente: a utilização de conceitos do ciclo de inteligência competitiva e princípios de agilidade. Descreve-se o desenvolvimento de um modelo para atualização de roadmaps desenvolvido a partir de uma pesquisa-ação em uma organização do segmento de bens de consumo para a construção civil. Como resultados, apresentam-se o modelo desenvolvido e sua avaliação pelos profissionais da organização. Os dados coletados indicam que o modelo proposto contribuiu para esta organização em específico por meio de um impacto positivo no grau de monitoramento constante de informações, a credibilidade no roadmap e sua utilização durante a elaboração da estratégia de inovação da organização. Um dos diferenciais do modelo é a proposição de um arcabouço que pode ser realizado pela própria organização através da formação de times ágeis, sem a necessidade de criação de novas posições e áreas funcionais. / Roadmapping was introduced by Motorola more than 26 years ago as an approach to support market, product and technology integrated planning. The main objective of the roadmapping is to create roadmaps, visual models of diagrams and tables that capture and synthetize market, product, technology and resources information in a plan compounded by goals for new developments. The roadmapping implementation enhances several challenges. One of the main, according to recent studies, its the difficulty in sustain the roadmapping process, in other words, maintain the roadmaps updated. This difficult can be attributed to the fact that the most of the applications are based on the use of external experts to collect e analyze information, which is prohibitive to some organizations due to the costs involved and to a gap in the literature, that doesnt present a model for guiding the practitioners in how to maintain the roadmaps updated. This paper presents a model for updating roadmaps that combines competitive intelligence and agile management theories. The model was developed through an action research in a civil construction segment organization. The collect data shows that the developed model contributed to this specific organization, by means of a positive impact on the degree of continuous information monitoring, the credibility on the roadmap and its use during the organizations innovation strategy formulation. One of the differentials of the model is the proposition of a framework that can be managed by the organization itself through the use of agile teams, without the need of new holes or functional areas to accomplish it.

Technology entrepreneurs and managers aim to navigate emerging technology ventures and innovations towards successful commercialisation and business development, often over long periods of time. However, this is challenging due to high uncertainties associated with planning and navigating relevant market and business drivers, technological resources and capabilities, and applications. Failure to understand and manage these uncertainties appropriately can lead to undesired consequences and poor outcomes in the realisation of value creation and capture. This research firstly built a knowledge base of technology ventures by conducting a literature review, enabling the development of a conceptual retrospective roadmapping framework as the basis for characterising the emergence of technology ventures. This leads to an analysis of 13 case studies, characterising phases, transitions, patterns, enablers and barriers associated with the emergence of technology ventures. A conceptual model, the so-called ‘emergence archetypes’, was then developed by conducting an in-depth analysis with a further 19 case studies. The concept provides practical insights regarding how emerging technology ventures can be exposed to different levels of technological and market uncertainties along the journey of technology commercialisation and business development. Finally, a strategy visualisation tool and process have been designed based on the research outputs, and a focus group was then conducted with industrial practitioners to review and evaluate the research outputs for practical use in industry. In total, 32 case studies and a focus group have been conducted in the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Japan, Australia and the United States. Overall, this research demonstrates that characterising technology venture emergence, by applying roadmapping principles, provides significant implications for both researchers and practitioners of strategy and innovation. Success or failure of emerging technology ventures, in terms of value creation and capture, is not only directly related to products or services, but more broadly to the innovation systems in which the technology ventures operate. By demonstrating the characterisation of technology venture emergence, the conceptualisation of emergence archetypes and the strategy visualisation tool and process development, this research shows that applying roadmapping is an appropriate method to characterise and improve emerging technology venturing practices, supporting value creation and capture.

The primary aim of the thesis is to contribute to demonstrating how established and emerging science in the regenerative medicine (RM) domain can be translated into profitable commercial practice, and generate clinically- and cost-effective therapies. It achieves this by exploring and assessing underlying economics, including investment readiness and economic assessment, exploring regulatory and reimbursement frameworks, developing stem cell culture systems and assessing fit with clinical practice. The thesis is the first public domain wide-ranging analysis of business trends in the production, manufacturing and supply segments of the RM industry. It analyses the clinical potential of the domain as well as the translational and commercial challenges facing the industry. The industry is at a turning point as big pharmaceutical companies engage with RM in order to explore technologies as potential therapeutics and discovery tools. This unlocks the industry by confirming an exit path for RM based small- and medium-sized enterprises. Translation has come to be recognised as a core issue in the overall space and translation of regenerative therapies into the clinic is presently challenging, high-risk and expensive. This research addresses the question what are the mechanisms required to enable translation of emerging scientific knowledge into commercially viable clinical RM products? These mechanisms are particularly important as their creation involves and requires major investment decisions, which can determine the success or failure of RM developments and indeed of the companies concerned. The lack of well-established business models and the complexity of the domain suggested a conceptual approach drawing upon relevant literature from product and process development, applied business and revenue models, technological evolution and capital market ingenuity. The research was carried out in two phases. The first phase was concerned with identification of key challenges and mapping the overall industry emergence including emergence of related regulations to provide a context and framework for understanding the domain. Based on the emergence mapping a timeline of key parallel factors was identified, and their inherent connections explored to identify transforming events affecting and influencing multiple factors on the journey to clinical success within a business environment. This creates the reference model. The second phase was concerned with manufacturing a stem cell based therapeutic and applying health economic principles to determine available headroom for investment, cost of goods and return on investment, taking hearing disorders as a case exemplar, and exploring the behaviour of the net present value curve to identify key parameters affecting the economic positioning of this novel regime. A key output of the research is the investment readiness reference model. It integrates key RM business issues against reducing uncertainty and increasing value. The model argues that the complex nature of RM products means that the issues affecting industry emergence and development go well beyond the primarily scientific and technological concerns on which much current research focuses. The performance of RM firms ultimately hinges upon the successful clinical application of their developed products, the key step for creating and realising value, and their ability to deal with the fundamental business issues specific to the area. The framework deals with these business issues, which are investment & technology readiness, business models, organisational challenges, public policy and industry emergence. This thesis explores ideas that may bridge the chasm between the promise and reality of RM i.e. mechanisms to enable late stage translation of RM products. It links technological capability and business models for firms in the domain. Furthermore, it offers a unique perspective on the nature and characteristics of investment readiness and financial assessment, specifically identifying key parameters affecting economic positioning. The key contributions are therefore: New insights into the key challenges involved in realising the commercial potential of cell based therapeutics. Technology road mapping to link fundamental enabling technological capability for developing RM products with robust business plans integrating strategy, technology development and the regulatory and reimbursement framework. A generic investment readiness reference model generated from the enabling technology, value and supply chain structures to identify key indicators and characteristics of industry readiness. A novel experimental programme demonstrating expansion, maintenance and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells by manual and automated methods. New insights into economic positioning by mapping net present value, and economic analysis by estimating available headroom, cost of goods and return on investment for a putative hearing therapeutic.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2495.pdf: 689346 bytes, checksum: 9c79c3f45b345f035630b8770d19f0b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-27 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The technology forecast and management methods have been considered by academics and managers important tools to support technology development. Generally the organizations, which are worried about this issues, needs data and information to look ahead and clarify technologies course before it happens. Considering that development s time has become shorter, these kind of methodologies may turn more and more important. Despite of these matters, it s rare to find papers and related cases to this subject in Brazil. That s why this study has the objective of collect and discuss methodologies, and right after that, compare the Technology Roadmap (TRM) to the CNPDIA s method of technology forecast and management. This TRM method is frequently presented in the related magazines. The work realized has compared the dimension of the TRM, considering some extras observations. These extras looks offered a more complete view and understanding of the environment in which the technology activities took place. The expected intention was to collaborate by analyzing some of the CNPDIA s characterizes. One extra hope is to inspire some discussion in the unit observed, based on this work. / Os métodos de prospecção e gestão de tecnologia são importantes instrumentos para a inovação em organizações que visam o desenvolvimento de pesquisas e tecnologia. Em geral, estas organizações precisam de dados, informações e orientações que embasem as decisões acerca das atividades que serão conduzidas. Considerando que as atividades de inovação tecnológica aceleraram-se nestas últimas décadas, reduzindo o tempo de desenvolvimento, a importância deste tipo de metodologia tende a aumentar. Entretanto, no Brasil ainda é escassa a literatura sobre o tema, com poucos relatos de utilização de algumas destas metodologias. Por isso, esta dissertação possui o objetivo de aprofundar este tema. Visa-se coletar e selecionar, das diferentes fontes identificadas, conteúdos relevantes sobre prospecção e gestão de tecnologia para compor uma densa revisão desta literatura e, em seguida, realizar a comparação entre o modelo de prospecção e gestão de tecnologia presente no Centro Nacional de Pesquisas e Desenvolvimento de Instrumentação Agropecuária CNPDIA e o método do Technology Roadmapping, método freqüente em revistas de referência no tema. A comparação foi baseada nas dimensões presentes no Technology Roadmaping, entretanto os limites dimensionais da metodologia foram extrapolados para aprofundar o conhecimento acerca do objeto de estudo. A partir desta compreensão, objetivou-se contribuir ao analisar algumas características desta importante unidade da Embrapa, o CNPDIA. Espera-se, também, que algumas das recomendações realizadas nesta dissertação possam ser alvo de debates na unidade pesquisada.