The proposed research aspires to provide new insight on issues of applied Roadmapping and advance the state of the art in Roadmapping and its practice. It provides a conceptual model and an integrated process framework for the development of a Third Generation, Meso-level, Co-innovation Dynamic Roadmapping (from now on called ‘Dynamic Roadmapping’), which integrates policy, research, industry, and organisational roadmapping methodologies, in order to manage the development and adoption of systemic innovations in complex domains. It has been developed to meet the needs of increasingly complex systemic innovations where multiple organisations are involved as co-innovators and many other intermediaries and decision makers need to be included in the innovation adoption process. These types of innovations are usually driven by the interplay of multi-dimensional and cross-impacting factors derived from changes in social, market, economic, political and technology systems. Thus, the ‘Dynamic Roadmapping’ does not presuppose a single desired future for complex domains, but several futures, based on the complementary strategic perspectives of inter-dependent stakeholders, which need to be contextualised and negotiated at various sectoral, national and regional levels in order to be adopted. The ‘Dynamic Roadmapping’ approach supports the achievement of the realisation of the desired futures through two main components: a ‘co-innovation group’ and an ‘observatory function’. The co-innovation group is formed from all the necessary co-innovators, adopters, decision makers and users that are needed in order for the innovations to be developed and adopted. Their function is predominately ‘normative’ describing “what they want to happen” and “how” it will happen. The observatory function provides foresight and sense making methodologies to the co-innovation group, in order to constantly review and adapt their roadmaps in light of the emerging changes that can impact the roadmaps’ realisation and adoption. A conceptual model and its theoretical grounding have been built in order to bridge support for roadmapping activities among different innovative communities (e.g. in policy, research, industry and practice) and foster their collaboration via stakeholders’ innovation networks. The proposed conceptual model and its process framework have been evaluated in a case study in order to establish its validity in the European context and provide implications to theory and practice. A pilot of this framework is first implemented for the area of Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL). The impact of this research is: - Managing uncertainty in Future planning - Managing and implementing emergent Roadmaps for systemic innovations - Monitoring and adapt the produced Roadmaps according to change factors in emerging reality - Ensure their adoption in complex domain This research work has been funded by an EU Marie-Curry Fellowship grant via the DYRECT project no. 255182. The proposed integrated framework has been adopted by the EU TEL-Map project (in education sector) and EU CRe-AM project (in creative industry sector). It has been documented in many European project deliverables as well as in international conference papers, and in journal papers.

Almost two thirds of the Earth's surface is covered in ocean, and yet, only about 5% of it is mapped. There are an unknown amount of sunken ships, planes, and other artifacts hidden below the sea. Extensive search via boat and a sonar tow fish following a standard lawnmower pattern is used to identify sites of interest. Then, if a site has been determined to potentially be historically significant, the most common next step is a survey by either a human dive team or remotely operated vehicle. These are time consuming, error prone, and potentially dangerous options, but autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are a possible solution. This thesis introduces a system for automatically generating paths for AUVs to survey and map shipwrecks. Most AUVs include software to set a lawnmower path for a given region of ocean, and individualized paths can be set via specifying GPS encoded nodes for the AUV to pass through. This thesis presents an algorithm for generating an individualized path that permits the AUV, equipped with a camera to "see" all sides of a region of interest (i.e. a shipwreck). This allows the region of interest to be completely documented. Photogrammetry can then be used to reconstruct a three-dimensional model, but a path is needed to do so. Paths are generated by a probabilistic roadmap algorithm that uses a rapidly-exploring random tree to quickly cover the volume of exploration space and generate small maps with good coverage. The roadmap is constructed out of nodes, each having its own weight. The weight of a given node is calculated using an objective function which measures an approximate view coverage by casting rays from the virtual view and intersecting them with the region of interest. In addition, the weight of a node is increased if this node allows the AUV to see a new side of the region of interest. In each iteration of the algorithm, a node to expand off of is selected based off its location in space or its high weight, a new node with a given amount of freedom is generated, and then added to the roadmap. The algorithm has degrees of freedom in position, pitch, and yaw as well as the objective function to encourage the path to see all sides of the region of interest. Once all sides of the region of interest have been viewed, a path is determined to be complete. The algorithm was tested in a virtual world where the virtual camera acted as the AUV. All of the images collected from our automatically generated path were used to create 3D models and point clouds using photogrammetry. To measure the effectiveness of our paths versus the pre-packaged lawnmower paths, the 3D models and point clouds created from our algorithm were compared to those generated from running a standard lawnmower pattern. The paths generated by our algorithm captured images that could be used in a 3D reconstruction which were more detailed and showed better coverage of the region of interest than those from the lawnmower pattern.

O roadmapping foi introduzido pela Motorola há mais de 26 anos como uma abordagem para apoiar o planejamento integrado de mercado, produtos e tecnologia. O principal objetivo do roadmapping é a criação de roadmaps, representações visuais em forma de diagramas e tabelas, que capturam e sintetizam informações de mercado, produtos, tecnologias e recursos em um plano com metas para novos desenvolvimentos. A introdução do processo de roadmapping compreende uma série de desafios. Um dos principais, segundo estudos recentes, é a dificuldade de sustentar o processo de roadmapping, ou seja, manter os roadmaps atualizados após a construção do primeiro mapa. Esta dificuldade pode ser atribuída ao fato de que a maioria das aplicações se baseia na utilização de especialistas externos à organização para coleta e análise de informações, o que é proibitivo para algumas organizações em função dos custos envolvidos e a uma lacuna na literatura, que não apresenta um modelo que oriente os praticantes em como manter os roadmaps atualizados. Este estudo apresenta um modelo de atualização de roadmaps que explora duas teorias conjuntamente: a utilização de conceitos do ciclo de inteligência competitiva e princípios de agilidade. Descreve-se o desenvolvimento de um modelo para atualização de roadmaps desenvolvido a partir de uma pesquisa-ação em uma organização do segmento de bens de consumo para a construção civil. Como resultados, apresentam-se o modelo desenvolvido e sua avaliação pelos profissionais da organização. Os dados coletados indicam que o modelo proposto contribuiu para esta organização em específico por meio de um impacto positivo no grau de monitoramento constante de informações, a credibilidade no roadmap e sua utilização durante a elaboração da estratégia de inovação da organização. Um dos diferenciais do modelo é a proposição de um arcabouço que pode ser realizado pela própria organização através da formação de times ágeis, sem a necessidade de criação de novas posições e áreas funcionais. / Roadmapping was introduced by Motorola more than 26 years ago as an approach to support market, product and technology integrated planning. The main objective of the roadmapping is to create roadmaps, visual models of diagrams and tables that capture and synthetize market, product, technology and resources information in a plan compounded by goals for new developments. The roadmapping implementation enhances several challenges. One of the main, according to recent studies, its the difficulty in sustain the roadmapping process, in other words, maintain the roadmaps updated. This difficult can be attributed to the fact that the most of the applications are based on the use of external experts to collect e analyze information, which is prohibitive to some organizations due to the costs involved and to a gap in the literature, that doesnt present a model for guiding the practitioners in how to maintain the roadmaps updated. This paper presents a model for updating roadmaps that combines competitive intelligence and agile management theories. The model was developed through an action research in a civil construction segment organization. The collect data shows that the developed model contributed to this specific organization, by means of a positive impact on the degree of continuous information monitoring, the credibility on the roadmap and its use during the organizations innovation strategy formulation. One of the differentials of the model is the proposition of a framework that can be managed by the organization itself through the use of agile teams, without the need of new holes or functional areas to accomplish it.

O roadmapping foi introduzido pela Motorola há mais de 26 anos como uma abordagem para apoiar o planejamento integrado de mercado, produtos e tecnologia. O principal objetivo do roadmapping é a criação de roadmaps, representações visuais em forma de diagramas e tabelas, que capturam e sintetizam informações de mercado, produtos, tecnologias e recursos em um plano com metas para novos desenvolvimentos. A introdução do processo de roadmapping compreende uma série de desafios. Um dos principais, segundo estudos recentes, é a dificuldade de sustentar o processo de roadmapping, ou seja, manter os roadmaps atualizados após a construção do primeiro mapa. Esta dificuldade pode ser atribuída ao fato de que a maioria das aplicações se baseia na utilização de especialistas externos à organização para coleta e análise de informações, o que é proibitivo para algumas organizações em função dos custos envolvidos e a uma lacuna na literatura, que não apresenta um modelo que oriente os praticantes em como manter os roadmaps atualizados. Este estudo apresenta um modelo de atualização de roadmaps que explora duas teorias conjuntamente: a utilização de conceitos do ciclo de inteligência competitiva e princípios de agilidade. Descreve-se o desenvolvimento de um modelo para atualização de roadmaps desenvolvido a partir de uma pesquisa-ação em uma organização do segmento de bens de consumo para a construção civil. Como resultados, apresentam-se o modelo desenvolvido e sua avaliação pelos profissionais da organização. Os dados coletados indicam que o modelo proposto contribuiu para esta organização em específico por meio de um impacto positivo no grau de monitoramento constante de informações, a credibilidade no roadmap e sua utilização durante a elaboração da estratégia de inovação da organização. Um dos diferenciais do modelo é a proposição de um arcabouço que pode ser realizado pela própria organização através da formação de times ágeis, sem a necessidade de criação de novas posições e áreas funcionais. / Roadmapping was introduced by Motorola more than 26 years ago as an approach to support market, product and technology integrated planning. The main objective of the roadmapping is to create roadmaps, visual models of diagrams and tables that capture and synthetize market, product, technology and resources information in a plan compounded by goals for new developments. The roadmapping implementation enhances several challenges. One of the main, according to recent studies, its the difficulty in sustain the roadmapping process, in other words, maintain the roadmaps updated. This difficult can be attributed to the fact that the most of the applications are based on the use of external experts to collect e analyze information, which is prohibitive to some organizations due to the costs involved and to a gap in the literature, that doesnt present a model for guiding the practitioners in how to maintain the roadmaps updated. This paper presents a model for updating roadmaps that combines competitive intelligence and agile management theories. The model was developed through an action research in a civil construction segment organization. The collect data shows that the developed model contributed to this specific organization, by means of a positive impact on the degree of continuous information monitoring, the credibility on the roadmap and its use during the organizations innovation strategy formulation. One of the differentials of the model is the proposition of a framework that can be managed by the organization itself through the use of agile teams, without the need of new holes or functional areas to accomplish it.

<p>Many of the applications that have been proposed for future small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are at low altitude in areas with many obstacles. A vital component for successful navigation in such environments is a path planner that can find collision free paths for the UAV.</p><p>Two popular path planning algorithms are the probabilistic roadmap algorithm (PRM) and the rapidly-exploring random tree algorithm (RRT).</p><p>Adaptations of these algorithms to an unmanned autonomous helicopter are presented in this thesis, together with a number of extensions for handling constraints at different stages of the planning process.</p><p>The result of this work is twofold:</p><p>First, the described planners and extensions have been implemented and integrated into the software architecture of a UAV. A number of flight tests with these algorithms have been performed on a physical helicopter and the results from some of them are presented in this thesis.</p><p>Second, an empirical study has been conducted, comparing the performance of the different algorithms and extensions in this planning domain. It is shown that with the environment known in advance, the PRM algorithm generally performs better than the RRT algorithm due to its precompiled roadmaps, but that the latter is also usable as long as the environment is not too complex. The study also shows that simple geometric constraints can be added in the runtime phase of the PRM algorithm, without a big impact on performance. It is also shown that postponing the motion constraints to the runtime phase can improve the performance of the planner in some cases.</p> / Report code: LiU–Tek–Lic–2006:10.

In market-driven product development, large numbers of requirements flow in continuously. It is critical for product management to select the requirements aligned with overall business goals and discard others as early as possible. It has been suggested in literature to utilize product strategies for early requirements triage and selection. However, no explicit method/model/framework has been suggested as how to do it. This thesis presents a model for early requirements triage and selection utilizing product strategies based on a literature study and interviews with people at two organizations about the requirements triage and selection processes and product strategies formulation. The model is validated statically within the same two organizations. / 0735530320

Many of the applications that have been proposed for future small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are at low altitude in areas with many obstacles. A vital component for successful navigation in such environments is a path planner that can find collision free paths for the UAV. Two popular path planning algorithms are the probabilistic roadmap algorithm (PRM) and the rapidly-exploring random tree algorithm (RRT). Adaptations of these algorithms to an unmanned autonomous helicopter are presented in this thesis, together with a number of extensions for handling constraints at different stages of the planning process. The result of this work is twofold: First, the described planners and extensions have been implemented and integrated into the software architecture of a UAV. A number of flight tests with these algorithms have been performed on a physical helicopter and the results from some of them are presented in this thesis. Second, an empirical study has been conducted, comparing the performance of the different algorithms and extensions in this planning domain. It is shown that with the environment known in advance, the PRM algorithm generally performs better than the RRT algorithm due to its precompiled roadmaps, but that the latter is also usable as long as the environment is not too complex. The study also shows that simple geometric constraints can be added in the runtime phase of the PRM algorithm, without a big impact on performance. It is also shown that postponing the motion constraints to the runtime phase can improve the performance of the planner in some cases. / <p>Report code: LiU–Tek–Lic–2006:10.</p>

Dans le contexte du réchauffement climatique global, les institutions académiques et internationales comme GIEC et de nombreux pays ont proposé des objectifs de réduction des émissions de CO2. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'évaluer ces objectifs gouvernementaux en les comparants avec les objectifs globaux à l'aide de différentes méthodes d'allocations lesquelles correspondent à différents principes d'équité en matière d'émissions carbones.Afin d'évaluer les feuilles de route technologique permettant d'obtenir les réductions d'émission de CO2 nécessaires, un modèle qualifié de flexible est proposé à destination des décideurs. Notre modèle permet d'éviter les opérations informatiques complexes et peut être personnalisé en fonction de différents besoins. Les simulations sont réalisées jusqu'à l'horizon 2050 lequel est souvent considéré comme un pivot dans les habitudes de consommation d'énergies notamment. Dans cette thèse, des feuilles de route technologique pour les différents objectifs gouvernementaux en matières d'émissions de CO2 sont étudiées pour trois pays : la Chine, la France et les États-Unis. Le modèle couvre les principaux secteurs responsables des émissions de CO2 et étudie l'influence de différentes technologies sur le mix énergétique. Diverses méthodes et approches sont utilisées dans notre modélisation. L'identité IPAT est utilisée pour la décomposition des émissions dans les secteurs de l'énergie. Le modèle STIRPAT permet quant à lui d'évaluer l'évolution des émissions de CO2 dans les scénarios Business-as-Usual. Le modèle SVR est utilisé dans le cadre des projections de production d'électricité. Enfin, l'indice de Theil est employé pour mesurer les inégalités d'émissions de CO2 par tête. A la différence des modèles plus classiques en économie de l'énergie, notre modèle propose des feuilles de route technologiques selon différents critères, comme par exemple avec le développement « équilibré » de la technologie entre les secteurs, ou le critère de disponibilité des ressources énergétiques. Par ailleurs, l'équité carbone, avec la convergence des technologies dans les secteurs à long terme, peut être mise en œuvre dans notre modèle et joue, dans ce cas, comme une contrainte supplémentaire dans l'optimisation multi-objectifs.Nos résultats montrent que les objectifs gouvernementaux en France et aux États-Unis sont « très stricts » car, pour les atteindre, tous les secteurs doivent réaliser des efforts importants de réduction de CO2. En revanche, l'objectif gouvernemental de la Chine s'avère « plus facile » à réaliser car les progrès dans les technologies qui sont nécessaires sont moins exigeants.Plus précisément, si on prévoit que le mix énergétique reste inchangé en Chine et aux États-Unis, le CSC deviendra indispensable dans le secteur de l'énergie. Pour la France, 80% des voitures devront être remplacées par des véhicules électriques afin d'atteindre son objectif en matière de CO2.Toutefois, en considérant l'équité carbone entre secteurs, la combustion du charbon est censée être réduite de deux tiers en Chine et devra être pratiquement éliminée aux États-Unis. Par contre, le gaz peut être encouragé dans son utilisation dans le secteur de l'énergie en particulier aux États-Unis. Concernant le secteur du transport, plus de 60 % des véhicules doivent être remplacés par des véhicules électriques en Chine. Cette part serait d'environ 90 % en France et aux États-Unis.Enfin, la sensibilité des paramètres du modèle a été testée pour simulations, à chaque étape du travail, et pour toutes les roadmaps technologiques. Les résultats des tests de sensibilité montrent que la production d'électricité et l'intensité d'émissions sont les deux paramètres dont l'influence est la plus importante sur les émissions futures de CO2. Ainsi l'amélioration de l'efficacité de la combustion du charbon et de l'efficacité énergétique de l'électricité joueront un rôle central dans la réductions des émissions de CO2. / In the context of global warming, academic institutes, international institutions such as the IPCC, and governments of numerous countries have proposed global objectives of reducing CO2 emissions and announced national targets. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the governmental targets in comparing with the global objectives of various allocation methods, which correspond to different carbon equity principles.In order to evaluate the technology roadmaps which are necessary to achieve these reductions of CO2 emissions, a flexible modeling framework is proposed for policy makers. Our sectoral model avoids the complex computing operations. It can be customized according to different requirements and situations. We simulate the model up to the horizon 2050, which is often seen as a turning point in energy use patterns worldwide – forced by the probable decline in hydrocarbons extraction.In the thesis, the technology roadmaps for the governmental targets on CO2 emissions are studied for three typical countries: China, France, and the United States. The model covers the sectors responsible for the greatest part of CO2 emissions: power, transport, residence and industry sector, in studying the impacts of the principle energy technologies, such as energy mix, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), electric vehicles and energy efficiency.Various methods and approaches are used in our modeling. IPAT identity - which assumes the environment Impact is the results of Population, Affluence and Technology - is employed in the power sector emission decomposition. Besides STIRPAT - for Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology - model is used for the projection of CO2 emissions in the Business-as-Usual scenario. Then SVR - for Support Vector Regression - is used to forecast electricity production. Finally, the Theil index is employed as the measurement of per capita CO2 emission inequality. Different from classic cost-effective energy system models, our model provides the technology pathways for different criteria, such as balanced development of energy technology across sectors, availability of energy resources, etc. Besides, the carbon equity is employed as one of the constraints in the multi-objective optimization, under the consideration of the convergence of technologies in sectors in the long-term.Our results show that the governmental targets in France and the United States prove very strict, as they require all sectors to make large efforts in reducing CO2 emissions. In contrast, the governmental target in China seems more easily achievable, as the necessary advances of technologies are less demanding. More precisely: if the energy mix is expected to be kept unchanged in China and in the United States of America, the CCS prove indispensable in the power sector. In France, 80% of automobiles are required to be changed into electric vehicles, in order to get the target of CO2 emissions.However, under the sectoral carbon equity consideration, coal combustion is projected to be reduced by two thirds in China, and it will have to be almost eliminated in the United States to achieve their CO2 reduction target. But gas is encouraged to be used in the power sector, especially in the United States. Regarding the transport sector, more than 60% of vehicles should be replaced to electric vehicles in China, and this share will be about up to 90% in France and the United States.Finally the sensitivity of parameters in the model is tested for a robust simulation, at each step of the work, and for all technology roadmaps. The results of the sensitivity tests show that electricity production and the emission intensity of production are the two parameters with the most important influence on CO2 emissions. Thus improving the efficiency of coal combustion and the energy efficiency of electricity will play an important role in the CO2 emission reductions.

Orientador: Sergio Ferreira do Amaral / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T13:18:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Colombo_Marcelo_M.pdf: 1136000 bytes, checksum: 371c3aa3d0e54815241dc000918c9b64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Para o desenvolvimento desta ferramenta de autoria para aplicação de Vídeos Digitais Interativos na Educação, tomou-se como linha condutora as bases de Criação de Roteiros, Interatividade e Linguagem baseada em Vídeos, fazendo com que esse trabalho criasse um conjunto de ferramentas de autoria num ambiente computacional e que permitam a construção de conteúdo audiovisual de forma autônoma, sem que sejam necessários conhecimentos técnicos de programação para a sua geração. / Abstract: For the development of this authoring tool for Interactive Digital Videos application in Education we have used as foundation screenplays creation, interactive behaviour and language based on videos, what create an authoring tool set in a computational enviroment that allows to build audio-visual content in a independent way, without large technical knowledge in programming languages to use. / Mestrado / Filosofia e História da Educação / Mestre em Educação

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