In dieser Arbeit wird das Verhalten von gewickelten Seilen aus Stahllitze unter Zug- und Biegebelastung mit Hilfe der Methode der Finiten Elemente untersucht. Ausgehend von dem Modell einer einfachen Litze mit einem Kern- und sechs Außendrähten erfolgt eine ausführliche Analyse der Spannungsverteilung sowohl bei rein axialer Belastung als auch bei Biegung über eine Seilscheibe. Darauf aufbauend wird das Simulationsmodell schrittweise um komplexere Seilkonstruktionen bis hin zu zweifachen Verseilungen erweitert. Daran schließt sich die Untersuchung der inneren Belastungen bei Einbettung in ein Elastomer an, wie dies bei Zugsträngen in Riemengetrieben der Fall ist, sowie der spezifischen Einflüsse der Verzahnung auf die Seilbeanspruchung bei Zahnriemengetrieben. Des weiteren wird eine Möglichkeit der Validierung der Modelle vorgestellt, die ein experimentelles Ermitteln der Relativverschiebungen der Filamente auch im Inneren des Seils zulässt. Abschließend folgen Richtlinien zur Auslegung von Zugsträngen in Zahnriemen sowie Vorschläge, die in dieser Arbeit gewonnenen Ergebnisse in eine zukünftige Verschleißtheorie einfließen zu lassen. / This work examines the behaviour of steel cords under tensile loading and bending by the Method of Finite Elements (FEM). Beginning with a simple strand consisting of one centre and six outer wires a detailed analysis of the stress distribution is made for pure strain as well as for bending over a sheave. Based on this examination the model is extended step by step towards complex cord constructions. The investigation of cables embedded in an elastomer follows, especially the influence of a tooth profile of timing belts on the load inside the cable. Furthermore, a possible validation method for the model is presented. In conclusion directives are given for steel cord design in timing belts and suggestions are made to use the results in a wear model in the future.

In power plants using large utility coal-fired boilers for generation of electricity the coal is pulverised in coal mills and then it has to be pneumatically transported and distributed to a larger number of burners (e.g. 30-40) circumferentially arranged in several rows around the burning chamber of the boiler. Besides the large pipework flow splitting devices are necessary for distribution of an equal amount of pulverised fuel (PF) to each of the burners. So called trifurcators (without inner fittings or guiding vanes) and ''riffle'' type bifurcators are commonly used to split the gas-coal particle flow into two or three pipes/channels with an equal amount of PF mass flow rate in each outflow cross section of the flow splitting device. These PF flow splitting devices are subject of a number of problems. First of all an uneven distribution of PF over the burners of a large utility boiler leads to operational and maintenance problems, increased level of unburned carbon and higher rates of NOX emissions. Maldistribution of fuel between burners caused by non uniform concentration of the PF (particle roping) in pipe and channel bends prior to flow splitting devices leads to uncontrolled differences in the fuel to air ratio between burners. This results in localised regions in the furnace which are fuel rich, where insufficient air causes incomplete combustion of the fuel. Other regions in the furnace become fuel lean, forming high local concentrations of NOX due to the high local concentrations of O2. Otherwise PF maldistribution can impact on power plant maintenance in terms of uneven wear on PF pipework, flow splitters as well as the effects on boiler panels (PF deposition, corrosion, slagging). In order to address these problems in establishing uniform PF distribution over the outlet cross sections of flow splitting devices in the pipework of coal-fired power plants the present paper deals with numerical prediction and analysis of the complex gas and coal particle (PF) flow through trifurcators and ''riffle'' type bifurcators. The numerical investigation is based on a 3-dimensional Eulerian- Lagrangian approach (MISTRAL/PartFlow-3D) developed by Frank et al. The numerical method is capable to predict isothermal, incompressible, steady gas- particle flows in 3-dimensional, geometrically complex flow geometries using boundary fitted, block-structured, numerical grids. Due to the very high numerical effort of the investigated gas-particle flows the numerical approach has been developed with special emphasis on efficient parallel computing on clusters of workstations or other high performance computing architectures. Besides the aerodynamically interaction between the carrier fluid phase and the PF particles the gas-particle flow is mainly influenced by particle-wall interactions with the outer wall boundaries and the inner fittings and guiding vanes of the investigated flow splitting devices. In order to allow accurate quantitative prediction of the motion of the disperse phase the numerical model requires detailed information about the particle-wall collision process. In commonly used physical models of the particle-wall interaction this is the knowledge or experimental prediction of the restitution coefficients (dynamic friction coefficient, coefficient of restitution) for the used combination of particle and wall material, e.g. PF particles on steel. In the present investigation these parameters of the particle-wall interaction model have been obtained from special experiments in two test facilities. Basic experiments to clarify the details of the particle-wall interaction process were made in a test facility with a spherical disk accelerator. This test facility furthermore provides the opportunity to investigate the bouncing process under normal pressure as well as under vacuum conditions, thus excluding aerodynamically influences on the motion of small particles in the near vicinity of solid wall surfaces (especially under small angles of attack). In this experiments spherical glass beads were used as particle material. In a second test facility we have investigated the real impact of non-spherical pulverised fuel particles on a steel/ceramic target. In this experiments PF particles were accelerated by an injector using inert gas like e.g. CO2 or N2 as the carrier phase in order to avoid dust explosion hazards. The obtained data for the particle-wall collision models were compared to those obtained for glass spheres, where bouncing models are proofed to be valid. Furthermore the second test facility was used to obtain particle erosion rates for PF particles on steel targets as a function of impact angles and velocities. The results of experimental investigations has been incorporated into the numerical model. Hereafter the numerical approach MISTRAL/PartFlow-3D has been applied to the PF flow through a ''riffle'' type bifurcator. Using ICEM/CFD-Hexa as grid generator a numerical mesh with approximately 4 million grid cells has been designed for approximation of the complex geometry of the flow splitting device with all its interior fittings and guiding vanes. Based on a predicted gas flow field a large number of PF particles are tracked throughout the flow geometry of the flow-splitter. Besides mean quantities of the particle flow field like e.g. local particle concentrations, mean particle velocities, distribution of mean particle diameter, etc. it is now possible to obtain information about particle erosion on riffle plates and guiding vanes of the flow splitting device. Furthermore the influence of different roping patterns in front of the flow splitter on the uniformness of PF mass flow rate splitting after the bifurcator has been investigated numerically. Results show the efficient operation of the investigated bifurcator in absence of particle roping, this means under conditions of an uniform PF particle concentration distribution in the inflow cross section of the bifurcator. If particle roping occurs and particle concentration differs over the pipe cross section in front of the bifurcator the equal PF particle mass flow rate splitting can be strongly deteriorated in dependence on the location and intensity of the particle rope or particle concentration irregularities. The presented results show the importance of further development of efficient rope splitting devices for applications in coal-fired power plants. Numerical analysis can be used as an efficient tool for their investigation and further optimisation under various operating and flow conditions.

The thesis concentrates on the International Standard ISO 10014 - Quality management -Guidelines for realizing financial and economic benefits. In the thesis management principles and the simply methodology called PDCA are described. The thesis is focused on the priniple of process approach and nutually beneficial supplier relationship. These methods according to the Standard are applicated: Drum-Buffer-Rope within process approach and the graphical method of supplier rating, the zone control charts and the comprehensive supplier performance evaluation. The benefits from the effective application of these methods and tools are described.

The aim of the diploma thesis is the architectural design of the stadium for track cycling. It deals with a covered hall, which is located in the area of Komárov on the territory of the sports resort Hněvkovského. The urban design ofthe territory is elaborated simultaneously with the study of the hall. The resort offers a wide range of sport fields for recreational as well as top athletes, and the new velodrome hall should dominate the entire area. The buildingprovides background for the important cycling club TJ Favorit Brno. It also responds to the current requirements of track cycling and thus enables the organization of international races.

In power plants using large utility coal-fired boilers for generation of electricity the coal is pulverised in coal mills and then it has to be pneumatically transported and distributed to a larger number of burners (e.g. 30-40) circumferentially arranged in several rows around the burning chamber of the boiler. Besides the large pipework flow splitting devices are necessary for distribution of an equal amount of pulverised fuel (PF) to each of the burners. So called trifurcators (without inner fittings or guiding vanes) and ''riffle'' type bifurcators are commonly used to split the gas-coal particle flow into two or three pipes/channels with an equal amount of PF mass flow rate in each outflow cross section of the flow splitting device. These PF flow splitting devices are subject of a number of problems. First of all an uneven distribution of PF over the burners of a large utility boiler leads to operational and maintenance problems, increased level of unburned carbon and higher rates of NOX emissions. Maldistribution of fuel between burners caused by non uniform concentration of the PF (particle roping) in pipe and channel bends prior to flow splitting devices leads to uncontrolled differences in the fuel to air ratio between burners. This results in localised regions in the furnace which are fuel rich, where insufficient air causes incomplete combustion of the fuel. Other regions in the furnace become fuel lean, forming high local concentrations of NOX due to the high local concentrations of O2. Otherwise PF maldistribution can impact on power plant maintenance in terms of uneven wear on PF pipework, flow splitters as well as the effects on boiler panels (PF deposition, corrosion, slagging). In order to address these problems in establishing uniform PF distribution over the outlet cross sections of flow splitting devices in the pipework of coal-fired power plants the present paper deals with numerical prediction and analysis of the complex gas and coal particle (PF) flow through trifurcators and ''riffle'' type bifurcators. The numerical investigation is based on a 3-dimensional Eulerian- Lagrangian approach (MISTRAL/PartFlow-3D) developed by Frank et al. The numerical method is capable to predict isothermal, incompressible, steady gas- particle flows in 3-dimensional, geometrically complex flow geometries using boundary fitted, block-structured, numerical grids. Due to the very high numerical effort of the investigated gas-particle flows the numerical approach has been developed with special emphasis on efficient parallel computing on clusters of workstations or other high performance computing architectures. Besides the aerodynamically interaction between the carrier fluid phase and the PF particles the gas-particle flow is mainly influenced by particle-wall interactions with the outer wall boundaries and the inner fittings and guiding vanes of the investigated flow splitting devices. In order to allow accurate quantitative prediction of the motion of the disperse phase the numerical model requires detailed information about the particle-wall collision process. In commonly used physical models of the particle-wall interaction this is the knowledge or experimental prediction of the restitution coefficients (dynamic friction coefficient, coefficient of restitution) for the used combination of particle and wall material, e.g. PF particles on steel. In the present investigation these parameters of the particle-wall interaction model have been obtained from special experiments in two test facilities. Basic experiments to clarify the details of the particle-wall interaction process were made in a test facility with a spherical disk accelerator. This test facility furthermore provides the opportunity to investigate the bouncing process under normal pressure as well as under vacuum conditions, thus excluding aerodynamically influences on the motion of small particles in the near vicinity of solid wall surfaces (especially under small angles of attack). In this experiments spherical glass beads were used as particle material. In a second test facility we have investigated the real impact of non-spherical pulverised fuel particles on a steel/ceramic target. In this experiments PF particles were accelerated by an injector using inert gas like e.g. CO2 or N2 as the carrier phase in order to avoid dust explosion hazards. The obtained data for the particle-wall collision models were compared to those obtained for glass spheres, where bouncing models are proofed to be valid. Furthermore the second test facility was used to obtain particle erosion rates for PF particles on steel targets as a function of impact angles and velocities. The results of experimental investigations has been incorporated into the numerical model. Hereafter the numerical approach MISTRAL/PartFlow-3D has been applied to the PF flow through a ''riffle'' type bifurcator. Using ICEM/CFD-Hexa as grid generator a numerical mesh with approximately 4 million grid cells has been designed for approximation of the complex geometry of the flow splitting device with all its interior fittings and guiding vanes. Based on a predicted gas flow field a large number of PF particles are tracked throughout the flow geometry of the flow-splitter. Besides mean quantities of the particle flow field like e.g. local particle concentrations, mean particle velocities, distribution of mean particle diameter, etc. it is now possible to obtain information about particle erosion on riffle plates and guiding vanes of the flow splitting device. Furthermore the influence of different roping patterns in front of the flow splitter on the uniformness of PF mass flow rate splitting after the bifurcator has been investigated numerically. Results show the efficient operation of the investigated bifurcator in absence of particle roping, this means under conditions of an uniform PF particle concentration distribution in the inflow cross section of the bifurcator. If particle roping occurs and particle concentration differs over the pipe cross section in front of the bifurcator the equal PF particle mass flow rate splitting can be strongly deteriorated in dependence on the location and intensity of the particle rope or particle concentration irregularities. The presented results show the importance of further development of efficient rope splitting devices for applications in coal-fired power plants. Numerical analysis can be used as an efficient tool for their investigation and further optimisation under various operating and flow conditions.

In dieser Arbeit wird das Verhalten von gewickelten Seilen aus Stahllitze unter Zug- und Biegebelastung mit Hilfe der Methode der Finiten Elemente untersucht. Ausgehend von dem Modell einer einfachen Litze mit einem Kern- und sechs Außendrähten erfolgt eine ausführliche Analyse der Spannungsverteilung sowohl bei rein axialer Belastung als auch bei Biegung über eine Seilscheibe. Darauf aufbauend wird das Simulationsmodell schrittweise um komplexere Seilkonstruktionen bis hin zu zweifachen Verseilungen erweitert. Daran schließt sich die Untersuchung der inneren Belastungen bei Einbettung in ein Elastomer an, wie dies bei Zugsträngen in Riemengetrieben der Fall ist, sowie der spezifischen Einflüsse der Verzahnung auf die Seilbeanspruchung bei Zahnriemengetrieben. Des weiteren wird eine Möglichkeit der Validierung der Modelle vorgestellt, die ein experimentelles Ermitteln der Relativverschiebungen der Filamente auch im Inneren des Seils zulässt. Abschließend folgen Richtlinien zur Auslegung von Zugsträngen in Zahnriemen sowie Vorschläge, die in dieser Arbeit gewonnenen Ergebnisse in eine zukünftige Verschleißtheorie einfließen zu lassen. / This work examines the behaviour of steel cords under tensile loading and bending by the Method of Finite Elements (FEM). Beginning with a simple strand consisting of one centre and six outer wires a detailed analysis of the stress distribution is made for pure strain as well as for bending over a sheave. Based on this examination the model is extended step by step towards complex cord constructions. The investigation of cables embedded in an elastomer follows, especially the influence of a tooth profile of timing belts on the load inside the cable. Furthermore, a possible validation method for the model is presented. In conclusion directives are given for steel cord design in timing belts and suggestions are made to use the results in a wear model in the future.

Im Maschinen- und Fahrzeugbau wird die erfolgreiche Auslegung komplexer Antriebssysteme zunehmend durch leistungsfähige Simulationstechniken unterstützt. Das dynamische Zusammenspiel von verschiedenartig aufgebauten und miteinander vernetzten Teilsystemen aus unterschiedlichen physikalischen Domänen kann ausschließlich durch eine ganzheitliche Systembetrachtung untersucht und optimiert werden. Hierbei stehen besonders die Funktion, Effizienz und Prozesssicherheit in der Produktherstellung im Vordergrund. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet die Entwicklung von Bibliothekselementen zur effektiven Simulation von Band- und Koppelgetrieben innerhalb einer Simulationsumgebung. Mit einem speziell für ebene Mechanismen erarbeiteten seriellen Schnittstellenkonzept lassen sich innerhalb kurzer Zeit beliebige Getriebestrukturen frei zu einem vollständigen Antriebssystem aufbauen. Mit den neu geschaffenen Elementen können neben den allgemein bekannten Getriebeaufbauten auch Bandgetriebe modelliert werden, bei denen ein Zugmittel über Unrundscheiben, lose und feste Rollen, durch eine Abzugsdüse oder sogar über Glieder von Koppelgetrieben geführt wird. Zudem wird ein praktikables Verfahren zur Maßsynthese von Ausgleichsmechanismen mit Feder-Bandgetrieben vorgestellt sowie ein vollständiges Bewertungskriterium, das eine sichere Aussage über die physikalische Existenz einer berechneten Bandkurvenscheibenkontur hinsichtlich Stetigkeit und Konvexität zulässt. Abschließend wird anhand von Beispielen die Leistungsfähigkeit der neuen Elemente im Kontext der Gesamtsimulation demonstriert. / This paper shows the development of library elements for effective simulation of planar band mechanism and linkage gears. A specially design concept for planar mechanisms interface is able to save modelling time to build up multiple transmission structures for a complete drive system. Only by a few steps band transmissions can be modeled in which a band winded on cam discs as well as loose and fixed pulleys, eyelets of textile machines or even guided by a couple point of a linkage gear.