This thesis adopts a historical point of view to analyze Wordsworth¡¦s concept of education in relation to nineteenth-century English educational reform. In the nineteenth century, mass education, following the pace of the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution, became an indispensable social issue. Among the diverse educational reform movements, Joseph Lancaster and Andrew Bell¡¦s monitorial system was most prominent in that they provided a pedagogy that utilized teaching assistants to achieve efficiency and sufficiency in a large classroom and thus fulfilled the need of large-quantitative education of the age. Featured by efficiency, sufficiency, and materialism, the monitorial system best embodies the spirit of the Industrial Age. On the other hand, Wordsworth insisted on a community-based educational philosophy that urged people of his age to cherish old moral concepts such as harmonious, affectionate, and cooperative communal spirit inherent in traditional rural communities. The poet, representing the eighteenth-century rural tradition, observed with anxiety those children raised in an materialistic atmosphere. He delineates in his major works, especially The Excursion, a social vision that provides the best environment for the development and education of a spiritually mature man in which nature, man, and society are incorporated into a harmonious unity. This insistence on the old rural tradition distanced Wordsworth from his contemporary educational reformers and caused him to withdraw from his original support of the monitorial system.

South Africa is characterized by large-scale unemployment and it has been severe among women, especially those in rural areas. Unemployment has increased the vulnerability of many households therefore most rural households rely mainly on state social grants of which the child support grant is most popular. Education is one of the most important factors determining employment and thus income. Illiteracy among Black people in rural areas is higher than the national average. The lack of education of the head of a household is closely correlated with poverty in households. HIV/AIDS on the other hand, is one of the most rapidly spreading pandemics in the world and there is well documented evidence that the largest number of people living with the HI-virus is found in Africa and especially in South Africa. The majority of people living with HIV in the North West Province are part of households living in unfavourable economic situations. The extent to which people can protect themselves from HIV infection depends on their knowledge of perceived risk and their capacity to apply that knowledge. Based on the above, it is clear that professional and structured intervention is necessary to address these socio-economic problems rural communities are facing. The aim of the research was to engage in an exploratory investigation to determine the need for social work intervention in a rural community with regard to unemployment and HIV/AIDS. The population studied in this research consisted of 230 households in the rural community called Heuningvlei which was randomly selected. The interview schedule was utilized and the head of household or the next in charge completed the interview schedule. The findings showed that unemployment and HIV/AIDS are dual problems that negatively affect the rural community and therefore needs to be addressed in a structured and professional manner. In conclusion it can be said that the research has proved that social work intervention is necessary to address unemployment and HIV/AIDS in a rural community / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

South Africa is characterized by large-scale unemployment and it has been severe among women, especially those in rural areas. Unemployment has increased the vulnerability of many households therefore most rural households rely mainly on state social grants of which the child support grant is most popular. Education is one of the most important factors determining employment and thus income. Illiteracy among Black people in rural areas is higher than the national average. The lack of education of the head of a household is closely correlated with poverty in households. HIV/AIDS on the other hand, is one of the most rapidly spreading pandemics in the world and there is well documented evidence that the largest number of people living with the HI-virus is found in Africa and especially in South Africa. The majority of people living with HIV in the North West Province are part of households living in unfavourable economic situations. The extent to which people can protect themselves from HIV infection depends on their knowledge of perceived risk and their capacity to apply that knowledge. Based on the above, it is clear that professional and structured intervention is necessary to address these socio-economic problems rural communities are facing. The aim of the research was to engage in an exploratory investigation to determine the need for social work intervention in a rural community with regard to unemployment and HIV/AIDS. The population studied in this research consisted of 230 households in the rural community called Heuningvlei which was randomly selected. The interview schedule was utilized and the head of household or the next in charge completed the interview schedule. The findings showed that unemployment and HIV/AIDS are dual problems that negatively affect the rural community and therefore needs to be addressed in a structured and professional manner. In conclusion it can be said that the research has proved that social work intervention is necessary to address unemployment and HIV/AIDS in a rural community / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1965. / Extension Repository Collection. Typescript (photocopy). Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 195-203).

South Africa’s rural communities have received Information and Communication Technologies services through initiatives such as tele-centres, living labs, Thusong service centres and donations of computer applications. There is need, with little plans in place to ensure that the rural communities will benefit from those initiatives. As a result of this, it is necessary to establish a framework for implementing Information and Communication Technologies for development initiatives in order to ensure successful implementation of these initiatives in rural communities. Literature shows that in order to successfully implement an ICT initiative for rural communities, there should be active engagement with ICT stakeholders, consultation of Information and Communication Technologies policies, presence of ICT infrastructure, ICT services, monitoring, evaluating, training and maintenance. Current literature on ICT developments shows that in order to successfully implement an ICT initiative for rural communities, there should be active engagement with ICT stakeholders, consultation of ICT policies, and presence of ICT infrastructure, ICT services, monitoring, evaluating, training and maintenance. Unstructured interviews were used as a research method to collect primary data that was used as a basis to develop the proposed framework. Findings from the studies carried out indicated that several ICT4D initiatives which were abandoned due to challenges such lack of proper resources, trainings, lack of local content, access, lack of ownership and lack of stakeholders’ involvement. This study presents a framework for implementing ICT for development initiatives in rural communities which has been developed in order to reduce the number of initiatives that are abandoned or which end up not serving their intended purpose in rural communities of South Africa.

Class of 2006 Abstract / Objectives: To evaluate the use of the numerical pain scale at the Sierra Vista Regional Health Center Emergency Department in adult patients presenting with a chief complaint of pain. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on 299 charts of patients presenting to the emergency department with a chief complaint of pain. Results: Pain was assessed in 86.2% of 299 patients at triage, 26.4% post-intervention, and 58.2% at discharge. The average pain value reported by patients at triage was 6.3. Subsequent average pain value post-intervention was 4.1 and 2.9 at discharge. The average pain value at triage compared to the average pain value at discharge was statistically different (p<0.05). Conclusions: Pain assessment using the NRS is not being performed adequately in all patients presenting to the emergency department at SVRHC with a chief complaint of pain.

Abstract Low population density in rural areas makes it difficult to deliver services to people with mental health problems and nonmedical prescription opioid abuse remains a problem in the United States. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether a parent's socioeconomic status affected care opportunities for children 12 to 17 years of age and whether bipolar disorder increased the likelihood of substance abuse in those children. The theory of reasoned action/planned behavior provided the framework for the study. Secondary data from the Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research 36361 data system, specifically the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2014, were collected that included information about the socioeconomic status of adolescents and their parents. Cross-sectional analysis was used to analyze data. The first research examined the extent to which bipolar disorder influenced opioid abuse in those between the ages of 12 and 17. There was a nonsignificant association between the variables: chi-square probability values (p > 0.05) for mental health difficulties and ever-used pain relievers non-medically. There was a significant association between mental health and emotional difficulties at p < 0.05. The second research question examined whether a parent's socioeconomic status impacted the level of care opportunities for those 12 to 17 years' old in relation to bipolar disorder in rural communities. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, no significance was found between level-of-care opportunities and a parent's socioeconomic status. The findings of this study have potential to bring about social change by increasing clinician skills related to intervention planning related to opioid abuse in rural communities among adolescents with bipolar disorder.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第17794号 / エネ博第277号 / 新制||エネ||58(附属図書館) / 30601 / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 東野 達, 教授 坂 志朗, 教授 米田 稔 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Darbo tikslas – parengti savanorių darbo organizavimo kaimo bendruomeninėse organizacijose tobulinimo schemą. Uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti Lietuvos ir užsienio autorių darbo organizavimo teorines nuostatas, pritaikant jas kaimo bendruomeninėms organizacijoms. 2. Ištirti Marijampolės apskrities kaimo bendruomeninių organizacijų savanorių darbo organizavimą. 3. Nustatyti Marijampolės apskrities kaimo bendruomeninių organizacijų savanorių darbo organizavimo ypatumus. 4. Pateikti kaimo bendruomeninių organizacijų savanorių darbo organizavimo schemą. Tyrimo objektas - savanorių darbo organizavimas kaimo bendruomeninėse organizacijose. Tyrimo dalykas – Marijampolės apskrities kaimo bendruomeninių organizacijų vadovų nuomonės, vertinant savanorių darbo organizavimo elementus, jų svarbą. Tyrimo metu buvo surinkta, išanalizuota ir apibendrinta teorinė medžiaga apie savanorių darbo organizavimą kaimo bendruomeninėse organizacijose, jos specifiką. Buvo atliktas struktūrizuotas ekspertinis interviu su trijų lygių Vilkaviškio ir Šakių rajono kaimo bendruomeninių organizacijų vadovais. Ekspertinio interviu metu buvo siekiama išsiaiškinti kaimo bendruomeninėse organizacijose darbo organizavimo ypatumus bei identifikuoti dažniausiai iškylančias problemas. Darbe pateikiamos rekomendacijos lyderiams pagal bendruomeninių organizacijų tipus, padedančios išspręsti dažniausiai iškylančias savanorių darbo organizavimo problemas. Šiomis rekomendacijomis galėtų pasinaudoti, ne tik Marijampolės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research aim – formulate plan for organization work of voluntary in rural community. Objectives: 1. To analyse theoretic dimension of Lithuanian and foreign writers, use them in rural communities. 2. To survey organization work of voluntary in rural communities of Marijampolė’s locality. 3. To establish peculiarities of organization of voluntary in rural communities of Marijampolė locality. 4. To give plan for organization work of voluntary in rural community. Research object - organization of voluntary in rural communities. Research subject – the opinions of rural communities leaders in Marijampolė locality, consideret details and importance of organization in voluntary. Research methods. During research was cumulated, analysed and summarized theoretic stuff about organization of voluntary in rural communities and about they particularity. During research was done structural expert interview with three levels of communities in Vilkaviškis and Šakiai district leaders. The main idea of expert interview was ascertained the peculiarity of organization in rural communities and to identify problems. In research project I present recommendations for leaders of rural communities under community category. The recommendations can help to solve problems of organization in voluntary. These recommendations can be useful not only for Marijampolė’s locality, but also to all Lithuania inactive, to still learning and active communities.

Esta dissertação identifica e analisa as redes pessoais de comunicação de habitantes de pequenas vilas rurais, em lugares específicos dessas vilas, tais como a praça, as igrejas, os armazéns, o posto de saúde, entre outros locais onde as pessoas se encontram. Verifica que meios de comunicação social estão presentes nas comunidades estudadas e como os habitantes se relacionam com esses meios. O estudo está focado também nos processos de afirmação da cultura local, hibridização cultural e rejeição de elementos culturais exógenos que transitam pelas redes pessoais de comunicação. A pesquisa de campo foi desenvolvida no Bairro da Bocaina, no município de Cunha, SP, Brasil, e no Anexo de Calca, Província de Tarma, no Peru, com a utilização das técnicas da pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, com observação participante. Foram entrevistadas mulheres e algumas lideranças, no total de doze pessoas em Bocaina e onze em Calca. Em função da estrutura e características de pequenas comunidades agrícolas, que valorizam seu passado, suas tradições e seus costumes, as transformações culturais, a partir da comunicação, ocorrem de forma mais lenta do que nas sociedades urbanas, nas quais as mudanças tendem a ser constantes e aceleradas. As redes pessoais de comunicação foram estudadas com base nos conceitos dos estudos da recepção. / This work identifies and analyses the personal communication nets of inhabitants of short rural villages, in specific places of these villages, such as the square, the churches, the warehouses, the health station and other places where people meet themselves. The work verifies that social means of communication are present in the analyzed communities and how people establish relations with these means. The study is also focused in the affirmation process of the local culture, cultural hybridization and rejection of exogenous cultural elements that pass through personal communication nets. The field research was carried out in Bocaina quarter, Cunha city, SP, Brazil and in Calca, Tarma Province, Peru, with the use of techniques of exploratory and qualitative research, with participant observation. Women and some leaders were interviewed, twelve in Bocaina and eleven in Calca. Because of the structure and characteristics of short agricultural communities, that value their past, traditions and customs, the cultural transformations, from the communicational manner, occur in a slower way than in the urban societies, where changes tend to be continuous and fast. The personal communication nets were studied based in the concepts of reception studies.