Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-10-25T22:35:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DESEMPENHO AGRON?MICO E REA??O DE GEN?TIPOS QUANTO A VIROSES DO MELOEIRO.pdf: 1692172 bytes, checksum: e8b64597d2500108ef071bf181d32a3f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-25T22:35:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DESEMPENHO AGRON?MICO E REA??O DE GEN?TIPOS QUANTO A VIROSES DO MELOEIRO.pdf: 1692172 bytes, checksum: e8b64597d2500108ef071bf181d32a3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / In Brazil, the viruses are among the main phytosanitary problems affecting species of this family, causing reduction in fruit quality and significant loss in production. The aim of this study was to obtain and evaluate melon genotypes regarding their resistance to virus, but with emphasis on the Melon Yellowing (MYaV), their production capacity and their fruit quality. In the second half of 2014, two experiments were conducted in Bebedouro (Embrapa Semi?rido?s experimental field located in the city of Petrolina ? PE, Brazil), in the design of randomized blocks, constituted as follows: Experiment I, three replications and 24 treatments; Experiment II, six replications and seven treatments. In 2015, the Experiment III was conducted with three replications and 21 treatments. It was adopted the spacing 2.0 m x 0.5 m (Experiment I and II) and 2.0 m x 0.3 m (Experiment III). The sow was in polystyrene trays containing commercial substrate, which was kept in a greenhouse until the appearance of the first leaf stage, following what the transplanting was conducted. The incidence and severity of Melon Yellowing (MYaV) was evaluated with a rating scale of 0 to 4 (where 0 = no visual symptoms; 4 = severe yellowing in 75 up to 100% of the leaf area. In Experiment III (2015), was also made the estimation of total chlorophyll on the leaves and serological identification of the virus: Melon yellowing associated virus (MYaV) was by DAS-Elisa, Papaya ringspot virus - type watermelon (PRSV-W), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV ) by dot ? Elisa. After harvest, the fruits were evaluated regarding fruit mass (FM); fruit length (FL); fruit diameter (FD); aspect ratio (AR); pulp thickness (PT) and soluble solids. The lowest average for melon yellowing severity was shown by the Line 5 genotype (T4), the derivatives of Lineage 1 (Experiment I), BGMEL 160 (Experiment II) and BGMEL 109 (Experiment II and III). Among the genotypes, there are differences in the reaction to MYaV, ranging from highly resistant to highly susceptible. It's possible to select resistant genotypes to MYaV in BGMEL 109, GoldF2 Lineage, BGMEL 001, Lineage 8 and Lineage 1. Most of the genotypes analyzed came from the inodorus group, the yellow type, with yellow skin, but the skin color intensity ranged from medium to dark.The virus more often found was the MYaV, which justifies the concern of the productive sector with this virus. The severity of the Melon Yellowing is negatively correlated with the total chlorophyll on the leaves. For the breeding program, the note scale used in this study based on symptoms, associated with total chlorophyll measurements and serologic evaluation, are efficient tools for discriminating resistant and susceptible genotypes, making it possible to advance the breeding program for resistance to MYaV. / No Brasil, as viroses est?o entre os principais problemas fitossanit?rios que afetam esp?cies desta fam?lia, causando redu??o na qualidade dos frutos e perda significativa na produ??o. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter e avaliar gen?tipos de mel?o quanto ?s caracter?sticas resist?ncia a viroses, mas com ?nfase no Amarel?o do meloeiro (MYaV), capacidade produtiva e qualidade de fruto. No segundo semestre de 2014, foram conduzidos dois experimentos no Campo Experimental de Bebedouro da Embrapa Semi?rido, localizado no munic?pio de Petrolina-PE, sob o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, assim constitu?dos: Experimento I, tr?s repeti??es e 24 tratamentos; Experimento II, seis repeti??es e sete tratamentos. Em 2015, foi conduzido o Experimento III, com tr?s repeti??es e 21 tratamentos. Adotou-se o espa?amento 2,0 m x 0,5 m (Experimento I e II) e 2,0 m x 0,3 m (Experimento III). O semeio foi em bandeja de poliestireno, contendo substrato comercial, mantidos em casa de vegeta??o at? o surgimento da primeira folha definitiva, quando foi realizado o transplantio. Avaliou-se a incid?ncia e a severidade do amarel?o (AMA), com uma escala de nota de 0 a 4 (onde, 0= aus?ncia de sintomas visuais; 4= amarelecimento acentuado em 75 a 100% da ?rea foliar). No Experimento III (2015), tamb?m foram determinados a clorofila total e foi realizada a identifica??o sorol?gica de Melon yellowing associated virus (MYaV), por DAS-Elisa, Papaya ringspot virus ? type Watermelon (PRSV-W), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) e Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), por dot ? Elisa. Ap?s a colheita, os frutos foram avaliados quanto ? massa do fruto (MF); comprimento do fruto (CF); di?metro do fruto (DF); rela??o de forma (RF); espessura da polpa (EP) e s?lidos sol?veis. Apresentaram as menores m?dias para severidade de amarel?o o gen?tipo da Linhagem 5, os derivados da Linhagem 1 (Experimento I), BGMEL 160 (Experimento II) e BGMEL 109 (Experimento II e III). Entre os gen?tipos avaliados, h? diferen?as quanto ? rea??o ao MYaV, variando de altamente resistente a altamente suscet?vel. ? poss?vel selecionar gen?tipos que com resist?ncia a esse v?rus em BGMEL 109, na Linhagem Gold F2, em BGMEL 001, na Linhagem 8 e na Linhagem 1. A maioria dos gen?tipos avaliados ? do grupo inodorus, do tipo Amarelo, com casca amarela, intensidade m?dia e escura. O v?rus encontrado como maior frequ?ncia foi o MYaV, o que justifica a preocupa??o do setor produtivo com este v?rus. A severidade do amarel?o est? correlacionada negativamente com a clorofila total das folhas. Para o programa de melhoramento, a escala de notas adotada no presente trabalho baseada nos sintomas, associada ?s medidas de clorofila total e ? avalia??o sorol?gica, s?o ferramentas eficientes para descriminar gen?tipos resistentes e suscet?veis, tornando poss?vel avan?ar no programa de melhoramento visando ? resist?ncia ao MYaV.

The theme of this diploma thesis is school life in Subcarpathian Ruthenia between 1918-1945. The thesis tries to provide an overview of the development of education from the times of Austro-Hungarian Monarchy to Soviet Ukraine with a focus on the period of Czechoslovak government. In addition to the chapters on teachers, the language of instruction, teaching methodology, textbooks and teaching aids, there is also a chapter dedicated to the unique somatological research of school children. The work is based on archival materials supplemented by personal stories of witnesses. Its goal is to describe the normal school life in Subcarpathian Ruthenia, especially during the First Republic, from the point of view of pupils, students and teachers. Keywords: education, Subcarpathian Ruthenia, everyday life, Rusyns, memories, somatological research, teachers, Czechoslovak republic

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:50:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 418471.pdf: 941887 bytes, checksum: 83e65c46f62b9cf566ee10180ce3d11c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-19 / O receptor B₁ para as cininas est? normalmente ausente durante condi??es fisiol?gicas podendo ser rapidamente induzido em resposta a diversos est?mulos, como os processos infecciosos. Apesar disso, n?o existem estudos indicando como o LPS de Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg-LPS), um ativador preferencial de TLR2, pode induzir a express?o do receptor B₁. No presente trabalho, foi demonstrado que a inje??o do Pg-LPS na pata de rato resulta na indu??o funcional tempo-dependente dos receptores B₁ (determinada pelo aumento marcante na resposta edematog?nica), que foi precedida pelo r?pido aumento na express?o do seu RNAm. A administra??o local de Pg-LPS produziu um aumento marcante na produ??o da citocina pr?-inflamat?ria TNF-G e do influxo de neutr?filos. Ambos os eventos foram observados anteriormente ? indu??o dos receptores B₁. A indu??o funcional e molecular do receptor B₁ pelo Pg-LPS foi reduzida significantemente pelo glicocortic?ide dexametasona e pelo anticorpo monoclonal anti- TNF-G infliximab. De grande relev?ncia, foi demonstrado pela primeira vez, que uma ?nica administra??o de Resolvina E1, um mediador lip?dico pr?-resolu??o da inflama??o, foi capaz de produzir uma redu??o marcante na express?o dos receptores B₁ mediada pelo Pg-LPS, provavelmente inibindo produ??o de TNF-G e a migra??o de neutr?filos para o s?tio inflamat?rio. Analisados em conjunto, os dados obtidos permitem inferir que a ativa??o do TLR2 pelo Pg-LPS ? capaz de induzir a express?o dos receptores B₁, atrav?s de mecanismos relacionados ? produ??o de TNF-G e ao influxo de neutr?filos, que s?o sens?veis a Resolvina E1. Assim, ? poss?vel sugerir que os receptores B₁ representam uma via importante nas respostas inflamat?rias desencadeadas pela P. gingivalis e seus fatores de virul?ncia.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:21:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 411147.pdf: 1755753 bytes, checksum: fbd4980e52c1759653a40bf9d2f0d053 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-05 / Os pacientes soroposivitivos para o HIV/Aids e a epidemia da Aids t?m se tornado objeto de interesse por parte dos profissionais de sa?de mental pela dimens?o do impacto psicol?gico do diagn?stico, evolu??o da infec??o e a vulnerabilidade (social e emocional) destes sujeitos. Com o intuito de explorar este tema, foram elaborados para esta disserta??o dois estudos. O primeiro se refere a uma revis?o bibliogr?fica sobre a constru??o de aspectos que fundamentam a presente pesquisa. Esse se intitula: "Psicologia da Sa?de e Suporte Social em Pacientes com doen?a Cr?nica: HIV/Aids". O segundo referente ao cap?tulo emp?rico, intitula-se: "Rela??o entre sintomas de Depress?o, Suporte Social, Qualidade de Vida e Ades?o em pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS". No capitulo de revis?o bibliogr?fica, buscou-se abordar a aplicabilidade da Psicologia da Sa?de em pacientes com doen?a cr?nica, V?rus da Imunodefici?ncia Humana (HIV) e a S?ndrome de Imunodefici?ncia Adquirida (AIDS). Al?m desta discuss?o, procuramos lan?ar uma reflex?o do impacto do suporte social percebido na ades?o ao tratamento de pessoas portadoras do HIV/Aids. A ?nfase dada foi aos aspectos saud?veis do desenvolvimento humano, como suporte social, que contribuem para o processo de resili?ncia do indiv?duo no contexto de sa?de, bem como na ades?o e qualidade de vida deste individuo. O artigo emp?rico apresentou resultados e discuss?o a partir do objetivo de avaliar sintomas de depress?o, suporte social, ades?o ao tratamento e qualidade de vida. Al?m disso, buscou-se investigar a rela??o correlacional destas vari?veis com os marcadores biol?gicos (CD4+ e carga viral) em 63 pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids. O estudo foi desenvolvido em um servi?o de sa?de da rede p?blica de e em uma Organiza??o N?o-governamental ambos em Porto Alegre, RS. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta foram: Ficha de dados sociodemograficos e situa??o clinica; Instrumento de Avalia??o da Qualidade de Vida da Organiza??o Mundial de Sa?de (WHOQOL-HIV Bref), CEAT-VIH - Question?rio de avalia??o da ades?o ao tratamento anti-retroviral, Inventario Depress?o de Beck e Escala de Suporte Social para Pessoas Vivendo com HIV/Aids. Para analisar a rela??o entre os aspectos psicossociais e marcadores biol?gicos, os sintomas de depress?o, suporte social, ades?o e qualidade de vida utilizou-se a correla??o de Pearson. Para avaliar diferen?as entre grupos, foi utilizada a t?cnica de an?lise de vari?ncia (ANOVA). Os resultados apontam que n?o foi houve associa??o significativa entre marcadores biol?gicos, dados sociodemogr?ficos e sintomas de depress?o, suporte social, qualidade de vida e grau de ades?o. Existe correla??o positiva entre suporte social, ades?o e qualidade de vida. Os dados obtidos com este estudo revelam que o suporte social tende a contribuir no processo de resili?ncia da pessoa que vive com HIV/Aids, promovendo maior qualidade de vida, podendo assim ser considerado um fator de prote??o ? sa?de

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:57:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gislanne Brito Barros.pdf: 2326172 bytes, checksum: 73f275a11542cb2e428f8d2e36262f20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Several diseases caused by different pathogen species can affect the cowpea culture, causing considerable reduction in its productive potential. Among the diseases of large occurrence are the viral illnesses. The viruses caused by the families Comoviridae and Potyviridae, represented by the species Cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) and Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) respectively, are considered of great importance. Considering the efficiency of the genetic resistance in the control of these diseases, this work was carried out aiming at the obtenttion and characterization cowpea plants with resistance to viruses CPSMV and CABMV, in order to obtain new and essentially derived cultivars. Eight crosses were performed using the line TE 97-309G-9 and the cultivar Patativa as parental donors of resistance to CPSMV and CABMV, and cultivars BR3-Tracuateua, BRS-Urubuquara, BRS-Novaera, BRS-Guariba and the landrace Pretinho as recurrent parents. The isolated virus used in the inoculation of F2 and F2RC1 plants were collected in Embrapa Meio-Norte experimental field, and maintained in differential lines. The purity of the isolated was evaluated and confirmed in the Laboratory of Fitovirologia, of Biological Institute, in S?o Paulo. Biparental crosses and triple were made to obtain F1 generations, and then submitted to self pollinated to develop F2 seeds. These F2 plants were inoculated with the mixture of the viruses CPSMV (sorotype I and II) and CABMV. Afterward, the resistant F2 plants were backcrossed with the respective recurrent parent to obtain F1RC1 seeds. The plants of F1RC1 generation were self pollinated to develop F2RC1 seeds. The F2RC1 plants were also inoculated with the same mixture of the viruses, as previously mentioned, and resistant plants were characterized. The following characters were used: number of days to the first flower; pod length; number of seeds per pod; weight of 100 seeds; seed color; and seed yield per plant. The segregation of the F2 generation of biparental crosses and triple and the F2RC1 were analyzed to check the expected frequency of 15 susceptible plants: 1 resistant plant by the ?2 (Qui square) test. All the F2 biparental crosses and F2RC1 backcrosses were adjusted to the expected frequency of 15:1. The characters evaluated in parents and F2RC1 were submitted to statistical analysis. The averages of the resistant plants F2RC1 in each backcross were compared with the average of respective recurrent parent by the t-test and the averages within crosses were compared by the Scott-Knott test. The existence of great genetic variability within and among backcrosses were detected based on all characters. It can be concluded by this study that all backcrosses are promising for obtaining essentially derived cultivars resistant to the viruses CPSMV and CABMV and that the backcrosses who obtained as recurrent parents cultivars BRS-Urubuquara and BRS Novaera are very promising for obtaining new cultivars with multiple resistance to the viruses CPSMV and CABMV. / Diversas doen?as causadas por diferentes esp?cies de pat?genos podem afetar a cultura do feij?o-caupi, promovendo redu??o consider?vel do seu potencial produtivo. Dentre as doen?as de larga ocorr?ncia se destacam as viroses, merecendo maior ?nfase as causadas pelos v?rus das fam?lias Comoviridae e Potyviridae, com as esp?cies Cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) e Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), respectivamente. Considerando a efici?ncia da resist?ncia gen?tica no controle dessas doen?as, esse trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de obten??o e caracteriza??o de plantas de feij?o-caupi com resist?ncia aos v?rus CPSMV e CABMV, visando o desenvolvimento de cultivares essencialmente derivadas e de novas cultivares. Foram realizados oito cruzamentos utilizando a linhagem TE 97-309G-9 e a cultivar Patativa como parentais doadores dos genes de resist?ncia aos v?rus CPSMV e CABMV, e as cultivares BR3-Tracuateua, BRSUrubuquara, BRS-Novaera, BRS-Guariba e a cultivar local Pretinho como parentais recorrentes. Os isolados virais usados nas inocula??es das plantas das gera??o F2 e F2RC1 foram coletados no campo experimental da Embrapa Meio-Norte, e mantidos em linhagens diferenciadoras. A pureza dos isolados foi avaliada e confirmada no laborat?rio de Fitovirologia, do Instituto Biol?gico, em S?o Paulo. Cruzamentos biparentais e cruzamento triplo foram realizados para a obten??o da gera??o F1 e submetidos ? autofecunda??o para a obten??o de sementes F2. As plantas da gera??o F2 foram inoculadas com a mistura dos v?rus CPSMV (sorotipos I e II) e CABMV. Em seguida, as plantas F2 resistentes foram retrocruzadas com o respectivo parental recorrente para a obten??o de sementes F1RC1. As plantas da gera??o F1RC1 foram autofecundadas para a obten??o de sementes F2RC1. As plantas F2RC1 foram tamb?m inoculadas com a mistura dos v?rus, como mencionado anteriormente e as resistentes foram caracterizadas. Foram avaliados os seguintes caracteres: n?mero de dias para o in?cio da flora??o; comprimento da vagem; n?mero de gr?os por vagem; peso de cem gr?os; produ??o de gr?os por planta. As segrega??es das gera??es F2 dos cruzamentos biparentais e cruzamento triplo e F2RC1 foram analisadas pelo teste ?2 (Qui-Quadrado) para verificar a freq??ncia esperada de 15 plantas suscet?veis: 1 planta resistente. Todas as F2 dos cruzamentos biparentais e cruzamento triplo e F2RC1 ajustaram-se a freq??ncia esperada de 15:1. Os caracteres avaliados nos parentais e nas gera??es F2RC1 foram submetidos a an?lise estat?stica. As m?dias das plantas F2RC1 resistentes, de cada retrocruzamento, foram comparadas com a m?dia do seu respectivo parental recorrente pelo teste t e as m?dias dos retrocruzamentos foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott. Foi detectada grande variabilidade gen?tica entre e dentro os retrocruzamentos para todos os caracteres. Pode-se concluir com base nos resultados que todos os retrocruzamentos s?o promissores para obten??o de cultivares essencialmente derivadas resistentes aos v?rus CPSMV e CABMV e que os retrocruzamentos que obtiveram como parentais recorrentes as cultivares BRS-Urubuquara e BRS Novaera s?o muito promissores para a obten??o de novas cultivares com resist?ncia aos v?rus CPSMV e CABMV.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:17:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Nadia Rossi de Almeida.pdf: 1219567 bytes, checksum: 83793b5f3d79ab19c2fe40b41ba26f70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-05 / The present study had the aim to make a survey of the Feline Leukemia Virus infection in domestic cats of Rio de Janeiro city and Baixada Fluminense region and to analyze risk factors involved in this infection. For this purpose, peripheral blood smears of 1094 cats had been submitted to indirect immunofluorescence for viral antigen detection and data relative to the animals surveyed, such as sex, age, race, access to the street, sexual life, housing, number of contactants and symptoms and/or clinical signals had been registered in individual files. Among the analyzed samples, 11,52% were positive for the test, corresponding to 11,49% of the animals collected at the Rio de Janeiro city and 11,62% of the collected samples at Baixada Fluminense region. The qui-square test was used for the descriptive analysis of all the selected variables, where only the significant variable had been included in multivariate analysis, by logistic regression. In accordance to these analysis, the access to the street, the age range between 1 and 5 years old and the cohabitation with too much cats in groups among 6 to15 cats and above of 15 cats had been considered risk factors for FeLV infection. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar a ocorr?ncia da infec??o pelo V?rus da Leucemia Felina (FeLV) em gatos dom?sticos do munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro e Baixada Fluminense e tamb?m analisar fatores de risco envolvidos na infec??o por este retrov?rus. Para esta finalidade, esfrega?os de sangue perif?rico de 1.094 gatos foram submetidos ao teste de imunofluoresc?ncia indireta para pesquisa de ant?geno viral e os dados relativos aos animais, tais como o sexo, idade, ra?a, acesso ? rua, vida sexual, moradia, n?mero de contactantes e sintomas e/ou sinais cl?nicos foram registrados em fichas individuais. Do total de amostras analisadas, 11,52% apresentaram positividade para o teste, correspondendo a 11,49% de ocorr?ncia da infec??o em animais do munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro e 11,62% da Baixada Fluminense. O teste de qui-quadrado foi utilizado para a an?lise descritiva de todas as vari?veis levantadas, onde apenas as vari?veis que apresentaram signific?ncia foram inclu?das na an?lise multivariada, atrav?s da regress?o log?stica. De acordo com estas an?lises, o acesso ? rua, a faixa et?ria entre 1 e 5 anos de idade e a conviv?ncia com demais gatos na faixa entre 6 e 15 gatos e acima de 15 gatos foram fatores de risco para a infec??o pelo FeLV.

Submitted by PPG Pediatria e Sa?de da Crian?a (pediatria-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-08-30T19:28:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Final Gabriela Fabiano de Souza.pdf: 1295606 bytes, checksum: 81a673082dab9c871a133af1f8517135 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-09-03T12:11:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Final Gabriela Fabiano de Souza.pdf: 1295606 bytes, checksum: 81a673082dab9c871a133af1f8517135 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-03T12:19:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Final Gabriela Fabiano de Souza.pdf: 1295606 bytes, checksum: 81a673082dab9c871a133af1f8517135 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-19 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of infection in children up to five years of age. Reinfection is very common among patients, causing symptoms such as cold or allergy. However, in children, immunosuppressed patients and elderly infection is exacerbated leading to hospitalization and in some case, even death. The number of hospitalizations each year is alarming, even more so because up to now there is still no vaccine for RSV. Tissue damage in the lung caused by RSV leads to an immune response, where infected cells signal activation of signaling pathways, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and massive production of inflammatory mediators. Among this production is the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, which has been shown to play an important role in the immune response. Knowing this importance, we evaluated MIF expression macrophages from BALB/c mice. The cells were infected with different concentrations of RSV and analyzed by western blot, real-time PCR and Cytometric Bead Array (CBA). After confirmation of MIF expression by the infection, different inhibitors of signaling pathways and ROS were used to evaluate its importance for the expression of MIF. From the results obtained, we showed the dependence of ROS, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), COX, PI3K and partially of P38 MAPK, for MIF expression, besides the need for viral activity. MIF was shown to be important for the release of cytokines such as TNF?, MCP-1 and IL-10. Based on this information MIF may play an important role in the exacerbation of infection, so it was extremely important to explore mechanisms involved in the expression of MIF in relation to RSV. / O V?rus sincicial respirat?rio (VSR) ? a maior causa de infec??o em crian?as at? os cinco anos de idade. A reinfec??o ? muito comum entre os pacientes, causando sintomas como de uma gripe ou alergia, no entanto, em crian?as, pacientes imunossuprimidos e idosos a infec??o ? muito mais exacerbada, o que acaba levando a necessidade de interna??o, podendo levar o paciente a ?bito. O n?mero de interna??es a cada ano ? alarmante, ainda mais que at? os dias atuais ainda n?o se tem uma vacina para o VSR. O dano tecidual no pulm?o, causado por VSR leva a uma resposta imune, onde c?lulas infectadas sinalizam para que ocorra a ativa??o de vias de sinaliza??o, produ??o de esp?cies reativas de oxig?nio (EROs) e tamb?m uma produ??o massiva de mediadores inflamat?rios. Dentre essa produ??o, est? o fator inibidor de migra??o de macr?fagos (MIF), que ? uma citocina pr?-inflamat?ria, que tem demonstrado um importante papel na resposta imune. Sabendo dessa import?ncia, avaliamos a express?o de MIF em macr?fagos de camundongos BALB/c. As c?lulas foram infectadas com diferentes concentra??es de VSR e analisadas por western blot, PCR em tempo real e Cytometric Bead Array (CBA). Ap?s a confirma??o da express?o de MIF pela infec??o, foram utilizados diferentes inibidores de vias de sinaliza??o e de EROs, para que fosse poss?vel avaliar sua import?ncia para a express?o de MIF. A partir dos resultados obtidos mostramos a depend?ncia de EROS, 5-lipoxigenase (5-LOX), COX, PI3K e parcialmente de P38 MAPK, para a express?o de MIF, al?m da necessidade de atividade viral. MIF se mostrou importante para a libera??o de citocinas como TNF ?, MCP-1 e IL-10. Baseado nessas informa??es MIF pode desempenhar um papel importante na exacerba??o da infec??o, sendo assim, foi de extrema import?ncia explorar mecanismos envolvidos na express?o de MIF em rela??o ao VSR.

Submitted by Verena Bastos (verena@uefs.br) on 2015-09-21T13:18:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO FINAL ALINE THOMAZ.pdf: 1680438 bytes, checksum: 85bf2d7886a394df745618b6fd50d435 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-21T13:18:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO FINAL ALINE THOMAZ.pdf: 1680438 bytes, checksum: 85bf2d7886a394df745618b6fd50d435 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a cytoplasmic transcription factor and when activated by its ligand, translocates to the nucleus and interacts with DNA in the promoter regions with which has affinity, acting as a modulator of gene transcription and thereby producing multiple biological effects. Its main activities are the regulation and maintenance of plasma levels of calcium and phosphorus, as well as presenting immunomodulatory activities, such as the suppression of T cell activation, formation of secretion patterns of cytokines, modulation of proliferation and interference in the apoptosis. So this receptor is an important target for drugs that can help in the discovery of new immunomodulators. The present work had the objective to produce the recombinant vitamin D receptor in its soluble form for conducting future assays of drug screening of potential immunomodulators and drug-receptor interaction studies. For this, we used initially Escherichia coli expression system transformed with the plasmid HS_VDR_EC1-PQE T7, but it was only possible to obtain the protein in the insoluble fraction, even varying the temperature, time of induction and IPTG concentration. In an attempt to obtain soluble VDR, we used a eukaryotic expression system in insect cells using the baculovirus as a vector. It was built a vector, pFASTBacHT_VDR, which had the sequence of this protein cloned from pCMX.VDR. From there, it was possible to obtain recombinant bacmids used in transfection of insect cells, generating recombinant baculovirus, to then proceed with the expression of VDR. / O receptor de vitamina D (VDR) ? um fator de transcri??o g?nica citoplasm?tico e, quando ativado pelo seu ligante, transloca-se para o n?cleo e interage com regi?es promotoras no DNA com a qual apresenta afinidade, atuando como fator modulador da transcri??o g?nica e assim produzindo m?ltiplos efeitos biol?gicos. Suas principais atividades s?o a regula??o e a manuten??o dos n?veis plasm?ticos de c?lcio e f?sforo, e apresenta atividades imunomoduladoras, como a supress?o da ativa??o de c?lulas T, forma??o de padr?es de secre??o de citocinas, a modula??o da prolifera??o e interfer?ncia na apoptose. Sendo assim, esse receptor representa um importante alvo de drogas que pode contribuir na descoberta de novos f?rmacos com a??o imunomoduladora. O presente trabalho teve, como objetivo, produzir o VDR recombinante na forma sol?vel para a realiza??o de futuros ensaios de triagem de potenciais drogas com a??o imunomoduladora e estudos de intera??o droga-receptor. Para isso, foi utilizado, inicialmente, o sistema de express?o em Escherichia coli, utilizando o plasm?deo HS_VDR_EC1-PQE T7, por?m s? foi poss?vel obter a prote?na na fra??o insol?vel, mesmo variando a temperatura, o tempo de indu??o e a concentra??o de IPTG. Na tentativa de obter o VDR sol?vel, foi utilizado um sistema de express?o eucari?tico em c?lulas de inseto, utilizando como vetor o baculov?rus. Foi constru?do um vetor pFASTBacHT_VDR, o qual teve a sequ?ncia desta prote?na clonada a partir do pCMX.VDR. A partir da?, foi poss?vel obter bacm?deos recombinantes, utilizados na transfec??o de c?lulas de inseto, gerando baculov?rus recombinantes, para, ent?o, seguir com a express?o do VDR.

This is a study of martial material culture in the context of the Viking Age warrior of Birka, Sweden. The aim is to establish the role, function and affiliation of the Birka warrior and thereby place Birka on the power-political map of the 10th century. The study is based on the excavations of the fortified structures, particularly the Garrison, at the trading post of Birka as well as the extensive remains of material culture deriving from these investigations. A starting hypothesis is that an analysis of material culture constitutes a way of mapping social structures and that style and iconography reflect cultural groups, contacts and loyalties. Based on the case studies of six papers, the synthesis deals with questions of the work and world view of the warriors, as too their relation to their contemporary counterparts in eastern and western Europe. Questions are raised concerning the value and function of symbols in a martial context where material culture reflects rank, status and office. In defining the Birka warrior’s particular stylistic expression, a tool is created and used in the search for contacts and affiliations reflected through the distribution patterns. The results show close contacts with the eastern trading posts located on the rivers Volga and Dnjepr in Ancient Russia. It is stated that these Rus’ trading posts, essentially inhabited by Northmen, shared a common cultural expression that was maintained throughout a vast area by exceptionally close contacts. It is suggested that a particular stylistic expression developed in these Rus’ trading places containing elements of mainly Scandinavian, Steppe nomadic and Byzantine origin. In conclusion, the results of this thesis show that the warriors from Birka’s Garrison had a share in the martial development of contemporary Europe but with their own particular traits. Close relations with the eastern trade route and contact with the powerful Byzantine Empire were enjoyed. As a pointer for future research, it is wondered what organisational form the close-knit structure of the Rus’ trading posts actually took, keeping the subsequent guilds of medieval Europe in mind. The fall of the Garrison, as of Birka, corresponds with the establishment of Christianity in the region. Such changes were not limited to Central Sweden but part of a greater process where a new political structure was developing, better anchored in local concerns.

"Are the Letters of Horace Satires?" (Hendrickson 1897: 313). In response to this question, this thesis investigates whether Horace's Sermones and Epistulae 1 all belong to the genre of satura. Ancient and modern evidence from the use of the terms Sermones, Epistulae, and satura, is surveyed, and is found to be inconclusive, but not to preclude Epist. 1 as satura. The nature of specifically Horatian satura is ascertained from the text of Serm. 1, especially Serm. 1.1 and the explicitly literary Serm. 1.4 and 1.10. The redefinition of Lucilian satura, and its political implications are also considered. To confirm Epist. 1 as satura a sequential reading of the three libelli is undertaken, tracing the evolution of the theme of locus: place, both as geographical location, and as status, place in the social hierarchy, in the context of the socio-political environment of the time of composition. Serm. 1.1 as a programmatic poem is shown to establish Epicurean moderation as a prerequisite for a vita beata. In Serm. 1 Horace's status as client-poet of Maecenas and Octavian initially permits this ideal lifestyle in the Urbs. The misperceptions of outsiders lead to a preference for a life of Epicurean quietude in the rus in Serm. 2, although Horace's aequanimitas is disturbed by urban officia, and abuse of libertas dicendi associated particularly with Stoicism. The ideal of rural withdrawal is reinforced in Epist. 1 through an exploration of appropriate behaviour in relationships with potentes amici. Horace's addressees cover the entire range of the social hierarchy, and in his letters he utilizes the arguments of moral philosophy, thus reconciling poetry and philosophy. He achieves a pragmatic compromise whereby he can enjoy libertas in his role as a poet, while acknowledging that personal libertas and true aequanimitas are still to be attained.