No description available.

The Communist Party's control of Soviet literature gradually evolved from the 1920s and reached its height in the 1940s. The amount of control exerted over Soviet literature reflected the strengthening power of the Communist Party. Sources used in this thesis include speeches, articles, and resolutions of leaders in the Communist Party, novels produced by Soviet authors from the 1920s through the 1940s, and analyses of leading critics of Soviet literature and Soviet history. The thesis is structured around the political and literary developments during the periods of 1917-1924, 1924-1932, 1932-1941, and 1946-1949. The conclusion is that the Communist Party seized control of Soviet literature to disseminate Party policy, minimize dissent, and produce propaganda, not to provide an outlet for creative talent.

The tradition of civic poetry occupies a unique place in the history of Russian literature. The civic poet (grazhdanskii poet) characteristically addresses socio-political issues and injustices relevant to the era in opposition to the established authority. This often comes out of a sense of responsibility to the nation. During the Thaw period (1953-63), an interval of relative artistic freedom that followed decades of severe artistic control, Y. Yevtushenko (1932- ) was among the first poets who dared to speak critically about the social and political injustices that occurred during Stalin’s dictatorship. At that time, his civic-oriented poetry focused primarily on the reassessment of historical, social, and political values in the post-Stalin era. The aim of the present study is to evaluate Yevtushenko’s position within the tradition of civic poets and to illustrate his stylistic ability to combine lyrical intimacy and autobiographic experiences with national and international issues in the genre of civic poetry. I approach the subject using a methodology of close examination: a formal and structural analysis of select poems in the original Russian. In addition, relevant social, political, and historical conditions are taken into account, as well as Mayakovsky’s influence on Yevtushenko’s poetry. This research offers a definition of the term “civic poet” and supplies a historical survey of civic poetry that dates back to the satires of the eighteenth century. I specifically refer to the Russian icons of this genre: G. Derzhavin, A. Pushkin, K. Ryleev, M. Lermontov, N. Nekrasov, and V. Mayakovsky. I start my evaluation of Yevtushenko as a civic poet by examining his narrative poem, Stantsiia Zima (1956), and proceed with a detailed analysis of his most important political poems of the Thaw period: “Babii Yar” (1961) and “Nasledniki Stalina” (Heirs of Stalin, 1962). In addition, I assess Yevtushenko’s political and cultural acts throughout his career. Finally, I further analyze select poems by Yevtushenko that were published from 1990 to 2005, to offer a new and more complete view of Yevtushenko’s place in the canon of Russian civic poets.

The tradition of civic poetry occupies a unique place in the history of Russian literature. The civic poet (grazhdanskii poet) characteristically addresses socio-political issues and injustices relevant to the era in opposition to the established authority. This often comes out of a sense of responsibility to the nation. During the Thaw period (1953-63), an interval of relative artistic freedom that followed decades of severe artistic control, Y. Yevtushenko (1932- ) was among the first poets who dared to speak critically about the social and political injustices that occurred during Stalin’s dictatorship. At that time, his civic-oriented poetry focused primarily on the reassessment of historical, social, and political values in the post-Stalin era. The aim of the present study is to evaluate Yevtushenko’s position within the tradition of civic poets and to illustrate his stylistic ability to combine lyrical intimacy and autobiographic experiences with national and international issues in the genre of civic poetry. I approach the subject using a methodology of close examination: a formal and structural analysis of select poems in the original Russian. In addition, relevant social, political, and historical conditions are taken into account, as well as Mayakovsky’s influence on Yevtushenko’s poetry. This research offers a definition of the term “civic poet” and supplies a historical survey of civic poetry that dates back to the satires of the eighteenth century. I specifically refer to the Russian icons of this genre: G. Derzhavin, A. Pushkin, K. Ryleev, M. Lermontov, N. Nekrasov, and V. Mayakovsky. I start my evaluation of Yevtushenko as a civic poet by examining his narrative poem, Stantsiia Zima (1956), and proceed with a detailed analysis of his most important political poems of the Thaw period: “Babii Yar” (1961) and “Nasledniki Stalina” (Heirs of Stalin, 1962). In addition, I assess Yevtushenko’s political and cultural acts throughout his career. Finally, I further analyze select poems by Yevtushenko that were published from 1990 to 2005, to offer a new and more complete view of Yevtushenko’s place in the canon of Russian civic poets.

Nosso projeto consiste na discussão sobre a literatura e cultura contemporânea na Rússia, especialmente a questão do Pós-modernismo, por um recorte específico: a análise das obras ganhadoras do concurso Russian Booker Prize com enfoque no processo de classificação adotado pelos júris , bem como um apanhado geral da premiação na Rússia. Para tal, analisaremos, em um primeiro momento, os pensadores e críticos mais representativos dessa prosa alternativa ou pós-moderna, sempre com um embasamento histórico. Entender o indivíduo pós-soviético será de fundamental importância para lidar com os temas e personagens dos romances vencedores. Em um segundo momento, nosso trabalho será o de investigar os critérios utilizados pela banca, a fim de tentar encontrar (se houver) algum ponto comum entre algumas das obras ganhadoras. Pensar em tais pontos será de suma importância para compreender os sistemas de valores dos críticos envolvidos nesse processo de premiação, além de colaborar para o enriquecimento de uma nova abordagem analítica da nova literatura russa e de alguns de seus nomes mais prolíficos. / Our project consists in the discussion of contemporary literature and culture in Russia, especially the question of post-modernism, by a specific focus: the analysis of the winning works of the Russian Booker Prize contest focusing on the process of classification adopted by the judges as well as a overview of the awards in Russia. To this end, we will analyze, at first, critical thinkers and most representative of this \"prose alternative\" or post-modern, always with a historical foundation. Understanding the individual post-Soviet is of fundamental importance to deal with the issues and characters of novels winners. In a second step, our work is to investigate the criteria used by banks in order to try to find (if any) a common point among some of the winning works. Think about these points will be extremely important to understand the value systems of the critics involved in the awards process, and contribute to the enrichment of a new analytical approach of the new Russian literature and some of its most prolific names.

Nosso projeto consiste na discussão sobre a literatura e cultura contemporânea na Rússia, especialmente a questão do Pós-modernismo, por um recorte específico: a análise das obras ganhadoras do concurso Russian Booker Prize com enfoque no processo de classificação adotado pelos júris , bem como um apanhado geral da premiação na Rússia. Para tal, analisaremos, em um primeiro momento, os pensadores e críticos mais representativos dessa prosa alternativa ou pós-moderna, sempre com um embasamento histórico. Entender o indivíduo pós-soviético será de fundamental importância para lidar com os temas e personagens dos romances vencedores. Em um segundo momento, nosso trabalho será o de investigar os critérios utilizados pela banca, a fim de tentar encontrar (se houver) algum ponto comum entre algumas das obras ganhadoras. Pensar em tais pontos será de suma importância para compreender os sistemas de valores dos críticos envolvidos nesse processo de premiação, além de colaborar para o enriquecimento de uma nova abordagem analítica da nova literatura russa e de alguns de seus nomes mais prolíficos. / Our project consists in the discussion of contemporary literature and culture in Russia, especially the question of post-modernism, by a specific focus: the analysis of the winning works of the Russian Booker Prize contest focusing on the process of classification adopted by the judges as well as a overview of the awards in Russia. To this end, we will analyze, at first, critical thinkers and most representative of this \"prose alternative\" or post-modern, always with a historical foundation. Understanding the individual post-Soviet is of fundamental importance to deal with the issues and characters of novels winners. In a second step, our work is to investigate the criteria used by banks in order to try to find (if any) a common point among some of the winning works. Think about these points will be extremely important to understand the value systems of the critics involved in the awards process, and contribute to the enrichment of a new analytical approach of the new Russian literature and some of its most prolific names.

No description available.

ТITLE The Concept of Childhood in Fyodor Sologub's prose ABSTRACT: This Master thesis deals with the topic of childhood in prose works of the Russian writer, novelist and teacher Fyodor Sologub. The research presents his biography, traces the development of his personality, as well as his perception of the world and interests. It focuses on the events, which determined the extent and significance of the chosen topic for Sologub. There are also revealed lesser known facts of his childhood that influenced his choice of the topics and its embodiment in his literary works. The writer's biography is complemented by the views of critics and contemporaries who studied his works and shaped public opinion. The main topics of the analysis are: dualistic vision of the world, children's death, faith in God, children's patriotism. The ideal world of children is presented in the novel The Created Legend. The thesis also reveals the popularity of the topic of childhood in other 19th and 20th century writers' oeuvre in comparative analysis with Sologub's work. It also depicts the importance of two literary movements - symbolism and decadence, their representative Sologub was. The questions raised by Sologub remain relevant to the present day. KEY WORDS: Russian literature, F. Sologub, Symbolism, Decadence, Childhood

Dostoiévski, escritor russo do século XIX, compôs uma vasta obra, na qual procurou dar voz a todos os dilemas e contrastes presentes na alma humana; e conseguiu este feito sem procurar impor suas próprias verdades, sabendo que estas, em realidade, são sempre relativas. Um dos temas mais recorrentes em sua obra é a questão da loucura e do desequilíbrio, não só de seus personagens, mas também de fatos e acontecimentos, mostrando que, muitas vezes, na loucura do caos da vida, reside uma ordem e uma lógica superiores e, portanto, incompreensíveis para a mente humana, a qual acaba por considerar estes acontecimentos como fruto da insanidade. Isto despertou nosso interesse e resolvemos dedicar nosso estudo a este inquietante tema. / Dostoyevsky, Russian writer of the 19th century, accomplished a large literary output, in which he sought to give voice to all the dilemmas and contrasts existing in the human soul, and he perpetrated this deed without attempting to impose his own truths, knowing that these, in fact, are always relative. One of the most recurrent themes in his work is the issue of madness and instability, not only of his characters, but also of facts and events, showing that, oftentimes, in the madness existing in the chaos of life reside both a superior order and a superior logic and, therefore, incomprehensible to the human mind, which ends up regarding these events as a fruit of insanity. That aroused our interest and we have decided to dedicate this study to this unsettling theme.

O presente trabalho tem por objeto a análise da composição da obra Uma novela enfadonha de Antón Tchékhov. O protagonista da novela é único dentro da criação tchekhoviana. Trata-se de um cientista de renome mundial que, ao enfrentar pela primeira vez a dúvida acerca da significância de sua própria existência, tenta resolver esse problema, tão doloroso para ele próprio, por meio de reflexões lógicas registradas em seu diário. Contudo, sofre um fracasso absoluto. Redigida em primeira pessoa, nesta obra, como em toda a criação tchekhoviana, é característico um método de escrita objetivo, de tal forma que a opinião das personagens é, de fato, a opinião delas, e não representa o parecer do autor. É possível compreender a posição de Tchékhov na novela, onde não há uma única palavra direta do autor, apenas pela observação de certos sinais expressos no subtexto. A partir disso, analisamos aqueles sinais que constituem os elementos estilísticos básicos da composição partes do enredo que incluem o tempo presente e as recordações, o léxico, os temas da morte, a natureza, os animais, a música, além dos detalhes, símbolos, ritmo, a caracterização das personagens e o cronótopo. Mostramos como todos esses elementos, ao se entrelaçarem e realçarem uns aos outros, conformam o subtexto da obra, e contribuem para a realização da ideia central do autor: mostrar a situação psicológica da pessoa quando sua vida se aproxima do fim, quando é levantada a questão do sentido último e concreto da vida humana, no pano de fundo do processo histórico infinito. Além disso, examinamos a história da criação da novela, observando esse processo por meio da análise das cartas do autor. Também ponderamos os trabalhos da crítica dedicados a Uma história enfadonha em diversos momentos históricos de estudo da obra. / The purpose of this work is to study the composition of the Chekhov\'s novel \"A Dreary Story\". The main character of this novel is unique for Chekhov since he is a World known scientist. Being in doubt for the first time about the meaning of his life he is trying to resolve this painful problem with the help of logical reflections in his diary - but fails. The novel has the form of a narrative of the main character. In Chekhovs\' writings the opinion of the character never reflect the opinion of the author. Therefore, to understand the Chekhov point of view in a novel that does not contain single word directly from the author, one has to be attentive to special signs in the subtext. We analyze these signs, that are main stylistic elements of the composition such as the plot, the narrative in the present and in recollections, the lexis, the themes of death, of nature, of animals, musics, as well as the details, symbols, the rhythm, the characters and the chronotop. We show that all these factors interact and clarify each other to compose the subtext of the novel. They conspire to underline the main idea of the author to show the psychology a man when his life is coming to an end and then he is concerned with the meaning of his particular finite life at the background of an infinite historic process. Besides, we consider the history of creation of \"A Dreary Story\" by looking at the author\'s correspondence and analyzing the critics dedicated to the novel.