Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-11-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:13:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nascimento_vf_me_bauru.pdf: 2976389 bytes, checksum: e21e0a9689f0bf0fb407519966384e6e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O município de Bauru-SP, de acordo com o IBGE, possui área de 668 km2 e uma população de 346.650 habitantes em 2011. Considerando o aterro sanitário como uma saída prática para a deposição final de resíduos, de acordo com o Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (2010), e que o atual aterro de Bauru-SP encontra-se prestes a atingir sua capacidade de armazenamento, neste trabalho investigou-se a existência de possíveis áreas para a implantação de um novo aterro sanitário. A pesquisa foi feita através de técnicas de Geoprocessamento e Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), utilizando Análise Multi-Critério de Decisão para as visões Ambientais, Econômicas e Sociais, tendo estes ponderados de diferentes modos e utilizando a Análise Hierárquica de Processos - AHP. Após a etapa de estimativa do tamanho que o novo aterro deverá ter após 15 anos de funcionamento, verificou-se que área mínima necessária para a deposição de resíduos sólidos para o municipío de Bauru -SP entre os anos de 2013 a 2008 é de 0.53 km2. Vários cenários de simulaçãop foram testados, considerando todos os aspectos restritivos. Contudo, verificou-se que em Bauru não há áreas aptas para instalação do novo aterro, principalmente devido à necessidade de se respeitar faixa de segurança dos dois aeroportos: de Bauru de 13 km e de Bauru-Arealva de 20 km. Porém os demais cenários restritivos, encontram-se 4 áreas classificadas como de Muito Alta e Alta aptidão para a implantação do aterro sanitário, além de verificar quais as condições destas classes para a área contínua ao atual aterro. Porém, dependendo dos critérios restritivos utilizados, ainda há a possibilidade de encontrar um novo local. Caso a restrição seja de fato total, recomenda-se que seja... / The city of Bauru encompasses an area of 668 km2 and had 346,650 inhabitants in the year 2011. Considering the landfill as convenient way for final disposal of solid waste and that the current landfill Bauru-SP is almost reaching its storage capacity, in this paper it was investigated the existence of possible areas for the implementation of a new landfill. The research was carried out through techniques of Geoprocessing and Geographic Information System (GIS), using Multi-criteria Decision Analysis for visions Environmental, Social and Economic, which area weighted in different forms using the Analytic Hierarchy Process - AHP. After the step size, we estimule that the needed area of the new landfill after 15 years of operation. Hence, it was found that the minimum area required for solid waste disposal for the Bauru-SP among the years 2013 to 2028 is 0.53 km2. Several simulations scenarios were tested. However, if all restrictive features were effectively considered, in Bauru there is no suitable area for installation of the new landfill. The main reason is existence the buffer area of the two airports: 13 Km for Bauru aerodrome and 20 km for Bauru-Arealva airport. On the other hand, for the other restriction scenarios, four places are classified as Very High or High suitable for sitting the new landfill. We conclude that there is an immense difficulty in finding areas for implementation of the landfill in the city of Buru-SP. However, depending on the restrictive criteria there is still the possibility of finding a new location, if the restriction is actually complete, it is recommended the consideration of consortia with neighboring municipalities, or... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Alexandre Marco da Silva / Banca: Maria Isabel Sobral Escada / Banca: Rosani de Castro / Banca: Heraldo Luiz Giacheti / Resumo: O município de Bauru-SP, de acordo com o IBGE, possui área de 668 km2 e uma população de 346.650 habitantes em 2011. Considerando o aterro sanitário como uma saída prática para a deposição final de resíduos, de acordo com o Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (2010), e que o atual aterro de Bauru-SP encontra-se prestes a atingir sua capacidade de armazenamento, neste trabalho investigou-se a existência de possíveis áreas para a implantação de um novo aterro sanitário. A pesquisa foi feita através de técnicas de Geoprocessamento e Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), utilizando Análise Multi-Critério de Decisão para as visões Ambientais, Econômicas e Sociais, tendo estes ponderados de diferentes modos e utilizando a Análise Hierárquica de Processos - AHP. Após a etapa de estimativa do tamanho que o novo aterro deverá ter após 15 anos de funcionamento, verificou-se que área mínima necessária para a deposição de resíduos sólidos para o municipío de Bauru -SP entre os anos de 2013 a 2008 é de 0.53 km2. Vários cenários de simulaçãop foram testados, considerando todos os aspectos restritivos. Contudo, verificou-se que em Bauru não há áreas aptas para instalação do novo aterro, principalmente devido à necessidade de se respeitar faixa de segurança dos dois aeroportos: de Bauru de 13 km e de Bauru-Arealva de 20 km. Porém os demais cenários restritivos, encontram-se 4 áreas classificadas como de Muito Alta e Alta aptidão para a implantação do aterro sanitário, além de verificar quais as condições destas classes para a área contínua ao atual aterro. Porém, dependendo dos critérios restritivos utilizados, ainda há a possibilidade de encontrar um novo local. Caso a restrição seja de fato total, recomenda-se que seja... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The city of Bauru encompasses an area of 668 km2 and had 346,650 inhabitants in the year 2011. Considering the landfill as convenient way for final disposal of solid waste and that the current landfill Bauru-SP is almost reaching its storage capacity, in this paper it was investigated the existence of possible areas for the implementation of a new landfill. The research was carried out through techniques of Geoprocessing and Geographic Information System (GIS), using Multi-criteria Decision Analysis for visions Environmental, Social and Economic, which area weighted in different forms using the Analytic Hierarchy Process - AHP. After the step size, we estimule that the needed area of the new landfill after 15 years of operation. Hence, it was found that the minimum area required for solid waste disposal for the Bauru-SP among the years 2013 to 2028 is 0.53 km2. Several simulations scenarios were tested. However, if all restrictive features were effectively considered, in Bauru there is no suitable area for installation of the new landfill. The main reason is existence the buffer area of the two airports: 13 Km for Bauru aerodrome and 20 km for Bauru-Arealva airport. On the other hand, for the other restriction scenarios, four places are classified as Very High or High suitable for sitting the new landfill. We conclude that there is an immense difficulty in finding areas for implementation of the landfill in the city of Buru-SP. However, depending on the restrictive criteria there is still the possibility of finding a new location, if the restriction is actually complete, it is recommended the consideration of consortia with neighboring municipalities, or... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

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Orientador: Sueli Yoshinaga Pereira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T22:57:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_CileneNovaes_M.pdf: 3515371 bytes, checksum: 08b81cf474679106971dcd78fbf9d76d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Mesmo decorridas mais de duas décadas da vinculação da Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA) ao licenciamento ambiental no cenário brasileiro, é possível verificar que os resultados obtidos ainda não são totalmente conhecidos para garantir que a utilização deste instrumento é de fato eficiente e ocorre conforme o previsto nos estudos ambientais. No que se refere à aplicação da AIA para aterros sanitários as informações existentes são ainda mais escassas, necessitando portanto de estudos e avaliações. Contudo, o principal objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar se as medidas mitigadoras relacionadas ao meio fisco, formuladas nos EIAs/RIMAs de aterros sanitários situados no Estado de São Paulo estão sendo cumpridas. Para tanto, a partir de uma solicitação formal junto ao DAIA de todos os EIAs/RIMAs de aterros sanitários protocolizados de janeiro de 1987 a dezembro de 2006, selecionou-se três aterros sanitários que se encontravam em operação e cujo EIA/RIMA foi aprovado,. Dando seqüência, desenvolveu-se estudo de caso onde se verificou, através de vistorias aos aterros selecionados, o efetivo cumprimento das medidas propostas para o meio físico no EIA. Os resultados demonstraram que de um modo geral os aterros sanitários estão cumprindo as medidas mitigadoras relacionadas ao meio físico. Por outro lado, verificou-se que boa parte das medidas mitigadoras formuladas coincide com as medidas de controle intrínsecas da tecnologia de aterro sanitário, ou seja, deveriam ser implementadas independentemente da elaboração da AIA, o que remete a concluir que os estudos ainda carecem de melhores detalhamentos e integração com a área estudada. / Abstract: The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been used as a procedure for environmental licensing in Brazil for the last two decades but the results from performing such assessment are still not well known due to the lack of follow-up surveys. As a result, the EIA's efficiency is uncertain. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a methodology to evaluate its real efficiency by taking into account current performance, especially in sanitary landfill projects which have adopted EIA as the procedure. In this context, this study evaluates the mitigation measures adopted in sanitary landfill projects which have used EIA as a procedure for obtaining the environmental licensing. The research scope was based on case studies. Three sanitary landfills located in São Paulo State were selected and their mitigation measures were evaluated taking into consideration only the physical environment. The analysis results have demonstrated that in general sanitary landfills are fulfilling the mitigation measures formulated by the EIA. On the other hand, the study has verified that most of these measures were related to regular control measures of landfill operation system, which would have been implemented whether the EIA procedure been a part of the environmental licensing process or not. / Mestrado / Geologia e Recursos Naturais / Mestre em Geociências

Sempre houve uma preocupação com relação a disposição final do lixo, tanto nas grandes como nas pequenas cidades. Este trabalho consiste em analisar áreas para uma disposição adequada de aterros sanitários no Município de São Carlos. O Município de São Carlos, localizado no Estado de São Paulo, apresenta uma área de 1.151 km2 e conta com uma população de aproximadamente 180.000 habitantes. Está assentado sobre as Formações geológicas: Pirambóia, Botucatu, Serra Geral, Itaqueri, que são recobertas por materiais inconsolidados retrabalhados; o Botucatu constitui um grande manancial de águas de subsuperfície. Algumas áreas devem ser protegidas, visto que constituem zonas de recarga de aqüíferos. A metodologia Leite (1995) foi usada neste trabalho para a escolha dos atributos e análise dos resultados. Os principais atributos considerados foram: bacias hidrográficas, declividade, poços profundos, precipitação pluviométrica, substrato rochoso, mineralogia, espessura de materiais inconsolidados, landforms, distâncias do centro urbano, existência de outros aterros; esses atributos foram associados às informações geotécnicas analisadas em laboratório. Estas informações, permitiram avaliar as áreas mais favoráveis para a disposição de resíduos e a produção da Carta de Zoneamento em escala 1:50.000. / The final disposal of waste has always been a matter of trouble in big or small urban centers. This work presents the results acquired during the application of engineering geological mapping techniques in the evaluation of favorable areas for the development of waste sanitary landfills in São Carlos region. São Carlos region is located in the center State of São Paulo, Brazil, has an area of 1,151 km2 and a population 180,000. It\'s geology is characterized by the Pirambóia, Botucatu, Serra Geral and Itaqueri formations, which are covered by residual and reworked unconsolidated materiais; Botucatu represent large aquifer. The methodology from LEITE (1995) was used in this work, both for choosing the attributes or analyzing the results. The main considered attributes were the drainage basins, slope dips, rainfall, underlying rocks, thickness of unconsolidated materials, landforms, distance from the urban center and the occurrence of other landfills; these attributes were associated to laboratorial test informations. These informations, as a whole, led to an evaluation of the most favorable areas for waste disposal and the elaboration of a 1:50,000 scale zoning chart.

Um dos desafios na elaboração de projetos de aterros sanitários é o equacionamento do destino/tratamento dos líquidos percolados em função das elevadas concentrações de poluentes, associadas a grandes variações, e seu abrandamento natural ao longo do tempo. Nesse sentido, o trabalho avalia, a partir da montagem de unidade piloto, a viabilidade do lançamento dos líquidos percolados gerados no aterro de sanitário, localizado no município de Piracicaba-SP, na Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto que dispõe de sistema australiano de lagoas. A unidade foi montada na própria estação e operada durante 18 meses, sendo avaliado o comportamento da eficiência para vazões crescentes de líquidos percolados. No trabalho foi investigado também a adequação dos métodos Suíço, Racional e do Balanço Hídrico na previsão da taxa de geração de líquidos percolados, a partir da comparação das estimativas obtidas pela aplicação dos métodos com a observada na prática. De maneira geral, pode-se dizer que é viável o lançamento de chorume em estações de tratamento de esgoto, sem prejuízo na eficiência do sistema. Com relação às estimativas das vazões de chorume pela aplicação dos métodos, os erros variaram desde menos 22% até mais 20% da vazão obtida na prática. / One of the challenges in the project of sanitary landfills is the solution of the destination/treatment of leachates due to the high concentration of pollutants, which is also associated to large variations and a natural reduction with time. This work evaluates, based on a pilot unit, the feasibility of the treatment of leachates, produced in sanitary landfills, in a wastewater treatment plant that uses a system of stabilization lagoons. The pilot unit was mounted in the wastewater treatment site and operated for 18 months, in which the performance was monitored for crescent flowrates of leachates. It was also investigated the prediction of leachate flowrates by different methods (Swiss, Rational and Hydric Balance) based on the comparison of predicted leachate generation rates with observed data. In general, it is possible to perform the treatment of leachates in wastewater treatment plants because there was no reduction of efficiency. Related to the prediction of leachate volumes, the errors of the tested methods range from -22% to + 20% of the observed flowrates.

M.Sc. / The location of a solid waste landfill site is not only determined by the need of the local population of an area but also by minimum requirements imposed by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. These minimum requirements act as a method of environmental protection against pollution caused by landfill sites. The objective of this study is to explore the utilization of a geographical information system as an aid in selecting the best possible location for a new solid waste dumping site. It is possible to determine the most appropriate location for such a new waste dumping site by using the minimum requirements set forward by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry as guidelines in the site selection process. The minimum requirements can be used to eliminate all those places that do not meet the necessary requirements. The remaining areas can all be considered as potential sites and must be investigated personally by the people responsible, in the local government. A need for a regional solid waste landfill site in the area of Howick, Hilton and Mpopomeni in the KwaZulu/Natal Midlands was identified and used as the basis for this study.

A review of literature on the subject of methane exploitation from landfill is presented in conjunction with the results of experiments concerning landfill gas extraction at the Grahamstown Landfill Site. A description of the LFG extraction system and the utilisation of LFG at the Grahamstown Landfill Site is included. Data concerning LFG enhancement parameters, LFG compositions and flow rates, refuse composition, LFG modelling, LFG pumping trials and the economics of LFG extraction and utilisation are presented. The indication is that LFG can be economically extracted and utilised as a heating fuel in South Africa.

The body of work presented in this Thesis document provides a comprehensive examination of final cover design for municipal solid waste landfills. Accompanying general design principals is the investigation and resulting recommendations for issues specific to the closure of the Vancouver Landfill. The first objective of the Thesis was to develop a set of physical characteristics for soil materials, which would allow for the construction of a lowpermeability barrier layer meeting British Columbia guidelines. The second objective was to then use the developed soil criteria to evaluate the suitability of Lower Mainland soils. The physical characteristic of soil material, originating from trench excavations in Vancouver, was closely examined and the material evaluated for use in all layers of final cover design. The last objective of the Thesis was to investigate the use of alternative cover materials, including geosynthetics, in final cover design. The combination of a comprehensive literature review and the implementation of a program of soil sample collection and analysis allowed for the completion of the above objectives. Testing of soil samples included the determination of the grain size distribution to the clay fraction level. The major findings of the work are that soil sources in the City of Vancouver are not suitable for use in the construction of a low-permeability barrier layer. Suitable soil sources however, can be found in areas of Surrey and Langley. Trench excavation soil is recommended for use in the foundation layer of the final cover. Lastly, geosynthetic materials are a viable alternative to the use of soil in final cover design. A polyvinyl chloride (PVC) geomembrane would be the most suitable geosynthetic based barrier layer for the requirements of the Vancouver Landfill. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Civil Engineering, Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of copper on the treatment of an abandoned landfill leachate by a Modified Ludzack Ettinger (MLE) single-sludge, activated sludge treatment system. MLE systems are designed to accomplish nitrification and denitrification, and at least two systems were used: one to which copper was added, and one maintained as a control. The system that did not receive copper additions gave an indication of the treatability of the leachate by an MLE system. Copper was added at concentrations of 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mgCu/L in the influent and the sludge age was varied from 8 to 30 day. It was determined that copper did inhibit nitrification and denitrification. A strong linear relationship was shown to exist between the specific copper loading on the system, that is the total copper entering the system within a day divided by the total biomass within the system, and the soluble copper concentration within the system. The adsorption of copper by the activated sludge, and the resulting soluble copper concentration in the mixed liquor, could be generally described by the Freundlich Isotherm. Intermittent inhibition of nitrification unrelated to copper addition also occurred during treatment of the landfill leachate which was obtained from the abandoned Dixie Caverns Landfill near Roanoke, Virginia. The inhibiting substance was not identified during this study. It did not significantly inhibit denitrification, but did cause elevated effluent suspended solids concentrations. An additional treatment step would be needed for reliable treatment of the leachate. Copper additions caused inhibition of both nitrification and denitrification. The degree of nitrification and denitrification inhibition was a strong function of the soluble copper to ML VSS ratio in the reactors, i.e., the toxin -to -microorganism (TIM) ratio. Nitrification and denitrification appeared to be equally sensitive to copper. Both were severely inhibited at a soluble copper to ML VSS ratio of 0.001 in aerobic and anoxic reactors, respectively. Nitrosomonas species were more strongly inhibited by copper concentrations than were the Nitrobacter species. The denitrifiers appeared to be as sensitive to copper as the Nitrosomonas species. / Master of Science