Antecedentes: La osteotomía metatarsal en scarf es una de las técnicas quirúrgicas más utilizadas con resultados satisfactorios para el tratamiento de la deformidad del hallux valgus. Actualmente, la asociación entre la posición de los sesamoideos tras la osteotomía en scarf y el resultado funcional ha sido poco estudiada, así como la necesidad de realizar procedimientos adicionales sobre las partes blandas para corregir la posición de los sesamoideos. Objetivo: El objetivo principal de este estudio fue comparar el resultado funcional entre los pacientes con o sin adecuada reducción de los sesamoideos tras ser operados con la osteotomía en scarf durante 1 año de seguimiento y, secundariamente la influencia de la posición de los sesamoideos en la calidad de vida del paciente. Material y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo de cohortes longitudinal de 48 pacientes que presentaron sesamoideos corregidos versus 34 pacientes que no los presentaron. El resultado funcional fue evaluado mediante la escala AOFAS para el antepié y dedos (AOFAS Hallux MTF-IF), la calidad de vida por el cuestionario SEFAS (Self-Reported Foot and Ankle), el dolor con la Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) y el grado de satisfacción del paciente por la escala Likert. Resultados: Ambos grupos obtuvieron una mejora significativa en las variables de resultado clínico. El grupo con sesamoideos corregidos presentó una puntuación media significativamente mejor en las escalas SEFAS y EVA con una tasa de satisfacción con el resultado de la cirugía más elevada. Se observó que la posición final de los sesamoideos y el dolor residual influyeron significativamente sobre la satisfacción del paciente. Conclusiones: La osteotomía en scarf corrige la posición del primer metatarsiano, pero corrige insuficientemente la posición de los sesamoideos, teniendo una influencia negativa sobre los resultados clínicos. La posición de los sesamoideos tiene una influencia importante sobre el dolor, calidad de vida y satisfacción del paciente.

Antecedentes: Para la corrección del hallux valgus moderado o severo se han descrito numerosos procedimientos quirúrgicos, incluyendo diversos tipos de osteotomías distales del primer metatarsiano, y siendo la osteotomía en scarf una de las más frecuentemente utilizadas. Actualmente, diversos estudios han propuesto la osteotomía subcapital lineal transversal descrita por Bosch, y popularizada por Magnan utilizando cirugía percutánea, con resultados prometedores debidos a su simplicidad y menor agresión quirúrgica. Sin embargo, solo unos pocos estudios han comparado las osteotomías en scarf y de Bosch, o la variante de Magnan, con resultados controvertidos. Por otro lado, la mayoría de esos estudios solo incluyeron pacientes con deformidades leves o moderadas de hallux vagus, pero no con deformidades severas. Así, las evidencias disponibles sobre la efectividad de la osteotomía de Bosch, o su variante de Magnan, son limitadas. Objetivo: El objetivo principal de este estudio fue comparar la osteotomía distal lineal percutánea de Magnan y la osteotomía distal diafisaria en scarf respecto de la efectividad clínica para el hallux valgus moderado o severo. Material y Métodos: Estudio de casos y controles emparejados, incluyendo 102 pacientes, 51 de ellos tratados con osteotomía de Magnan y 51 con osteotomía en scarf. Los pacientes fueron evaluados clínicamente con la escala American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle (AOFAS, escala Hallux-Metatarsofalángica- Interfalángica), calidad de vida mediante la escala Self-Reported Foot and Ankle Score (SEFAS), dolor con una escala analógica visual (VAS) y la satisfacción del paciente con una escala categórica Likert. Resultados: El seguimiento postoperatorio mínimo fue de 2 años. Globalmente, los resultados clínicos y satisfacción del paciente fueron similares con ambas osteotomías, así como la tasa de complicaciones y reintervenciones. No obstante, la osteotomía en scarf proporcionaba mayores incrementos entre el preoperatorio y el final de los resultados clínicos. Comparando los resultados entre las deformidades moderadas y severas, la osteotomía en scarf proporcionaba un significativamente mejor resultado funcional en los pacientes con deformidad severa que la osteotomía de Magnan, no habiendo diferencias para las deformidades moderadas. La corrección radiológica de la deformidad era similar con ambas osteotomías, excepto que la de Bosch conducía a un mayor acortamiento del primer metatarsiano. Como era de esperar, la osteotomía de Magnan corregía mejor el ángulo de la superficie articular distal metatarsiana. El análisis multivariante mostraba que el empleo de la osteotomía en scarf era el único predictor significativo de satisfacción. Conclusión: Ambas osteotomías mostraron efectividad y seguridad para las deformidades moderadas, pero el resultado funcional era mejor con la osteotomía en scarf para las deformidades severas.

Cette thèse porte sur les mécanismes d’allocation de biens indivisibles en présence d’externalités dans les préférences individuelles. Ces externalités rendent difficile en pratique la collecte d’une information complète sur les préférences. Aussi, l’analyse normative des mécanismes d’allocation requiert de formuler des hypothèses sur la manière d’étendre l’information collectée aux préférences sur les allocations. Cette approche revient à définir des restrictions sur le domaine de préférences admissibles, une démarche bien connue de la théorie du choix social. Les trois premiers chapitres portent sur l’analyse du marché de Shapley-Scarf dans lequel les échanges sont organisés entre coalitions. Les chapitres 1 et 2 établissent des restrictions de domaine garantissant l’existence de différents types d’équilibre concurrentiel. Dans le chapitre 3, l’ensemble des biens est muni d’une géographie, ce qui permet de définir la distance entre partenaires comme source d’externalité. Nous identifions certains domaines de préférences qui assurent la non-vacuité de différents types de Coeur. Le chapitre 4 porte sur le cas de biens indivisibles publics purs. Nous montrons que le problème est formellement équivalent à celui du choix d’un comité dont les membres sont choisis dans des ensembles distincts. Nous caractérisons certains domaines de préférences sur les comités pour lesquels le choix majoritaire membre par membre est cohérent avec le choix majoritaire du comité dans son ensemble. / This thesis focuses on the allocation of indivisible goods in presence of externality in individual preferences. This externality creates a difficulty with collecting full information about preferences. Therefore, conducting a normative analysis of allocation mechanisms requires assumptions on how reported preferences can be extended to preferences over outcomes. This approach is in line with the literature on preference domain restriction well-known in Social Choice theory. The first three chapters focus on Shapley-Scarf markets where trades are organized among coalitions. Coalitional trade generates externalities in individual valuations of allocations. Chapters 1 and 2 investigate domain restrictions ensuring the existence of various types of competitive equilibrium. Chapter 3 endows the set of goods with a geographical structure and considers distance to partners as a source of externality in preference. We identify domains of preference extensions which guarantee the existence of various types of core allocations. Chapter 4 focuses the case of pure public indivisible goods, which is formally identical to choosing a committee formed by several members, each selected from a specific set. We characterize preference domains over committees for which a well-defined seat-wise choice procedure based on majority voting is consistent with choosing a committee at once from majority voting.

Denna studies syfte är att beskriva några sjalbärande kvinnors upplevelser avbemötande inom högskole/universitetsmiljö. Studien undersöker dels bemötande frånlärare och dels bemötande från studiekamrater. För att undersöka detta användskvalitativa intervjuer. Intervjuundersökningens resultat visade på att respondenterna harmycket skilda upplevelser. Några av respondenterna har mycket negativa erfarenheterav bemötande från lärare, andra framhåller att lärarna är ett stort stöd. När det gällerstudiekamrater beskriver några av intervjupersonerna att det till en början funnits enviss distans och exempel på annorlunda behandling i bemötande från dem, men att detoftast blev bättre med tiden. En respondent är idel positiv kring sina upplevelser. Istudien dras slutsatsen att det i dessa kvinnors upplevelser finns både positiva ochnegativa exempel på bemötande från andra. / This study aims to describe the experiences of social treatment of a few women, whowear a head scarf, within the college/university environment. The study examines socialtreatment from teachers as well as from fellow students. To examine this, the study usesqualitative interviews. The results of the interviews showed that the respondents havevery different experiences. A few of the respondents have very negative experiencesconcerning treatment from teachers, others describe the teachers as supportive.Concerning fellow students some of the respondents described how, in the beginning,they were treated with some distance. This however changed, in most cases, as timewent on. One respondent is undividedly positive about her experience. The studyconcludes that there are examples of both positive and negative social treatment in thewomen's experiences.

A dual-axis fluidic thrust vectoring (FTV) system is proposed where the supersonic propulsive jet of an aircraft is exhausted over a scarfed (swept), curved surface to produce flight control moments in both the pitch and yaw axes. This work contributes towards practical dual-axis FTV through expansion of fundamental curved-wall jet (CWJ) understanding, development of the novel Superimposed Characteristics technique for supersonic nozzle design, and performance evaluation of an experimental scarfed curved wall FTV configuration. Previous work has suggested that the use of a sheared exhaust velocity profile improves the attachment of supersonic jets to curved surfaces; however, evidence to support this is limited. To address this, an inviscid numerical CWJ model was developed using the two-dimensional method of characteristics. A major outcome is improved understanding of the effect of exhaust velocity profile on CWJ wave structure and subsequent jet attachment. A sheared velocity exhaust is shown to generate a wave structure that diminishes adverse streamwise pressure gradients within a supersonic curved-wall jet. This reduces the likelihood of boundary layer separation and as a result, a sheared exhaust velocity CWJ is expected to be less readily separated compared to other exhaust velocity profiles. A novel method termed Superimposed Characteristics was developed for the low-order design of supersonic nozzles with rectangular exits. The technique is capable of generating 3D nozzle geometries based on independent exit plane orientation and exhaust velocity distribution requirements. The Superimposed Characteristics method was used to design scarfed rectangular exit nozzles with sheared velocity exhaust profiles. These nozzles were then evaluated using finite volume computational methods and experimental methods. From the analysis, the Superimposed Characteristics method is shown to be valid for preliminary nozzle design. Experimental methods were used to study the on- and off-design attachment qualities of uniform and sheared velocity exhaust jets for a FTV configuration with an external curved wall termination angle of 90 degrees and scarf angle of 30 degrees. Experiments at the on-design nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) of 3.3 demonstrated pitch and yaw jet deflection angles of 78 degrees and 23 degrees respectively for the uniform exhaust velocity CWJ. The sheared exhaust velocity CWJ achieved lower pitch and yaw deflection angles of 34 degrees and 14 degrees respectively at the same on-design NPR. The lower jet deflection angles observed for sheared exhaust velocity jets is inconsistent with the CWJ model prediction of reduced adverse streamwise pressure gradients; however, there was insufficient experimental instrumentation to identify the cause. In the off-design experiments, the uniform exhaust velocity CWJ was observed to detach at an NPR of 3.6, whilst the sheared exhaust velocity CWJ remained attached at NPRs in excess of 4. The capability of sheared exhaust velocity CWJs to remain attached at higher NPRs is consistent with the analytical theory and the CWJ model predictions. An actuation study was carried out to achieve controlled jet detachment using secondary blowing injected normal to the curved wall. Full separation of the wall jets was achieved downstream of the injection point. This provided vectoring angles of more than 20 degrees in pitch and 10 degrees in yaw, exceeding expected vectoring requirements for practical aircraft control. At the on-design NPR, the uniform and sheared exhaust velocity jets required secondary blowing mass flow rates of 2.1% and 3.8% of the primary mass flow respectively to achieve full separation.

No description available.

Kan snedskarvning vara ett ekonomiskt lämpligt komplement till fingerskarvning? Kvistfritt listmaterial av furu är mycket eftertraktat inom träindustrin där fingerskarvning numera är den mest förekommande metoden. Det är viktigt att listmaterial har en hanteringsstyrka god nog för att hålla ihop vid montering eftersom konstruktionsstyrkan inte är den begränsande faktorn. Denna studie innehåller en jämförelse i draghållfasthet för lister gjorda med fingerskarv, MDF och snedskarv där det lägsta vinkelförhållandet som uppfyller kraven på skarven är sökt från 1:1 till 1:5. Tidigare tester framhåller förhållandet 1:8 när det är till för konstruktionsändamål, denna studie hävdar att 1:3 är tillräckligt för lister. / Could scarf jointing be an economical suitable complement to finger jointing? Knot-free lath material of pine wood is highly requested in the timber industry where finger jointing nowadays is a commonly used method. It is important that the lath material has a handling strength good enough to hold the assembly since structural strength is not the limited factor. This study contains a comparison of tensile strength in laths made of finger joints, MDF (Medium Density Fibreboard) and scarf joints where the lowest ratio of angular relationship that meets the demands of the scarf is searched from 1:1 to 1:5. Previous testing only holds a ratio of 1:8 for construction purposes whereas this study claims a result of 1:3 for laths.

This study addresses the concept of fair governance based on an empirical study with marginalized groups, primarily Muslims, and their interaction with government agencies as its salient locus of investigation. Employing the research method of in-depth interviewing, I present a qualitative analysis of 35 semi-structured interviews with Muslims and government administrators. The methodological framework based on which these interviews are interpreted is rooted in the tradition of social constructivism as manifested in the grounded theory perspective of Charmaz. My examination of the hitherto unspoken political visions of the study participants and their shared perspectives offers pragmatic solutions to create greater equity and fairer inclusion of the marginalized in civic and political dialogues and in the administrative practice of government. Remarkably, the cultural changes towards justice and inclusion in the Government of British Columbia manifest that fair government is committed to creating a fundamental transformation in favour of marginalized groups. I find the most promising approach for such transformation occurs where bottom up and dynamic approaches of civil society are aligned with top down approaches of government to justice. The findings suggest that fair governance enhances its functionality and capacity through reflecting universal universalism in its policies and practices, heartening public spirituality and moving towards a more humane modernity rather than the extant western model of modernity. Thus, fair governance calls for diversity in expression of religious identity and challenges the mistaken images of Muslim women. Subsequently, fair government welcomes female religious actors, who act upon religious values, to its administration and respects their choice of clothing encompassing the scarf. Fair government, at all levels, ameliorates the ethical standards of its employees and employs authentic leaders, who act in a virtuous manner, care about employees’ deeply held values, and implement direct communication with staff. Such government supports legislative and constitutional reforms to consider a different outlook of the marginalized on political and social concerns, respects religious practices, honours Muslims’ identity and interpretation of life, and supports individuals who aim to improve humanity in Canada and its occupational settings. Rethinking Islamophobia in the context of the distinct need of government administrators for the institutional education about Islam, as a key finding of the study, depicts the emergence of “Islamoexploria”, as a new expression, which I coin. In my study, there is ample evidence to suggest that a sample of government administrators in British Columbia is in the age of post Islamophobia since they, as pioneers, have passed the stage of Islamophobia and entered a new era of “Islamoexploria”. Thus, they have produced the profound socio-cultural changes towards understanding Islam by shifting from fear of, ostensibly, the unknown to knowledge about the unknown and to approaches that are more sympathetic to Muslims. This finding suggests that fair government facilitates the journey from western Islamophobia, a demonstration of old racism, to “Islamoexploria”, a contemporary thirst for knowledge about Islam. Concurrently, Muslims remain responsible to contribute to fairness at large by role modeling their religious values, which greatly promote justice, compassionate attitudes, and humanitarian actions. / Graduate / 2022-12-07