Bakgrund: Universitet och högskolor har utvecklat kliniska träningscentrum (KTC) där sjuksköterskestudenterna får integrera kliniska och teoretiska kunskaper. Scenarioträningar innebär att ett antal färdigheter läggs samman till ett autentiskt patientfall och färdighetsträning innebär att lära sig tekniken eller handling med upprepningsmöjligheter. Tekniken har utvecklats i takt med att sjukvården blivit allt mer komplex. Syftet: Syftet med denna studie var att jämföra två olika inlärningsmetoder i att koppla en infusion till en perifer venkateter bland sjuksköterskestudenter. Jämförelsen var mellan färdighetsträning och en kombination av färdighetsträning och scenarioträning. Metod: Fyrtio sjuksköterskestudenter rekryterades från termin 4 och indelades i en interventionsgrupp (19 studenter) och en jämförelsegrupp (21 studenter). Interventionsgruppen fick färdighet och scenarioträning och jämförelsegruppen fick färdighetsträning i att koppla en infusion till en perifer venkateter. Yrkeshandledare utvärderade studentens färdighet och förmåga att koppla en infusion under studenternas verksamhetsförlagda utbildning. Utvärderingen skedde med hjälp av ett frågeformulär baserat på OSCE protokoll och innehöll 5 domäner. Data analyserades med Chi-2 test och Mann-Whitney U test. Statistik programmet SPSS användes för att analysera utfallet. Resultat: Inga signifikanta skillnader sågs mellan grupperna beträffande bemötande, hygien, ergonomi, vårdteknik samt dokumentation. Båda grupperna uppnådde höga resultat inom alla domänerna förutom hygien och vårdteknik. Slutsats: Scenarioträning ökade inte studenternas färdighet och förmåga i att koppla en infusion till en perifer venkateter. Båda grupperna visade att det behövs mer träning på KTC i hygien och vårdteknik.

Teaching of mathematics is one of the most complicated and demanding disciplines in a curriculum. The aim of a teacher is not only to communicate knowledge but also to engage the students, motivate them and involve in active learning process by encouraging them to construct their knowledge and competencies. Dynamic geometry systems based on the principle of constructionist learning enable to effectively involve students into the activity by constructing their mathematical knowledge and competencies. However, teachers of mathematics find it difficult to employ the systems since the technical skills of the teachers are inadequate. The visualization of secondary school geometry by using the systems of dynamic geometry systems, i.e. interactive microworlds, can help to solve the problem. The dissertation has analysed the methods of informatics which are employed to develop learning software, the capacities of dynamic geometry systems and the concepts of constructionist teaching and learning as well as interactive visualization. A model to create interactive microworlds is presented with reference to the implemented technological capacities of dynamic geometry systems and the didactics of constructionist teaching of mathematics. The syntax and semantics of dynamic geometry objects has been formalized through the abstract data types which help to describe scenarios of interactive visualization according to a model. The model has been implemented through the visualization of 9-10... [to full text] / Matematikos mokymas viena iš sudėtingiausių ir daugiausiai dėmesio reikalaujanti disciplina mokykliniame kurse. Mokytojo tikslas ne tik perteikti žinias, bet sudominti, motyvuoti ir įtraukti klasės mokinius į aktyvų mokymosi procesą konstruojant savo žinias ir gebėjimus. Dinaminės geometrijos sistemos grįstos konstrukcionistinio mokymosi principu padeda efektyviai įtraukti mokinius į veiklą konstruojant matematines žinias ir gebėjimus. Tačiau matematikos mokytojui sudėtinga naudoti šias sistemas, nes dažnai mokytojo techniniai gebėjimai yra nepakankami. Šiai problemai išspręsti gali padėti mokyklinės geometrijos vizualizavimas panaudojant dinaminės geometrijos sistemas – sukurti interaktyvūs mikropasauliai. Disertacijoje išnagrinėti informatikos metodai taikomi kuriant skaitmenines priemones mokymuisi, dinaminių geometrijos sistemų galimybės, konstrukcionistinio mokymo(si), interaktyvaus vizualizavimo sąvokos. Pateikiamas modelis interaktyviems mikropasauliams kurti atsižvelgiant į naudojamos dinaminės geometrijos sistemos technologines galimybes ir konstrukcionistinio matematikos mokymo didaktiką. Formalizuota dinaminės geometrijos objektų sintaksė ir semantika abstrakčiaisiais duomenų tipais, kuri padeda aprašyti scenarijus interaktyviam vizualizavimui pagal modelį. Modelis įgyvendintas vizualizuojant 9-10 klasės matematikos kursą. Sukurta apie 400 interaktyvių mikropasaulių. Atliktas įvertinimas parodė, kad modelis gali būti įgyvendintas įvairiose dinaminės geometrijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Teaching of mathematics is one of the most complicated and demanding disciplines in a curriculum. The aim of a teacher is not only to communicate knowledge but also to engage the students, motivate them and involve in active learning process by encouraging them to construct their knowledge and competencies. Dynamic geometry systems based on the principle of constructionist learning enable to effectively involve students into the activity by constructing their mathematical knowledge and competencies. However, teachers of mathematics find it difficult to employ the systems since the technical skills of the teachers are inadequate. The visualization of secondary school geometry by using the systems of dynamic geometry systems, i.e. interactive microworlds, can help to solve the problem. The dissertation has analysed the methods of informatics which are employed to develop learning software, the capacities of dynamic geometry systems and the concepts of constructionist teaching and learning as well as interactive visualization. A model to create interactive microworlds is presented with reference to the implemented technological capacities of dynamic geometry systems and the didactics of constructionist teaching of mathematics. The syntax and semantics of dynamic geometry objects has been formalized through the abstract data types which help to describe scenarios of interactive visualization according to a model. The model has been implemented through the visualization of 9-10... [to full text] / Matematikos mokymas viena iš sudėtingiausių ir daugiausiai dėmesio reikalaujanti disciplina mokykliniame kurse. Mokytojo tikslas ne tik perteikti žinias, bet sudominti, motyvuoti ir įtraukti klasės mokinius į aktyvų mokymosi procesą konstruojant savo žinias ir gebėjimus. Dinaminės geometrijos sistemos grįstos konstrukcionistinio mokymosi principu padeda efektyviai įtraukti mokinius į veiklą konstruojant matematines žinias ir gebėjimus. Tačiau matematikos mokytojui sudėtinga naudoti šias sistemas, nes dažnai mokytojo techniniai gebėjimai yra nepakankami. Šiai problemai išspręsti gali padėti mokyklinės geometrijos vizualizavimas panaudojant dinaminės geometrijos sistemas – sukurti interaktyvūs mikropasauliai. Disertacijoje išnagrinėti informatikos metodai taikomi kuriant skaitmenines priemones mokymuisi, dinaminių geometrijos sistemų galimybės, konstrukcionistinio mokymo(si), interaktyvaus vizualizavimo sąvokos. Pateikiamas modelis interaktyviems mikropasauliams kurti atsižvelgiant į naudojamos dinaminės geometrijos sistemos technologines galimybes ir konstrukcionistinio matematikos mokymo didaktiką. Formalizuota dinaminės geometrijos objektų sintaksė ir semantika abstrakčiaisiais duomenų tipais, kuri padeda aprašyti scenarijus interaktyviam vizualizavimui pagal modelį. Modelis įgyvendintas vizualizuojant 9-10 klasės matematikos kursą. Sukurta apie 400 interaktyvių mikropasaulių. Atliktas įvertinimas parodė, kad modelis gali būti įgyvendintas įvairiose dinaminės geometrijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

It is well known that, socioeconomic development in coastal regions is in many respects are more rapid than elsewhere. The rapid development has been the outcome of recognition of these regions as a means providing ideal conditions for relatively cheap transport, food and mineral resource, petroleum, natural gas, agricultural and industrial development, housing and recreation, etc. Therefore, coastal areas are under threat due to forcing function of human activities. A novel technique addressed scenic evaluation through application of fuzzy logic methodologies to values obtained from checklist that itemized 26 human and physical parameters rated on five-point attribute scale. The methodology enabled calculation of an Evaluation Index (D) which categorizes all sites and statistically best described attribute values in terms of weighted areas. The methodology developed for coastal scenic evaluation using Fuzzy Logic Approach (FLA) is a very useful tool in making future management plans for coastal areas by simulating different human usages. With regard to coastal zone management this technique is suitable for evaluating future potential changes especially with regard to influence of coastal structures on the coastal scenery. This work will hopefully be utilized by coastal mangers, planners, academics, governmental agencies, as to improve the especially human usage of the coastal areas also this work will be a tool for the preservation and conservation and the sustainable development of the coastal areas. For the pilot site, &Ccedil / irali, D values are calculated and corresponding classes are found for different attributes of parameters rising from the human usage.

The Prime Ministry of Undersecretariat of Treasury maintaining the financial administration of Republic of Turkey has several tasks to handle one of which is to manage the government&rsquo / s debt in a way that minimizes the cost regarding risk. Choosing the right instrument and maturity composition that has the least cost and risk is the debt management problem to be dealt with and is affected by many stochastic factors. The objective of this thesis is the optimization of the debt management problem of the Turkish Government via a stochastic simulation framework under the constraints of changes in portfolio positions. Value-at-Risk of the optimal portfolio is calculated to measure market risk. Macroeconomic variables in the optimization problem are modeled with econometric models like autoregressive processes (AR), autoregressive integrated moving average processes (ARIMA) and generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroscedastic (GARCH) processes. The simulation horizon is 2005-2015. Debt portfolio is optimized at 2006 and 2015 where the representative scenarios for the optimization are found by clustering the previously generated 25,000 scenarios into 30 groups at each stage.

This thesis is a guidebook to the complex networks of representations in the Cob Mayan Jungle Adventure and Cob Mayan Village tours in Mexicos Mayan Riviera. Sold to tourists as opportunities to encounter an authentic Mayan culture and explore the ancient ruins at Cob, these excursions exemplify the crossroads at which touristic and Western scientific discourses construct a Mayan Other, and can therefore be scrutinized as staged post-colonial encounters mediated by scriptural and performative economies: the Museum of Maya Culture (Castaneda) and the scenario of discovery (Taylor). Tourist and Maya are not discrete identities but rather inter-related performances: the Maya become mysterious and jungle-connected while the tourist plays the modernized adventurer/discoverer. However, the tours foundations ultimately crumble due to uncanny and partial representations. As the roles and narratives that present the Maya as indigenous Other fracture, so too do those that construct the tourist as authoritative consumer of cultural differentiation.

Current survey has showed that people with disability need equal work opportunity. Meanwhile, labor shortage is becoming more and more serious in existing manufacturing industry and there is less physical work involved in CNC machine operation. Thus it is a good opportunity for people with disability to work in manufacturing industry as CNC operators. In the preliminary research, observation, interview and domain research were conducted to understand activates of FVMC (Fadal Vertical Machining Center is a type of CNC machine) operators. Researchers found the existing FVMC are very inconvenient to use, because most of them were designed for the general public. Operator's performance was restricted by the poor design of the machines and the work area. As a result, many people, especially wheel chair users have found limited employment opportunities in the manufacturing industry. To address this problem, on one hand, we presented a study on the current FVMC. A Full size FVMC was mocked up and 9 wheelchair users and 6 able-body users participated in this study. They were asked to mimic to finish the tasks relate to FVMC operation. This study also aims at collecting data for universal FVMC design. On the other hand, based on the preliminary research two concept of FVMC design scenarios are also developed and evaluated by two groups of subjects. This study addressed limitations of wheelchair users with respect to CNC operation, especially reaching issues, and collected data about the preferred FVMC settings and design from wheelchair users and able-bodied people. At the end, design guidelines were developed for machine engineers or designers in two aspects: 1) improve currently available FVMC; 2) redesign FVMC that is safer and easier to use. These guidelines will increase the potential of employing wheelchair users alongside able-bodied people in the manufacturing industry.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第23997号 / エネ博第433号 / 新制||エネ||82(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 石原 慶一, 教授 白井 康之, 准教授 尾形 清一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Traditional macroeconometric models of the Australian economy estimate the behaviour of wage and price inflation separately, thereby ignoring the possibility that there is a contemporaneous relationship between these two variables. This thesis follows a recent trend emerging in other small open economies, such as the UK and Norway, which is to estimate the behaviour of wage and price inflation in a simultaneous-equations model. In order to capture the behaviour of the major variables which drive wages and prices, a complete model is constructed which embeds these important transmission channels. The model is developed in three stages. First, underpinned by a theoretical framework of a unionized economy with imperfect competition, the core wage- price system is developed whereby consumer prices and average weekly earnings are jointly estimated in a simultaneous-equations framework. Particular atten- tion is given to estimating two identified cointegrating relationships for wages and prices. These equations are interpreted as the long-run targets of workers and firms respectively and are embedded in a parsimonious system of short-run dynamics which drive wages and prices towards their long-run levels. Second, llie behaviour of llie main feedback variables driving llie wage-price system is modelled, with particular attention given to the unemployment rate. While several of the most recent models of unemployment show that the aggregate unemployment rate in Australia does indeed behave differently during periods of low and high unemployment, none can explain what drives the unemployment rate to increase at such a rapid rate and what contributes to its much slower decrease. Another central issue of this thesis, therefore, is to propose a rationale for this as yet unexplained phenomenon. The remaining behavioural variables in the model, including aggregate labour productivity, domestic output and the real exchange rate, are all estimated in a single-equation framework. Third, these equations are then combined with a number of important identi- ties and an interest-rate reaction function to close the model. Then, the impacts of several simulated economic scenarios on Australia's economic landscape are considered. Special emphasis is given to analysing the impact of a large nomi- nal wage shock. The outcomes from these simulated scenarios are pertinent to understanding the inflation process and have important implications for a small open economy like Australia with an explicit inflation target. Overall, the major result to emerge from this thesis is that there is significant statistical support for the hypothesis that wage and price inflation in Australia are jointly determined. This phenomenon has not yet been fully exploited in current macroeconometric models of the Australian economy. The modelling exercise also reveals that the Australian unemployment rate is linear in demand and labour productivity shocks, with nonlinear behaviour caused by real wage rigidity and generous unemployment benefits. Importantly, this simple model is able to simulate the behaviour of the Australian economy extremely well. The outcome from the policy scenarios is clear: both demand-side and supply-side shocks have real and nominal effects on the economy in the short- to medium- run, ceteris paribus. Moreover, a large nominal wage shock to the economy, which results in a real wage rise, will have no sustained effect on the level of domestic activity in the economy, the inflation rate or the real exchange rate. Unemployment is, however, pushed slightly above equilibrium in the short- to medium-run due to a sustained higher real wage level.

This dissertation primarily proposes data-driven methods to handle uncertainty in problems related to Enterprise-wide Optimization (EWO). Datadriven methods are characterized by the direct use of data (historical and/or forecast) in the construction of models for the uncertain parameters that naturally arise from real-world applications. Such uncertainty models are then incorporated into the optimization model describing the operations of an enterprise. Before addressing uncertainty in EWO problems, Chapter 2 deals with the integration of deterministic planning and scheduling operations of a network of batch plants. The main contributions of this chapter include the modeling of sequence-dependent changeovers across time periods for a unitspecific general precedence scheduling formulation, the hybrid decomposition scheme using Bilevel and Temporal Lagrangean Decomposition approaches, and the solution of subproblems in parallel. Chapters 3 to 6 propose different data analytics techniques to account for stochasticity in EWO problems. Chapter 3 deals with scenario generation via statistical property matching in the context of stochastic programming. A distribution matching problem is proposed that addresses the under-specification shortcoming of the originally proposed moment matching method. Chapter 4 deals with data-driven individual and joint chance constraints with right-hand side uncertainty. The distributions are estimated with kernel smoothing and are considered to be in a confidence set, which is also considered to contain the true, unknown distributions. The chapter proposes the calculation of the size of the confidence set based on the standard errors estimated from the smoothing process. Chapter 5 proposes the use of quantile regression to model production variability in the context of Sales & Operations Planning. The approach relies on available historical data of actual vs. planned production rates from which the deviation from plan is defined and considered a random variable. Chapter 6 addresses the combined optimal procurement contract selection and pricing problems. Different price-response models, linear and nonlinear, are considered in the latter problem. Results show that setting selling prices in the presence of uncertainty leads to the use of different purchasing contracts.