MSc (Horticulture) / Department of Horticultural Sciences / Grafting is the process of combining two parts of plants to form a single plant. Grafting is a common technique in trees and vine crops and is becoming popular in annual vegetable production in order to control biotic and abiotic stresses, improve fruit yield and quality. The objectives of the study were to determine the (a) compatibility of the tomato scion x rootstocks combinations (b) effect of rootstocks on vegetative growth parameters (c) effect of tomato rootstocks on fruit quality and yield of tomato. The experiments were conducted under a protected environment (in a high tunnel) at the University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa. Four tomato rootstocks (‘Powapak’, ‘Everest’, ‘Matterhorn’ and ‘Golf’) and two scion cultivars (‘Money Maker’ and ‘Rodade’) were used to develop 10 scion x rootstock combinations. The tube grafting method was used. Seedlings were transplanted in the polyethylene bags inside the high tunnel. Growth parameters, including plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per cluster as well as yield attributes were measured. In addition, the chemical fruit quality parameters including the total soluble solids and pH were determined. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used for the study. Quantitative data sets of the variables were subjected to analysis of variance. There was a high plant survival rate and the number of clusters per plant showed marked improvement in some grafting combinations particularly in ‘Rodade x Everest’ and ‘Money Maker x Everest’. A few individual stunted plants were observed in the tunnel. A significant seasonal effect was observed on some of the growth and productivity attributes. The pH showed a narrow range of values and there was significant interaction between sampling time and genotype. The results demonstrated the viability of producing grafted tomatoes under tunnel conditions. / NRF

The paper by Apostolaki, Zohar, and Vanbever [3] describes two routing attacks on the Bitcoin network, partition attack and delay attack. By isolating parts of the network or delaying block propagation, a significant amount of mining power could be wasted, resulting in revenue loss and a wide range of exploits could be enabled, such as double spending. Hence, the Bitcoin’s solution to the double spending problem would be broken, making the technology unreliable and unavailable. The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the standardized routing protocol in the current Internet, without any security guarantees. Numerous security extensions have been proposed for BGP, but there is still no widely deployed solution. Therefore, some argue that instead of securing BGP, an entirely new inter-domain architecture should be developed. The thesis investigates the possible mitigation of routing attacks in the blockchain technology, by using the new inter-domain architecture called SCION. Two solutions are proposed utilizing SCION and IP, namely an application level solution and a SIG proxy solution. The solutions have been evaluated in terms of security, availability and efficiency, with the conclusion that routing attacks can be mitigated using SCION. Hence, providing incentive to the blockchain users to use SCION, in order to benefit from a secure and highly available blockchain network communication, with potential revenue increase. Furthermore, the thesis provides incentive for further development of the SCION architecture, as well as applying SCION to additional fields. / Forskningsarbetet av Apostolaki, Zohar och Vanbever [3] beskriver två routingattacker på Bitcoinnätverket, partitioneringsattack och fördröjningsattack. Genom att isolera delar av nätverket eller fördröja blockutbredningen, skulle signifikant mängd brytningskraft kunna slösas bort, vilket resulterar i omsättningsförlust och ett brett spektrum av utnyttjanden skulle kunna möjliggöras, som t.ex. dubbla utgifter. Som en följd, skulle Bitcoins lösning på problemet med dubbla utgifter sättas ur spel, vilket gör tekniken opålitlig och otillgänglig. Border Gateway-protokollet (BGP) är det standardiserade routingprotokollet i nuvarande Internet, utan några säkerhetsgarantier. Många säkerhetsutvidgningar för BGP har föreslagits, även om det fortfarande inte finns någon allmänt nyttjad lösning. Därför hävdar vissa att istället för att säkra BGP, bör en helt ny interdomänarkitektur utvecklas. Detta examensarbete undersöker en eventuell lindring av routingattacker i blockkedjetekniken, med hjälp av den nya interdomänarkitekturen som heter SCION. Två lösningar som nyttjar SCION och IP föreslås, en applikationsnivålösning och en SIG-proxylösning. Lösningarna har utvärderats med avseende på säkerhet, tillgänglighet och effektivitet. Slutsatsen blev att routingattacker kan lindras med SCION, vilket motiverar blockkedjeanvändarna att använda SCION, för att dra nytta av en säker och högt tillgänglig blockkedjenätverkskommunikation, med möjlighet till ökad omsättning. Examensarbetet bidrar dessutom med motivering för vidareutveckling av SCION-arkitekturen, samt till att tillämpa SCION på ytterligare områden.

A incorporação de novas ferramentas biotecnológicas aos programas de melhoramento de citros oferece inúmeras possibilidades. Os marcadores DArTTM (Diversity Arrays Technology), combinados à técnica de sequenciamento de última geração, apresentam boa aplicabilidade na construção de mapas genéticos de alta resolução e no mapeamento de QTL (Quantitative Trai Loci). Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo construir um mapa genético integrado de tangor \'Murcott\' e laranja \'Pera\' usando os marcadores moleculares do tipo DArT_seqTM e localizar QTLs para doze caracteres de qualidade de frutos. A partir de um cruzamento controlado entre tangor \'Murcott\' e laranja \'Pera\', realizado no banco de germoplasma de Citros do Centro de Citricultura \"Sylvio Moreira\", Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, localizado em Cordeirópolis-SP, em 1997. Foi obtida uma família de 350 indivíduos híbridos, dos quais 278 foram selecionados para avaliação das características de fruto em 2012. No presente trabalho, esses 278 indivíduos foram genotipados usando os marcadores DArTseqTM. Para construir o mapa integrado foi utilizado o programa OneMap e foram considerados apenas os marcadores que não apresentaram desvio de segregação mendeliana. A razão de verossimilhança foi utilizada para a formação de grupos de ligação, além da informação genômica obtida a partir do genoma sequenciado de Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck disponível em (http://citrus.hzau.edu.cn/orange/index.php). O mapa parcialmente integrado foi composto de 661 marcadores, ligados em 13 grupos, que correspondem ao número haplóide de cromossomos da espécie, com cobertura genômica de 2.774 cM. De acordo com as análises de mapeamento por intervalo composto e os resultados do teste de permutação, um total 19 QTLs foram identificados, tendo em conta as características de fruto analisadas: peso (g), diâmetro (cm), altura (cm), relação diâmetro / altura, espessura da casca (cm), número de gomos, teor de sólidos solúveis (°Brix), acidez titulável (%), rendimento de suco (%), número de sementes, valor do índice tecnológico (IT) e número estimado de frutos por caixa. O mapa genético integrado foi comparado com o genoma (pseudochromosomes) de Citrus sinensis e sintenias foram claramente identificadas. A análise mais aprofundada das regiões genômicas (QTLs) apresentando os maiores valores de LOD score permitiu identificar a presença de genes candidatos que podem estar associados com as características analisadas / The incorporation of new biotechnological tools to citrus breeding programs provides many new possibilities. The DArT markers (Diversity Arrays Technology), combined with Next-Generation Sequencing presents good applicability in the construction of high resolution genetic maps and QTL mapping. This study aimed to construct an integrated genetic map of \'Murcott\' tangor and \'Pera\' sweet orange using the DArTseqTM molecular markers, and localize QTL for twelve fruit quality traits. A controlled cross between \'Murcott\' tangor and \'Pera\' sweet orange was conducted at the Citrus Germplasm Bank at the \"Sylvio Moreira\" Citrus Centre of Agronomic Institute, located in Cordeirópolis-SP in 1997.A family with 350 hybrid individuals was obtained, from which 278 were selected for evaluation of fruit traits in 2012. In this study, the 278 F1 individuals were genotyped using the DArTseqTM markers. To build the integrated map, we used the OneMap program and considered all DArT loci that showed no segregation deviation. The likelihood ratio was used for formation of linkage groups, besides the genomic information obtained from the available Citrus sinensis genome sequence (http://citrus.hzau.edu.cn/orange/index.php). The partially integrated map contained 661 markers linked in 13 linkage groups, with genomic coverage of 2,774 cM, the map is saturated and represent the species haploid chromosome number. According to the analyses using \"Composite Interval Mapping\" (CIM) and the results of the permutation test, a total of 19 QTL were identified for the 12 fruits characteristics analyzed: diameter (cm), height (cm), ratio of H/D, weight (g), rind thickness (cm), segments per fruit, total soluble solids ((°Brix), Acidity (%), Juice content (%), number of seeds, ratio of total soluble solids /acidity and number of fruits per box. The genome sequence (pseudochromosomes) of Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck was compared to the genetic map, and sinteny was clearly identified. Further analysis of the map regions with the highest LOD score enabled the identification of the presence of genes that could be associated with the characteristics. The genome sequences allowed identification of genes that may respond for phenotypic traits in Citrus

The apple rootstock ‘Geneva® 41’ (‘G.41’), is desirable for its resistance to fire blight, Erwinia amylovora, while producing high yields. However, ‘G.41’ and other Geneva® selections tend to form weak graft unions in the nursery that are susceptible to breaking in the wind, at harvest, or during shipment. In order to understand and remedy this graft union weakness, six scions (‘Fuji’, ‘Gala’, ‘Honeycrisp’, ‘McIntosh’, ‘Pink Lady’, and ‘Scilate’) by seven rootstocks (‘G.41’, ‘G.935’, ‘G.214’, ‘G.11’, ‘M.9-NIC 29’, ‘B.9’ and ‘EMLA 26’), by two grafting methods (chip bud and saddle graft) in a factorial design were tested for graft union flexural strength and flexibility. Additionally, plant growth regulators (PGR) were applied to trees with ‘G.41’ as rootstock as a solution to overcome graft union weakness. Transpiration rate and hydraulic resistance were measured for comparison of a weak graft forming rootstock (‘G.41’) to a strong graft forming rootstock (‘M.9-NIC 29’). ‘G.41’ consistently formed a weaker graft union regardless of scion or grafting method. Scions such as ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Pink Lady’ formed stronger graft unions, while ‘Scilate’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ form weaker graft unions. Saddle grafting did not improve graft union strength. Nurseries that graft on ‘G.41’ should choose scions that form stronger graft unions. Benzyl adenine (BA) in a latex paint increased the strength and flexibility of the graft union relative to scion cross sectional area (SCSA), but further research is needs to identify more efficient methods of application. Rootstock effect on transpiration rate was different between years. No detectable differences were found for hydraulic resistance through the graft union of different rootstocks, suggesting weaker graft unions did not limit hydraulic conductance or transpiration rate. Thus graft union weakness is not an indicator of poor vascular connection.

A incorporação de novas ferramentas biotecnológicas aos programas de melhoramento de citros oferece inúmeras possibilidades. Os marcadores DArTTM (Diversity Arrays Technology), combinados à técnica de sequenciamento de última geração, apresentam boa aplicabilidade na construção de mapas genéticos de alta resolução e no mapeamento de QTL (Quantitative Trai Loci). Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo construir um mapa genético integrado de tangor \'Murcott\' e laranja \'Pera\' usando os marcadores moleculares do tipo DArT_seqTM e localizar QTLs para doze caracteres de qualidade de frutos. A partir de um cruzamento controlado entre tangor \'Murcott\' e laranja \'Pera\', realizado no banco de germoplasma de Citros do Centro de Citricultura \"Sylvio Moreira\", Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, localizado em Cordeirópolis-SP, em 1997. Foi obtida uma família de 350 indivíduos híbridos, dos quais 278 foram selecionados para avaliação das características de fruto em 2012. No presente trabalho, esses 278 indivíduos foram genotipados usando os marcadores DArTseqTM. Para construir o mapa integrado foi utilizado o programa OneMap e foram considerados apenas os marcadores que não apresentaram desvio de segregação mendeliana. A razão de verossimilhança foi utilizada para a formação de grupos de ligação, além da informação genômica obtida a partir do genoma sequenciado de Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck disponível em (http://citrus.hzau.edu.cn/orange/index.php). O mapa parcialmente integrado foi composto de 661 marcadores, ligados em 13 grupos, que correspondem ao número haplóide de cromossomos da espécie, com cobertura genômica de 2.774 cM. De acordo com as análises de mapeamento por intervalo composto e os resultados do teste de permutação, um total 19 QTLs foram identificados, tendo em conta as características de fruto analisadas: peso (g), diâmetro (cm), altura (cm), relação diâmetro / altura, espessura da casca (cm), número de gomos, teor de sólidos solúveis (°Brix), acidez titulável (%), rendimento de suco (%), número de sementes, valor do índice tecnológico (IT) e número estimado de frutos por caixa. O mapa genético integrado foi comparado com o genoma (pseudochromosomes) de Citrus sinensis e sintenias foram claramente identificadas. A análise mais aprofundada das regiões genômicas (QTLs) apresentando os maiores valores de LOD score permitiu identificar a presença de genes candidatos que podem estar associados com as características analisadas / The incorporation of new biotechnological tools to citrus breeding programs provides many new possibilities. The DArT markers (Diversity Arrays Technology), combined with Next-Generation Sequencing presents good applicability in the construction of high resolution genetic maps and QTL mapping. This study aimed to construct an integrated genetic map of \'Murcott\' tangor and \'Pera\' sweet orange using the DArTseqTM molecular markers, and localize QTL for twelve fruit quality traits. A controlled cross between \'Murcott\' tangor and \'Pera\' sweet orange was conducted at the Citrus Germplasm Bank at the \"Sylvio Moreira\" Citrus Centre of Agronomic Institute, located in Cordeirópolis-SP in 1997.A family with 350 hybrid individuals was obtained, from which 278 were selected for evaluation of fruit traits in 2012. In this study, the 278 F1 individuals were genotyped using the DArTseqTM markers. To build the integrated map, we used the OneMap program and considered all DArT loci that showed no segregation deviation. The likelihood ratio was used for formation of linkage groups, besides the genomic information obtained from the available Citrus sinensis genome sequence (http://citrus.hzau.edu.cn/orange/index.php). The partially integrated map contained 661 markers linked in 13 linkage groups, with genomic coverage of 2,774 cM, the map is saturated and represent the species haploid chromosome number. According to the analyses using \"Composite Interval Mapping\" (CIM) and the results of the permutation test, a total of 19 QTL were identified for the 12 fruits characteristics analyzed: diameter (cm), height (cm), ratio of H/D, weight (g), rind thickness (cm), segments per fruit, total soluble solids ((°Brix), Acidity (%), Juice content (%), number of seeds, ratio of total soluble solids /acidity and number of fruits per box. The genome sequence (pseudochromosomes) of Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck was compared to the genetic map, and sinteny was clearly identified. Further analysis of the map regions with the highest LOD score enabled the identification of the presence of genes that could be associated with the characteristics. The genome sequences allowed identification of genes that may respond for phenotypic traits in Citrus

La Vigne est cultivée en système greffé, combinant les qualités de production fruitière des Vignes Européennes (Vitis vinifera) et la tolérance phylloxérique des Vignes Américaines (Vitis spp.). Cependant l’utilisation de porte-greffes américains modifie le développement, la physiologie, et l’alimentation hydrique et minérale du greffon. Plus particulièrement, le fond génétique des porte-greffes de la Vigne semble impliqué dans la régulation de la nutrition en phosphore (P) du greffon. Le phosphore est un élément nutritif essentiel pour la croissance des plantes, impliqué dans la composition de nombreux composants cellulaires, ainsi que dans le contrôle des voies métaboliques via son apport énergétique et la régulation de l’activité enzymatique. Malgré son importance, P un est des éléments minéraux les plus limitants pour la croissance des plantes en raison de sa faible disponibilité assimilable dans le sol. L’objectif de ce travail est de déterminer les mécanismes impliqués dans le contrôle de la nutrition en P de la Vigne, en comparant deux porte-greffes V. riparia cv. Riparia Gloire de Montpellier (RGM) et V. rupestris x V. berlandieri cv. 1103 Paulsen (1103P) connus pour conférer respectivement de faibles ou fortes concentrations en P à leur greffon. Les résultats montrent que 1103P est plus adapté à acquérir le P que RGM, en partie grâce à un système racinaire plus développé permettant une meilleure exploration du sol ainsi qu’une meilleure efficience d’acquisition du P disponible. Ce porte-greffe montre également meilleure utilisation de ses réserves en P dans les parties pérennes afin d’optimiser la croissance des parties aériennes. En revanche la capacité des génotypes à augmenter le P assimilable dans la rhizosphère ne semble pas être différente. Enfin l’effet du greffage et plus particulièrement du greffon a été étudié, révélant le rôle de V. vinifera sur le développement et le fonctionnement racinaire du porte-greffe. Ces résultats contribuent à la compréhension des mécanismes régulant l’alimentation minérale de la Vigne, mettant ainsi en évidence le rôle du fond génétique du porte-greffe sélectionné, ainsi que la régulation de ce dernier par son greffon. / Grapevine is grown in a grafted system, combining the fruit production qualities of the European species (Vitis vinifera) and the phylloxera tolerance of American species (Vitis spp.). However, the use of American rootstocks affects the development, the physiology, and the water and mineral status of the scion. Particularly, the genetic background of grapevine rootstocks appears to be involved in the regulation of phosphorus (P) content of the scion. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth, involved in the composition of many cellular components, as well as in the control of metabolic pathways via its role in energy transfer and the regulation of enzymatic activity. Despite its importance, P is one of the most limiting mineral elements for plant growth because of its poor availability in the soil. The objective of this work is to determine mechanisms involved in the control of P nutrition in grapevine, by comparing two rootstocks V. riparia cv. Riparia Gloire de Montpellier (RGM) and V. rupestris x V. berlandieri cv. 1103 Paulsen (1103P) known to confer low and high concentrations of P to their scion respectively. The results show that 1103P is more efficient at acquiring P than RGM, with a higher developed root system allowing greater soil exploration as well as a higher efficiency of P acquisition. In addition, this rootstock shows better use of its reserves of P in perennial parts to optimize the growth of the shoot. However, the ability of genotypes to increase the assimilable P in the rhizosphere does not seem to be different. Finally, the effect of grafting, and more particularly of the scion genotype, has been studied, demonstrating the capacity of V. vinifera to alter the development and root functioning of the rootstock. These results contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms regulating the mineral nutrition in grapevine and highlight the role of the genetic background of the rootstock, as well as its regulation by the scion.

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-03-02T14:51:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ChristianeMCR_TESE.pdf: 1824459 bytes, checksum: 8d67db5817b6096ad2d44e2a3043a10d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-03-21T15:02:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ChristianeMCR_TESE.pdf: 1824459 bytes, checksum: 8d67db5817b6096ad2d44e2a3043a10d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T15:02:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ChristianeMCR_TESE.pdf: 1824459 bytes, checksum: 8d67db5817b6096ad2d44e2a3043a10d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-03 / Emepa - Empresa Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária / The social and economic importance of yellow mombin is due to the marketing of its raw fruits and derivatives. The non-existence of commercial clones and the high plant size are the main obstacles to its rational cultivation being necessary to make the cloning a viable instrument through the interspecific rootstocks in order to downsize the plants heights. Studies done with yellow mombin grafted onto rootstocks of yellow mombin and hog-plum did not markedly downsize the plant height but these clones were not evaluated in other enviroments. The yellow mombin shows potential for remedies. In the pharmaceutical industry it is used as phytotherapics against the Herpes virus. In works done with this species some bioactive compounds were found in the leaves such as flavonoids and tannins. Although this potential, some researches on chemical characterization and genetic diversity among genotypes are incipient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the vegetative growth of yellow mombin clones grafted onto interspecific rootstocks in different environments and the genetic diversity as to bioactive compounds among accessions of the Emepa-PB´s germplasm bank. In order to evaluate the clones development two trials with a completely randomized block design were performed. The trial 1 was conducted in a 3 x 4 x 3 factorial design with four repetitions, totaling 36 treatments, being three different interspecific rootstocks with yellow mombin (S. mombin), hog-plum (S. tuberosa) and coarse mombin (S. venulosa), four graftings of yellow mombin clones (Itaitinga, Gereau, Lagoa Redonda and Genipabu) and three different places (João Pessoa, PB, Ipanguaçu, RN and Itabuna, BA). The trial 2 was conducted in a 4 x 3 factorial design, with four repetitions, totaling 12 treatments. Three graftings of yellow mombin (Emepa 8.2, Emepa 8.6 and Emepa 20) obtained from the grafting between yellow mombin clones, grafted onto yellow mombin, plus one genotype of ungrafted yellow mombin, were used in the same places. The evaluated variables for the two trials at the 8, 39 and 46 months old were plant height, stem circumference, crown spread, crown format, number of branches and percentage of dead plants. The conclusions are that the environment, the grafting and the rootstocks did not influence the size and vigor of the clones allowing the identification of the morphological characteristics variations in each environment; that in Trial 1, for the three enviroments, the graftings of yellow mombin onto yellow mombin, hog-plum and coarse mombin rootstocks did not form clones with ideal sizes so that they cannot be recommended for commercial plantation; that in Trial 2, in the three enviroments, the Emepa 8.2 showed smaller size, bigger crown spread, major number of branches, 100% crown in a spread format and it can be recommended for new studies and later multiplication for commercial plantation. Leaves and barks of 27 yellow mombin accessions of the Emepa´s germplasm bank, in João Pessoa, PB, were used. The extractions were performed with methanol and the identification and quantification of bioactive compounds were checked through the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). For the grouping of accessions were used the Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and the UPGMA method. The standardized Euclidean distancewas used as a measure of genetic diversity. Rutin, quercetin, ellagic acid and geraniin compounds were quantified in leaves and ellagic acid and geraniin compounds were quantified inbarks. The highest amounts were found in leaves. Seven groups were formed. The accession group A3 was the most divergent with high amounts of rutin, quercetin and ellagic acid in leaves. The conclusion is that there is variability among accessions and it must be preserved and exploited through the genetic improvement programs / A importância socioeconômica da cajazeira é devido à comercialização dos frutos e do consumo de seus derivados. A inexistência de clones comerciais e o porte alto da planta constituem-se em entraves ao seu cultivo racional, necessitando viabilizar a clonagem com porta-enxertos interspecíficos visando reduzir o porte das plantas. Estudos realizados com a cajazeira enxertada na própria espécie e em umbuzeiro não demonstraram a diminuição significativa do porte da planta. No entanto, esses clones não foram avaliados em outros ambientes. A cajazeira apresenta potencial para medicamentos. Na indústria farmacêutica é utilizada como fitoterápico contra o vírus do Herpes. Em trabalhos realizados por outros pesquisadores, foram identificados compostos bioativos nas folhas tais como flavonoides e taninos. Apesar desse potencial, as pesquisas sobre a caracterização química e a divergência genética entre os genótipos são incipientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de clones de cajazeira enxertados sobre porta-enxertos interespecíficos em diferentes ambientes e a diversidade genética quanto a compostos bioativos entre acessos do banco de germoplasma da Emepa-PB. Para avaliação do desenvolvimento dos clones, foram realizados dois ensaios em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. O Ensaio 1 foi conduzido em esquema fatorial 3 x 4 x 3, com quatro repetições, totalizando 36 tratamentos, sendo três porta-enxertos interespecíficos com cajazeira (S. mombin), umbuzeiro (S. tuberosa) e cajazeira-grande (S. venulosa), quatro enxertos de clones de cajazeira (Itaitinga, Gereau, Lagoa Redonda e Genipabu), e três locais (João Pessoa, PB, Ipanguaçu, RN e Itabuna, BA). O Ensaio 2 foi conduzido em esquema fatorial 4 x 3, com quatro repetições, totalizando 12 tratamentos. Foram utilizados três exertos de acessos de cajazeira (Emepa 8.2, Emepa 8.6 e Emepa 20) enxertados sobre cajazeira, mais um pé-franco de cajazeira, nos mesmos locais. As variáveis avaliadas, aos 8, 39 e 46 meses de idade, para os Ensaios 1 e 2, foram altura de planta, perímetro de caule, largura e formato de copa, número de ramos e mortalidade de plantas. Concluiu-se que o ambiente, os enxertos e os porta-enxertos de espécies de Spondias influenciaram no desenvolvimento dos clones, permitindo identificar variabilidade nas características morfológicas em cada ambiente; no Ensaio 1, nos três ambientes, a enxertia da cajazeira sobre porta-enxertos de cajazeira, cajazeira-grande e umbuzeiro não formaram clones com porte ideal para recomendação comercial; no Ensaio 2, nos três ambientes, o clone Emepa 8.2 apresentou menor porte, maior largura de copa, maior número de ramos e 100% de formato de copa esgalhada, podendo ser recomendado para novos estudos e posterior multiplicação para exploração comercial. Para avaliação da diversidade genética, foram utilizadas folhas e cascas de cajazeira de 27 acessos do banco de germoplasma da Emepa, em João Pessoa, PB. As extrações foram realizadas com metanol e a quantificação foi determinada por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE). Para o agrupamento dos acessos utilizou-se a Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) e o método aglomerativo UPGMA. Foi utilizada a distância euclidiana média padronizada como medida de dissimilaridade genética. Foram quantificados nas folhas os compostos rutina, quercetina, ácido elágico e geraniina e foram quantificados nas cascas os compostos ácido elágico e geraniina. Os maiores valores foram obtidos nas folhas. Foram formados 7 grupos. O acesso A3 foi o mais divergente com valores elevados de rutina, quercetina e geraniina nas folhas. Concluiu-se que há variabilidade entre os acessos e que esta deve ser preservada e explorada em programas de melhoramento genético / 2017-02-24