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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
421

Plasma out of thermodynamical equilibrium : influence of the plasma environment on atomic structure and collisional cross sections / Plasmas hors équilibre thermodynamique : influence de l’environnement sur la structure atomique et les sections efficaces collisionnelles

Belkhiri, Madeny 03 November 2014 (has links)
Dans les plasmas chauds denses, la distribution spatiale des électrons libres et des ions peut affecter fortement la structure atomique. Pour tenir compte de ces effets, nous avons implémenter un potentiel plasma fond´ sur le modèle d’un gaz d’électron uniforme et sur une approche de type Thomas-Fermi dans le Flexible Atomic Code (FAC). Ce code a été utilisé, pour obtenir les énergies, les fonctions d’onde, et les taux radiative modifiés par l’environnement plasma. Dans des ions hydrogénoides, les résultats numériques ont été comparés avec succès à un calcul analytique basé sur la théorie des perturbations du premier ordre. Dans le cas des ions multi-électronique, on observe un décalage des niveaux, en accord avec d’autre calcul récent. Diverses méthodes pour les calculs de section efficace de collision sont examinées. L’influence de la densité du plasma sur ces sections est analysée en détail. Certaines expressions analytiques sont propos´es pour les ions hydrogénoides comme dans la limite où l’approximation de Born ou Lotz s’applique et sont comparés aux résultats numériques du code de FAC. Enfin, à partir de ce travail, nous étudions l’influence de l’environnement de plasma sur notre modèle collisionel-radiatif nommé -Foch-. En raison de cet environnement, la charge moyenne du plasma augmente, ceci est principalement due a l’abaissement du continuum. Nous observons également, le décalage des raies sur les spectres d’émission lié-lié. Un bon accord est trouvé entre notre travail et les données expérimentales sur un plasma de titane. / In hot dense plasmas, the free-electron and ion spatial distribution may strongly affect the atomic structure. To account for such effects we have implemented a potential correction based on the uniform electron gas model and on a Thomas-Fermi Approach in the Flexible Atomic Code (FAC). This code has been applied to obtain energies, wave-functions and radiative rates modified by the plasma environment. In hydrogen-like ions, these numerical results have been successfully compared to an analytical calculation based on first-order perturbation theory. In the case of multi-electron ions, we observe level crossings in agreement with another recent model calculation. Various methods for the collision cross-section calculations are reviewed. The influence of plasma environment on these cross-sections is analyzed in detail. Some analytical expressions are proposed for hydrogen-like ions in the limit where Born or Lotz approximations apply and are compared to the numerical results from the FAC code. Finally, from this work, we study the influence of the plasma environment on our collisional-radiative model so-called -Foch-. Because of this environment, the mean charge state of the ions increases. The line shift is observed on the bound-bound emission spectra. A good agreement is found between our work and experimental data on a Titanium plasma.
422

Impact du mode de propagation des fronts orogéniques sur la géométrie, la localisation et la chronologie de la déformation : Cas du Bassin de Neuquén, (Argentine) / Geometry, localization and timing of deformation during orogenic front propagation : a case study from the Neuquén basin (Argentina)

Matthieu, Branellec 12 December 2014 (has links)
Cette thèse traite de l’enregistrement de la déformation, à différentes échelles de temps et d’espace dans la chaîne plissée de Malargüe et le bloc de San Rafael, situés dans la partie septentrionale du bassin de Neuquén en Argentine. La première partie du travail comprend une analyse de la déformation finie (chaîne de Malargüe) et de la déformation active (bloc de San Rafael) à l’échelle macroscopique. De manière générale, les coupes structurales régionales proposées mettent clairement en évidence le rôle l’héritage structural lié aux structures générées lors de l’ouverture du bassin au Jurassique. Nous montrons également que les mécanismes de soulèvement actuels du bloc de San Rafael à l’est reprennent les modalités de la déformation d’âge Miocène dans la chaîne. Contrairement au mode de structuration des prismes critiques classiques caractérisés par la localisation de la déformation le long d’un niveau de décollement, la structuration de la chaîne est ici issue d’une déformation distribuée plus largement dans la lithosphère. A l’échelle de l’endommagement mesoscopique, la fracturation régionale nous a permis d’enregistrer les différents champs de contraintes régionaux liés aux phases de raccourcissement depuis le domaine pré-plissement jusqu’à la phase syn-plissement. Ces différentes phases sont en accord avec la cinématique de la convergence de la plaque Nazca depuis le Crétacé supérieur. A l’échelle microscopique, l’analyse des propriétés de susceptibilité magnétique des roches met en évidence, d’une part, une compartimentalisation de la déformation à l’échelle de la matrice liée à l’héritage structural extensif. D’autre part, la distribution spatiale de cet endommagement ne démontre pas l’existence de gradient clair des fabriques magnétiques depuis l’avant-pays vers les zones internes ce qui confirme le caractère atypique du système Andin à la latitude de 35°S. Ce dernier étant principalement contrôlé par une déformation distribuée, liée à l’héritage structural et singulièrement différente de celle attendu dans le cadre de la théorie du prisme critique. / This PhD project deals with multiscale record of the tectonic signal in the Malargüe fold-and-thrust-belt (MFTB) located in the northern part of the Neuquén basin (Argentina). The first results presented rely on the study of the macroscopic finite strain in the fold-belt and the characterization of the active deformation of the San Rafael Block uplift. The cross-sections we produce show that structural inheritance related to the Jurassic extension is the main parameter controlling the belt structure. In addition we proposed that the building mechanisms that controlled the MFTB evolution by Miocene times are the same than those triggering the present day San Rafael block uplift. The second part of this work is dedicated to mesoscopic strain pattern analysis recorded by fracture networks. Throughout the MFTB, we are able to describe the occurrence of four main fractures sets emplaced in several stress regime that are linked (1) to the inheritance and (2) to the well-known compression phases from pre-folding to syn-folding settings. Finally the third part of this work describes the microscopic damage recorded by the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility method. We mainly evidence that there is no clear gradient of magnetic fabrics from foreland to hinterland and that deformation is compartmentalized by structural inheritance. This atypical pattern of magnetic fabrics succession reveals that the matrix damage is governed by the same strain distribution as those observed at macroscopic scale thus providing a supplementary argument to consider the Andean system at these latitudes as singularly different from a classical Coulomb wedge.
423

Análise da dinâmica caótica de pêndulos com excitação paramétrica no suporte / Analysis of chaotic dynamics of pendulums with parametric excitation of the support

Andrade, Vinícius Santos 08 July 2003 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta a modelagem de um problema representado por um pêndulo elástico com excitação paramétrica vertical do suporte e a análise de estabilidade do sistema pendular que se obtém desconsiderando a elasticidade do pêndulo. A modelagem dos pêndulos e a obtenção das equações do movimento são feitas a partir da equação de Lagrange, utilizando as leis de Newton e para a análise de estabilidade do sistema pendular são apresentados os diagramas de bifurcações, multiplicadores de Floquet, mapas e seções de Poincaré e expoentes de Lyapunov. O comportamento do sistema pendular com excitação paramétrica vertical do suporte é investigado através de simulação computacional e apresentam-se resultados para diferentes faixas de valores da amplitude de excitação externa. / This work presents the modeling of an elastic pendulum with parametric excitation of the support and the analysis of the stability of the pendulum that one obtains disregarding the elasticity of the pendulum. The modeling of the pendulum and the equation of motions are obtained from the Lagrange\'s equations, using Newton\'s law. The concepts of bifurcation, Floquet\'s multipliers, Poincaré maps and sections and Lyapunov exponent are presented for the analysis of stability. The behavior of the pendulum with parametric excitation of the suport is investigated through computational simulation and results for different intervals of values of the external excitation amplitude are presented.
424

Invariantes de variedades determinantais / Invariants of determinantal varieties

Siesquén, Nancy Carolina Chachapoyas 24 October 2014 (has links)
Neste trabalho estudamos variedades determinantais essencialmente isoladas (EIDS), definidas por W. Èbeling e S. M. Gusen-Zade em [23]. Este tipo de singularidades é uma generalização das singularidades isoladas. A variedade determinantal genérica Mtm, n é o subconjunto das matrizes m X n, tais que o posto seja menor que t, onde t &le; min{n;m}. Uma variedade X &sub; CN é determinantal se é definida como a pré-imagem de uma função holomorfa F : CN &rarr; Mm;n, sobre a variedade determinantal genérica M t</sup m;n, com a condição codim X = codim Mtm;n. Uma variedade determinantal tem singularidade isolada se N &le; (n- t + 2)(m- t + 2) e admite suavização se N < (n-t+2)(m-t+2). Trabalhos recentes têm estudado variedades determinantais com singularidade isolada, [35, 31]. O número de Milnor de uma superfície determinantal é investigado em [35, 31, 12]. Para variedades determinantais de dimensões maiores a característica de Euler evanescente é definida em [31, 12]. Neste trabalho estudamos o conjunto de limites de hiperplanos tangentes às variedades determinantais X2 &sub; C4 e X3 &sub; C5 para dar uma caracterização deste conjunto, em que o número de Milnor de sua seção com a superfície no primeiro caso ou a 3- variedade no segundo caso não é mínimo. O primeiro caso foi estudado por Jawad Snoussi em [38]. Provamos também que se X é uma EIDS de dimensão d e H e H\' são dois hiperplanos fortemente gerais, se P &sub; H e P\' &sub;H\' são planos lineares de codimensão d - 2 contidos respectivamente em H e H\', o número de Milnor das superfícies correspondentes X &cap; P\' são iguais. Este resultado foi provado para o caso em que a seção genérica é uma curva em [26]. Estudamos a transformada de Nash de uma EIDS e discutimos condições suficientes para que esta transformada seja suave. Outro objetivo é estudar a obstrução de Euler de singularidades determinantais essencialmente isoladas. Obtemos fórmulas que relacionam a obstrução de Euler com a característica de Euler evanescente da suavização essencial de suas seções gerais. Estudamos as variedades determinantais com o conjunto singular de dimensão 1 para ilustrar os resultados. / In this work, we study the essentially isolated determinantal singularities (EIDS), which have been defined by W. Èbeling and S. M. Gusen-Zade in the article [23]. This type of singularities is a natural generalization of isolated ones. A generic determinantal variety Mtm;n is a subset of the space of m X n matrices, given by matrices of rank less than t, where t &le; min. A variety X &sub; CN is determinantal if X is defined as the pre-image of Mtm;n by a holomorphic function F : CN &rarr; Mm;n with the condition codim X = codim Mtm;n. Determinantal varieties have isolated singularity if N &le; (n - t + 2)(m - t + 2) and they admit smoothing if N < (n - t +2)(m - t +2). Several recent works investigate determinantal variety with isolated singularities. The Milnor number of a surface was defined in [35, 31] and the vanishing Euler characteristic was studied in [31]. In this work we study the set of limits of tangent hyperplanes to determinantal varieties X2 &sub; C4 and X3 &sub; C5 to give a characterization of this set by the fact that the Milnor number of its section with the surface in the first case or the 3-dimensional determinantal variety in the second case is not minimum. The first case is studied by Jawad Snoussi in [38]. We also prove that if X is a d- dimensional EIDS and H and H\' are strongly general hyperplans, if P &sub; H and P\' are linear plans of codimension d - 2 contained in H and H\', the Milnor number of the surfaces X &cap; P and X &cap; P\' are equal. In the case that the generic section is a curve the result has been proved in [26]. We study the Nash transformation of an EIDS and give sufficient conditions for this transformation to be smooth. Another aim of our study is the Euler obstruction of essentially isolated determinantal singularities. We obtain inductive formulas associating the Euler obstruction with the vanishing Euler characteristic of the essencial smoothing of their generic sections. We study the determinantal variety with singular set of dimension 1 to illustrate the results.
425

Radiative corrections to hadron production in e+e- annihilations at DA(Phi)NE energies

Hoefer, Axel 08 March 2002 (has links)
Strahlungskorrekturen zur Hadronproduktion bei niedrigen Energien, wie man sie an den e+e- -Beschleunigern DAFNE und VEPP-2M misst, werden untersucht. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die von QED--Korrekturen befreiten hadronischen Wirkungsquerschnitte aus den hadronischen Daten mit einer Praezision auf Promille-Niveau zu extrahieren. Hadronische Praezisionsdaten werden benoetigt, um den theoretischen Fehler zur laufenden Feinstrukturkonstanten alpha(s) und zum anomalen magnetischen Moment des Myons a(mu) zu senken und sie stellen daher einen Schluessel zur moeglichen Entdeckung ``neuer Physik'' dar. Insbesondere die Paarproduktion geladener Pionen e+e- -> pi+ pi- unterhalb einer Energie von 1 GeV ist von grosser Wichtigkeit. Zu diesem Prozess werden die vollstaendigen O(alpha)-QED-Korrekturen zum Anfangszustand, Endzustand sowie die Interferenzkorrekturen berechnet. Analytische Formeln zu den virtuellen und reellen photonischen Korrekturen werden angegeben. Der totale Wirkungsquerschnitt sigma, die Pion-Winkelverteilung dsigma/dcos(theta) und die Invariantemasseverteilung des Pionpaars dsigma/ds' werden fuer den Fall realistischer kinematischer Schnitte untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, dass zusaetzlich zu den vollstaendigen O(alpha)-Korrekturen zusaetzlich die photonischen Anfangszustandskorrekturen der Ordnung O(alpha^2) und fuehrende Photonbeitraege der Ordnung O(alpha^3) sowie Beitraege zur e+ e- -Paarabstrahlung vom Anfangszustand beruecksichtigt werden muessen wenn mindestens eine Genauigkeit auf Prozent-Niveau verlangt wird. Fuer die Datenanalyse wird der Schwerpunkt auf eine inklusive Behandlung aller Photonen gelegt. Die Messung sowohl des totalen Wirkungsquerschnitts als auch der pi+ pi- Invariantemasseverteilung betreffend wird der theoretische Fehler dieser Behandlung der Strahlungskorrekturen mit 2 Promille abgeschaetzt. Ausserdem wird die Modellunsicherheit als Folge der Pion-Substruktur diskutiert. Um den Formfaktor mit der gewuenschten Praezision aus den experimentellen Daten extrahieren zu koennen, wurde ein auf diese Fragestellung zugeschnittenes Fortran-Programm geschrieben, welches die Beruecksichtigung realistischer kinematischer Schnitte erlaubt. Insgesamt erfuellt die Genauigkeit der theoretischen Vorhersagen die Erfordernisse der Niedrigenergie- e+ e- -Experimente wie diejenigen bei DAFNE oder VEPP-2M. / Radiative corrections to low energy hadron production as measured at the e+ e- colliders DAFNE and VEPP-2M are investigated. The goal of this work is to provide the theoretical condition for extracting hadronic cross sections undressed from QED corrections from the measured data with a precision of per mill level. High precision hadronic data are required to reduce the theoretical error of the running fine structure constant alpha(s) and the muon anomalous magnetic moment a(mu) and therefore represent a key to a possible discovery of ``new physics''. Especially the channel of charged pion pair production e+e- -> pi+ pi- below 1 GeV appears to be of great importance. To this process the complete O(alpha) QED initial state, final state and initial-final state interference corrections are calculated. Analytic formulae are given for the virtual and for the real photon corrections. The total cross section sigma, the pion angular distribution dsigma/dcos(theta) and the pi+ pi- invariant mass distribution dsigma/ds' are investigated in the regime of experimentally realistic kinematical cuts. It is shown that in addition to the full O(alpha) corrections also the O(alpha^2) and leading log O(alpha^3) photonic corrections as well as the contributions from IS e+ e- pair production have to be taken into account if at least per cent accuracy is required. For the data analysis I focus on an inclusive treatment of all photons. The theoretical error concerning this treatment of radiative corrections is then estimated to be 2 per mill for both the measurement of the total cross section and the pi+ pi- invariant mass distribution. In addition the model uncertainty due to the pion substructure is discussed. To be able to extract the pion form factor from the experimental data with the desired accuracy a dedicated Fortran program was written which allows to take into account experimentally realistic kinematical cuts. Altogether the precision of the theoretical prediction matches the requirements of low energy e+ e- experiments like the ones at DAFNE and VEPP-2M.
426

O que sabem sobre as curvas cônicas? : uma possível leitura para o processo de produção de significado em um grupo de estudos /

Ferreira, Bruno Leite January 2019 (has links)
Orientador: Rúbia Barcelos Amaral-Schio / Resumo: A presente pesquisa partiu da motivação do seu autor sobre o processo de investigação matemática com estudantes. Entendendo que a Matemática não é produzida do mesmo modo que é apresentada nos livros voltados para o seu estudo, foi intencionado na tese elaborar compreensões sobre o processo de produção de significado para determinadas noções matemáticas em um contexto investigativo de aprendizagem. Desse modo, a pesquisa configurou-se em uma abordagem qualitativa, apoiando-se na Teoria do Modelo dos Campos Semânticos para realizar uma possível leitura desse processo, enfatizando-se a contribuição deste trabalho no diálogo do referencial teórico com o campo da Geometria. Para tal, foi organizado um Grupo de Estudos Independente sobre curvas cônicas composto por quatro estudantes do curso de graduação em Matemática e o pesquisador, autor desta tese de doutorado. Não houve um programa pré-definido, permitindo que os participantes conduzissem as discussões partindo da seguinte pergunta: O que vocês sabem sobre curvas cônicas? Como instrumento de produção de dados, foram utilizadas gravações em vídeo-áudio dos vinte e dois encontros que ocorreram ao longo do ano de 2016, conversas no aplicativo para smartphone WhatsApp (em grupo e em pares) e diários dos participantes. Em consonância com o objetivo, o estilo de escrita da tese adorado como estética buscou evidenciar tanto o processo de produção de conhecimento (matemático) como também o d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present research is based on the motivation of its author on the mathematical investigation process with students. Understanding that Mathematics is not produced in the same way as it is presented in textbooks, it was intended in elaborating understandings about the producing meaning process for certain mathematical notions in a research context of learning. In this way, the research is framed on a qualitative approach, based on Semantic Field Model Theory to carry out a possible reading of this process, so that the contribution of this work is emphasized in the dialog of the theoretical reference with the Geometry’s field. For that, a Study Group on conic curves was composed by four undergraduate students in Mathematics and the researcher, author of this doctoral thesis. There was no predefined program, allowing participants to conduct the discussions from referrals through the following question: What do you know about conic curves? As a data production tool, video-audio recordings of the twenty-two meetings that took place throughout 2016, conversations in the WhatsApp smartphone application (in group and in pairs) and participants' diaries were used. In agreement with our aim, the text form of the thesis sought to evidence both the process of production of knowledge (mathematical) as well as of scientific knowledge (to do research). The analysis consisted in making a plausible reading of the dynamics of meaning production from the point of view of one of the subjects.... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
427

Seções globais para fluxos de Reeb dinamicamente convexos em $L(p, 1)$ e folheação $3-2^3$ no Hamiltoniano de Hénon-Heiles / Global surfaces of section for dynamically convex Reeb flows on $L(p, 1)$ and $3-2^3$ foliation in the Hénon-Heiles Hamiltonian

Schneider, Alexsandro 15 December 2017 (has links)
Neste trabalho, mostramos que fluxos de Reeb dinamicamente convexos em um espaço lenticular $L(p, 1)$, $p>1$, admite uma órbita periódica de Reeb especial $P$ que é o binding de uma decomposição em livro aberto racional, com páginas tipo-disco tal que cada página é uma seção global. O índice de Conley-Zehnder da $p$-ésima iterada de $P$ é $3$. Como corolário, o fluxo de Reeb possui duas ou infinitas órbitas periódicas. Este resultado aplica-se ao Hamiltoniano de Hénon-Heiles, cujo fluxo restrito a energia baixa possui $Z_3$-simetria e define um fluxo de Reeb em $L(3, 1)$. Devido a $Z_4$-simetria aplicamos nosso resultado ao problema lunar de Hill regularizado. Na segunda parte deste trabalho investigamos a existência de uma folheação $3-2^3$ em níveis de energia no sistema Hamiltoniano de Hénon-Heiles, para energia logo acima da crítica. Provamos que certa região de interesse é uma hipersuperfície de contato. Provamos também que o fluxo de Reeb possui uma órbita periódica $Z_3$ simétrica, cujo índice de Conley-Zehnder é $3$ e possui número de auto-enlaçamento $-1$. / We show that a dynamically convex Reeb flow on a lens space $L(p, 1)$, $p>1$ admits a special closed Reeb orbit $P$ which is the binding of a rational open book decomposition with disk-like pages so that each page is a global surface of section. The Conley-Zehnder index of the $p$-th iterate of $P$ is $3$. As a corollary, the Reeb flow has $2$ or infinitely many closed Reeb orbits. This result applies to the Hénon-Heiles Hamiltonian whose flow restricted to low energy levels has $Z_3$-symmetry and descends to $L(3,1)$. Due to a $Z_4$-symmetry we also apply our results to Hill\'s lunar problem. In the second part of this work we investigate the existence of a $3-2^3$ foliation on energy levels of the Hénon-Heiles Hamiltonian, for energies above the critical one. We show that some region is of contact-type and the Reeb flow has a $Z_3$-symmetric periodic orbit, whose Conley-Zehnder is $3$ and has self-linking number $-1$.
428

Viga mista de aço e concreto constituída por perfil formado a frio preenchido / Composite steel and concrete beam constituted by filled cold-formed steel section

Chaves, Igor Avelar 20 January 2009 (has links)
As vigas mistas de aço e concreto têm sido amplamente empregadas em edifícios e pontes, havendo ampla investigação teórica e experimental a respeito da utilização de perfis laminados e soldados e conectores de cisalhamento compatíveis com esses perfis, como por exemplo, o conector tipo pino com cabeça (stud bolt) e perfil U laminado. No âmbito dos perfis formados a frio, a utilização do sistema misto ainda é incipiente, necessitando de investigações mais aprofundadas a respeito do comportamento estrutural e a adequação dos modelos de cálculo adotados para vigas mistas em perfis laminados e soldados. No Brasil, a ampla disponibilidade de aços planos tem impulsionado o emprego do sistema misto constituído por perfis formados a frio em edifícios de pequeno porte, porém, mediante concepções clássicas, o que não conduz a um aproveitamento mais racional do sistema. Neste trabalho foi investigado um sistema não-convencional de vigas mistas em perfil cartola leve preenchido com concreto, cuja conexão com a laje foi feita mediante duas soluções: conectores do tipo alça em barra chata soldados ao perfil e conectores do tipo alça em barra redonda soldados ao perfil. Foi feita avaliação do comportamento estrutural da conexão aço-concreto, via ensaios de cisalhamento direto (push-out tests), e ensaios em vigas mistas simplesmente apoiadas para avaliação da região de momento fletor positivo. Os conectores de cisalhamento apresentaram ductilidade e resistência compatíveis com as vigas mistas analisadas, e as respostas de rigidez e resistência à flexão para uma condição de interação completa comprovam que a hipótese de plastificação total da seção descreve com precisão o comportamento estrutural do sistema proposto. / The composite steel and concrete beams have been largely applied in buildings and bridges constructions, having also a large amount of theoretical and experimental investigations about the use of hot-rolled and welded shapes and shear connectors that are compatible with these members, as for an example, the stud bolt and channel connectors. In the cold-formed steel sections scope, the use of a composite steel and concrete solution is still premature, what makes necessary a higher degree of a structural behavior investigation and the adequacy of the theoretical solutions proposed, also for the composite steel and concrete hot-rolled and welded shapes. In Brazil, the high availability of steel sheets has pushed the employee of the composite system of cold-formed steel in small and mid-height buildings, however, because of classical conceptions, it doesn\'t lead too a more rational use of the system. It was investigated in this work a non-conventional lightweight composite system formed by hat-shaped beams filled with concrete, witch connection with the slab was done by means of two solutions: arc-shaped connectors in at bars welded too the section and arc-shaped connectors in round bars welded too the section. An analysis was conducted for evaluation of the structural behavior in the steel and concrete interface by push-out tests, and tests in simple two points supported beams for evaluation of the bending strength. The shear connectors showed ductility and resistance compatible with the analyzed composite beams and the stiffness and bending resistance responses for the given condition of full interaction showed that the full section plastification consideration describes with precision the structural behavior of the proposed system.
429

Seções globais para fluxos de Reeb dinamicamente convexos em $L(p, 1)$ e folheação $3-2^3$ no Hamiltoniano de Hénon-Heiles / Global surfaces of section for dynamically convex Reeb flows on $L(p, 1)$ and $3-2^3$ foliation in the Hénon-Heiles Hamiltonian

Alexsandro Schneider 15 December 2017 (has links)
Neste trabalho, mostramos que fluxos de Reeb dinamicamente convexos em um espaço lenticular $L(p, 1)$, $p>1$, admite uma órbita periódica de Reeb especial $P$ que é o binding de uma decomposição em livro aberto racional, com páginas tipo-disco tal que cada página é uma seção global. O índice de Conley-Zehnder da $p$-ésima iterada de $P$ é $3$. Como corolário, o fluxo de Reeb possui duas ou infinitas órbitas periódicas. Este resultado aplica-se ao Hamiltoniano de Hénon-Heiles, cujo fluxo restrito a energia baixa possui $Z_3$-simetria e define um fluxo de Reeb em $L(3, 1)$. Devido a $Z_4$-simetria aplicamos nosso resultado ao problema lunar de Hill regularizado. Na segunda parte deste trabalho investigamos a existência de uma folheação $3-2^3$ em níveis de energia no sistema Hamiltoniano de Hénon-Heiles, para energia logo acima da crítica. Provamos que certa região de interesse é uma hipersuperfície de contato. Provamos também que o fluxo de Reeb possui uma órbita periódica $Z_3$ simétrica, cujo índice de Conley-Zehnder é $3$ e possui número de auto-enlaçamento $-1$. / We show that a dynamically convex Reeb flow on a lens space $L(p, 1)$, $p>1$ admits a special closed Reeb orbit $P$ which is the binding of a rational open book decomposition with disk-like pages so that each page is a global surface of section. The Conley-Zehnder index of the $p$-th iterate of $P$ is $3$. As a corollary, the Reeb flow has $2$ or infinitely many closed Reeb orbits. This result applies to the Hénon-Heiles Hamiltonian whose flow restricted to low energy levels has $Z_3$-symmetry and descends to $L(3,1)$. Due to a $Z_4$-symmetry we also apply our results to Hill\'s lunar problem. In the second part of this work we investigate the existence of a $3-2^3$ foliation on energy levels of the Hénon-Heiles Hamiltonian, for energies above the critical one. We show that some region is of contact-type and the Reeb flow has a $Z_3$-symmetric periodic orbit, whose Conley-Zehnder is $3$ and has self-linking number $-1$.
430

Sobre seÃÃes cÃnicas / On conic sections

Josà Adriano dos Santos Oliveira 18 June 2015 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O estudo realizado nesta dissertaÃÃo, busca apresentar as seccÃes cÃnicas, dando Ãnfase a uma abordagem por meio de uma geometria sintÃtica e elementar, onde o trabalho à desenvolvido da seguinte forma: inicia-se com uma abordagem histÃrica, assim como a sua relaÃÃo com o cone circular; em seguida, à feito um estudo sintÃtico sobre as cÃnicas, exclusivamente, no plano; apresenta-se algumas superfÃcies quÃdricas; a equaÃÃo geral do segundo grau à apresentada como uma representaÃÃo algÃbrica de uma cÃnica e sÃo mostradas diversas situaÃÃes, onde as cÃnicas surgem de forma, curiosamente, natural, alÃm das inÃmeras aplicaÃÃes prÃticas em diversas Ãreas do conhecimento. / The study in this dissertation, seeks to present the conic sections, emphasizing an approach by means of a synthetic and elementary geometry, where the work is carried out as follows: begins with a historical approach, as well as their relationship with the circular cone; then itâs done a synthetic study on the conical exclusively on the plan; It presents some quadric surfaces; the general equation of the second degree is presented as an algebraic representation of a conic and are shown several situations where the conical arise so, curiously, natural, in addition to numerous practical applications in various fields of knowledge.

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