The papers in this special section were presented at the 31st International Conference on Data Engineering that was held in Seoul, Korea, on April 13-17, 2015. 17, 2015.

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Promoting values of respect, understanding, empathy and developing in the students the necessary skills to be part of a peaceful and comprehensive society is one of the responsibilities of the educational system. This mission, in the context of the Swedish preschools, is also compatible with the characteristic use of the natural and outdoor environments of the Scandinavian countries as learning and experiential settings. The aim of this research paper is to study how the outdoor spaces can affect the understanding andthe resolution of conflicts between students in the preschool stage from the perspectiveof the teachers. Therefore, the main tool for the collection of the data were the semistructured interviews carried out with different educators from different Swedish preschools. Using thematic analysis as the designated qualitative approach to analyse thedata, different themes and sub-themes were addressed throughout the answers from theinterviews and organized based on 3 different sections: experience in outdoors, conflicts in the preschool, and the outdoors in the resolution of conflicts. The results presented the teachers’ experience regarding outdoor education; their understanding of the differenttypes of conflicts in the preschool stage; the role of the different parts involved, and themethods used to understand, manage, and deal with issues between the students; lastly, how the use of outdoor settings and its benefits can promote conflict-management skillsamong the students. Thus, the outdoor settings possess a beneficial effect on the social, emotional, and personal development of the children, these being key factors for the promotion of peaceful conflict-resolution strategies from an early stage.

This is a study of local roads in two villages in the interior of Småland to see how much of the older road network can be found by studying maps from the 19th century, today's digital maps with height shading and Fornsök's map service. The introduction will be a review of other people's studies and their results that are used to be able to answer three questions.1- How to distinguish older roads from newer ones?2 -Which method can be used to determine the age of roads using maps?3 -How can you distinguish older hiking trails or other guides in map material?Throughout the texts show that ancient monuments are often close to older roads and that our roads today go the same routes as before. Locally in the villages, the rural roads are fewer today than what is seen on the oldest map from 1814 and to get a grip on changes and events, a method used by Kalle Måhl used in Gotland villages will be used together with Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger phenomenology archaeological theory. The theory is based on the fact that we have the same spatial perception based on bodily experiences in terms of direction and scale. The method means that you look at today's roads and compare them with the 1843 map in my case, note changes and compare these with the older map from 1814. With facts from Fornsök, you can analyze the changes and get a result. The result in this case with Bodaryd, Uggleryd and their road network is that they existed at least in 1549 as two farms and that the emerging villages were split by law change 1814-1843 with a number of scattered farms and several smaller settlements in the forests that today only exist as ancient finds in Fornsök. In addition, the connection between a registered hollow road and the rural roads has been established, however, there is only a theoretical connection to an unregistered hollow road that is without connections on the maps.

El empleo de pilares tubulares de acero rellenos de honnigón (CFT) ha crecido en las últimas décadas, debido a su excelente comportamiento estructural, que aprovecha el efecto combinado del acero y honnigón trabajando juntos. Esta asociación ofrece una serie de ventajas que hacen de las columnas CFT una solución interesante: su alta capacidad portante o su eficiente tecnología constructiva pueden citarse entre sus beneficios ampliamente conocidos, que se completan con una elevada resistencia al fuego sin necesidad de protección externa. Tradicionalmente, se han venido utilizando secciones huecas circulares, cuadradas y rectangulares para formar estas columnas compuestas. Adicionalmente, la sección elíptica ha sido recientemente introducida dentro de la gama de secciones de acero huecas disponib les comercialmente. Su atractivo estético y su reducida intrusión visual, junto con sus ventajas estructurales asociadas a secciones con diferentes propiedades en sus ejes fuerte y débil, hacen a las secciones elípticas de gran interés para los diseñadores. En esta tesis se estudian pi lares CFT de sección tanto circular como elíptica. Pese a que el comportamiento de los pilares CFT a temperatura ambiente ha quedado bien establecido en los últimos años, en situación de incendio la degradación de las propiedades del material da lugar a un comportamiento extremadamente no lineal de estas columnas compuestas, lo que hace dificil predecir su fallo. El estado del arte en el campo del comportamiento frente al fuego de columnas CFT se revisa en esta tesis, mostrando que es necesario profundizar en su investigación para una comprensión completa del funcionamiento de tales columnas en situación de incendio. En el caso de las secciones elípticas, este trabajo constituye una investigación novedosa. El comportamiento frente al fuego de los pilares CFT se estudia en esta tesis por medio de un modelo realista tridimensional de elementos finitos. Los valores adoptados de los parámetros del / Espinós Capilla, A. (2012). Numerical analysis of the fire resistance of circular and elliptical slender concrete filled tubular columns [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/17579